• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate factors influencing suicidal ideation in people with mental disorder. Methods: The subjects were 176 people with mental disorder from community mental health centers, social rehabilitation facilities, and university hospital psychiatric outpatient departments. The instruments used included a suicidal ideation questionnaire, a self-esteem scale, a spiritual well-being scale, a family support scale, and a professional support scale. Data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Suicidal ideation was influenced by age, history of suicidal attempts, and existential spiritual well-being. This study shows that suicidal ideation has negative correlation with existential spiritual well-being, self-esteem, family support, and age. Existential spiritual well-being, history of suicidal attempts, and age accounted for 30% regarding suicidal ideation in people with mental disorder. Conclusion: The lower existential spiritual well-being and age, the higher suicidal ideation. And also suicidal ideation was higher in people who had attempted suicide than in those who had not. Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design an intervention program that emphasizes existential spiritual well-being in order to decrease suicidal ideation in young people with mental disorder.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.480-489
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and death anxiety of elderly. Method: This was a descriptive survey study. Data were collected from March to June, 2013, from 243 elderly persons. Questionnaires were used in order to solicit information on self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and death anxiety. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were used in analysis of data. Results: Average scores were 2.96 for self-transcendence, 4.19 for spiritual well-being, and 3.08 for death anxiety. Statistically significant negative correlations were observed between self-transcendence and death anxiety, spiritual well-being and death anxiety. However, from the statistical point of view, significantly positive correlation was observed between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being.. Spiritual well-being, health status, and gender were significant predictors of self-transcendence. Conclusion: This study will provide basic information for use in development of a program to encourage a healthy lifestyle for elderly persons.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.266-275
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• 2010

Purpose: The aims of this study is to examine the relationships among spiritual well-being, aggression and happiness of the students in two Christian Universities. Methods: The data were collected from 486 students who were attending Christian Universities in Jeonbuk province. General characteristics, mean value, and correlations were performed using SPSS 18.0 Program to analyze the data. Results: The mean value of the spiritual well-being was 72.03 (SD=9.80), the mean value of aggression was 67.56 (SD=13.90), and the mean value of happiness was 19.54 (SD=4.23). Relationships between spiritual well-being and aggression showed negative correlation ((r=-.251, p<.01), between spiritual well-being and happiness showed positive correlation (r=.455, p<.01), and between happiness and aggression showed negative correlation (r=-.305, p<.01). Conclusion: The findings of this study provide basic data for the development of education programs for personality training and curriculum.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.494-505
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self-empowerment and a existential spiritual well-being in pregnant women, and to provide the basic data for nursing intervention. The subjects were 182 women who visited 2 OBGY hospitals in Taegu, Korea and ranged in age from 21 to 40. The data was collected during the period from May 6th toMay 24th, 2002. The instruments were the revised existential spiritual well-being scale developed by Paloutzian and Ellison(1982). Originally the instruments were developed by Spreitzer(1995) and Jung Hea Joo(1998), who translated it into Korean. The data was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mean score of total empowerment was 3.72 and the subcategory 'meaning', had the highest score at 4.15. 2. Mean score of existential spiritual well- being was 4.16. 3. Existential spiritual well-being was positively related to self-empowerment (r=.400, P=000). 4. A significant statistical difference between education, religion and self-empowerment was found. 5. A significant statistical difference between hope of pregnancy and a existential spiritual well-being was found. 6. The most important variable affecting the existential spiritual well-being was meaning which accounted for 15% of the total variance in stepwise multiple regression analysed. Three variables, competence and hope of pregnancy accounted for 22% in existential spiritual well-being. From the results of the study, the following recommendations are presented : 1) Indeed, we should identify existential spiritual well-being for real meaning of spiritual well-being in future. 2) It is required to check the effect of existential spiritual well-being and self-empowerment through the repeated studies. 3) We need to take a serious view of the meaning affecting existential spiritual well-being in pregnant women.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between menopausal symptoms and spiritual well-being. In order to collect the research data, 350 questionaries were sent to the middle aged women who were 40-59 years old. During the collection period, March 20, 1977-April 20, 1977, 264 questionaries were collected. The questionnaire was prepared by using other researchers' scale, such as menopausal symptom scale by Neugarton and spiritual well-being scale by Paloutzian & Ellison. The research data were analyzed by various testable methods, such as frequency, t-test or ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. The main results of this study were as follows ; Among the general characteristic variables, some variables have statistical significancy in explaining the difference of the menopausal symptoms. Such variables include age(F=5.17, p=0.002), years get married(F=4.23, p=0.002), number of children(F=3.08, p=0.028), income level of family(F=3.07, p=0.017), life style at leisure time(F=2.47, p=0.045). Some variables related to health condition could explain the differences of the menopausal symptoms among middle aged women. current menstruation stage(F=9.82, p=0.000), current health condition(F=9.82, p=0.000), and experience being operated in the past(F=9.82, p=0.000) are related to the menopausal symptoms. Serious menopausal symptoms which could be found in this study were 'back pain and joint pains(2.6)', nervousness(2.4), and psychosomatic symptom(1.97). Spiritual well-being inquiries could be classified into two subgroups, existential and religious. The mean score of existential well-being(3.04) was higher than that of religious well-being(2.76). Relatively higher existential well-being(3.10) was found in the women who have stable menstruation cycle. The age when the menopause began was related to spiritual well-being(F=3.29, p=0.046). The correlation between menopausal symptoms and spiritual well-being was statistically significant(r=-0.133, p=0.031). Based on the above results, nursing intervention program of menopausal symptoms is recommended in order to promote the health of middle-aged women.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.132-144
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on the spiritual well being and depression levels of hospice patients. Method: The data for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted to the hospice care unit from July 28, 2002 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self. Scripture. prayer. Hymn and music. use of church community involvement and referrals to pastors according to the assessment of patients' spiritual needs for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi (1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well being scale. which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison (1982)'s spiritual well being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well being. To investigate the level of depression. OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by $x^2$-test. t-test. and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: 1. The 1st hypothesis. 'total spiritual well being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported (F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2. The 1 lst sub hypothesis, 'religious well being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001 Interaction: p=0.000). 3. The 1 2nd sub hypothesis, 'existential well being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4. The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported (F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000). Conclusion: From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve the spiritual well being state and decrease the depression levels of the hospice patients. In the future, with spiritual intervention. which the researcher developed, is applied in the nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and die peacefully.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.943-952
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• 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic situation has changed all medical priorities. This has put pressure on the World's health sector, which also affects the economy of the whole world. This study aims to study how Islamic work ethics affects the relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational inclusion practices in the health care sector of Pakistan in the COVID-19 situation. This is a mix-method study. Data collected of 158 practicing doctors through survey-based questionnaire and interview was conducted from 30 doctors dealing with direct coronavirus. The organizational inclusion practices variable is used for the first time in a quantitative approach in this study. The reliability and validity of organizational inclusion practices are checked by Adanco, SPSS, and SmartPLS software. For this purpose, data on inclusion practices was also collected from the banking and education sector. Results show that spiritual leadership significantly relates to Islamic work ethics also has a positive connection between spiritual leadership and organizational inclusion practices. Still, Islamic work ethics as a moderator has an insignificant impact on the relationship between spiritual and organizational inclusion practices. Also, from the result, it is verified that the organizational inclusion practices variable is valid and reliable for further studies.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.137-156
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• 2004

Altruistic virtuous caring, possibly originated from religion and/or spirituality, is indispensable for holistic health through channeling vital energy with diet, exercise and meditation. This is a participant-observed medical anthropological research of a first generation Korean elderly immigrant health professional woman living in a four generational family. She had hypertension and was concerned about possible attack of stroke. Multi-religious, spiritual, and cosmological vital energy based on holistic Nature-oriented health beliefs and practices influenced by psychosocial, cultural and economic background, education, self- discipline and self-cultivation of individual, and group or family may create health. Self-care beliefs based on confidence in self-control of one's life style for oneself and others influence individual and group health practice. The holistic alternative health beliefs and practices were proved to be efficacious and beneficial by her self-evaluation, evaluation of significant others, biomedical professionals, and laboratory tests. That may have potential application for global health.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1036-1046
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spiritual well-being of hemodialysis patients and the correlation between spiritual well-being and demographic characteristics and disease related characteristics. The subjects for this study were 98 patients who were diagnosed as having chronic renal failure and were being treated at the hemodialysis units of three hospitals located in Seoul, Pusan and Taegu, Korea. Data were collected from October 27 1997 to November 15, 1997 by an investigator interviewing with a structured questionnaire. Palautizion and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale was used after some modification. The results of this study are as follows ; To analyze the differences between demographic characteristics, spiritual well-being, and disease characteristics and the spiritual well-being, T-test and ANOVA were used. 1. There were statistically significant differences in spiritual well-being for the demographic characteristics of age (p=0.0145) religious affiliation(p=0.0001) and level of education(p=0.04). 2. There were statistically significant differences in spiritual well-being for the disease characteristics perceived health status (p=0.0014) and vigor(p=0.01) 3. The mean score for spiritual well-being in hemodialysis patients was 57.10 of a possible range of 22-88. Among the components of spiritual well-being, the mean score for religions well-being was 27.01 of a possible range 11-44, and for existential well-being 30.09 of a possible range of 11-44. 4. Correlation between general characteristics and spiritual well-being showed that there were significantly positive correlations for level of education(p=0.0036), perceived health status(p=0.0001), vigor(p=0.0036) and religion(p=0.0004)

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate changes in the physical, psychosocial and spiritual health of people with mental disorder in community participating in the Integrated Health Care Program (IHCP). Methods: This study applied the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The participants were 37 chronic psychiatric patients who had been clinically diagnosed with mental disorder and visiting a mental rehabilitation center located in S City (17 in the experimental group, and 20 in the control group). The experimental group participated in the IHCP consisting of 24 sessions for eight weeks. Results: After the intervention, only the participants in the experimental group reported significant improvement in physical (body mass, triglyceride), psychosocial (mental symptoms, depression, self-esteem, ability of problem solving), and spiritual wellbeing when compared with those in the control group. Conclusion: These results indicate that IHCP is effective in improving the physical, psychosocial, and spiritual wellbeing of people with mental disorder. Therefore, IHCP developed in this study is considered a useful nursing intervention for raising the comprehensive health level of people with mental disorder in community.