• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.253-255
• /
• 2009

Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hematoma (SSH) is a rare entity to cause spinal cord or nerve root compression and is usually managed as surgical emergencies. We report a case of spontaneous SSH manifesting as severe lumbago, which demonstrated nearly complete clinical resolution with conservative treatment A 58-year-old female patient developed a large SSH, which was not related to blood dyscrasia, anticoagulation, lumbar puncture. or trauma. Patient had severe lumbago but no neurologic deficits. Because of absence of neurologic deficits, she was treated conservatively. Follow-up magnetic resonance (MR) image showed complete resolution. Conservative treatment of SSH may be considered if the patient with spontaneous SSH has no neurologic deficits.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제58권5호
• /
• pp.483-486
• /
• 2015

Cervical epidural steroid injection is frequently used in the conservative management of neck pain and cervical radiculopathy. Epidural cervical transforaminal injections are usually well-tolerated with mild side effects such as transient decreased sensory and motor function, or headache due to dural puncture. Although there are a few case reports about adverse effects of cervical epidural injection in the literature, it can cause severe complications such as large hematoma, infarction by spinal vascular injury. Subdural hematoma has been occurred much less common rather than epidural hematoma in the spinal cord. We report a rare catastrophic case of cervical spinal subdural hematoma with quadriparesis after cervical transforaminal epidural block.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.323-330
• /
• 2013

Objective : To develop a simple, reproducible model of disc degeneration in rabbits through percutaneous annular puncture and to confirm the degree of degeneration over time. Methods : Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits (4 to 5 months old and weighing approximately 3 to 3.5 kg each) underwent annular puncture of the L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5 discs. Rabbits were sacrificed at 4, 8, or 20 weeks after puncture. For a longitudinal study to assess changes in disc height over time, serial X-rays were performed at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 20 weeks for rabbits in the 20-week group. Upon sacrifice, the whole spinal column and discs were extracted and analyzed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and histological staining. Results : The X-rays showed a slow, progressive decrease in disc height over time. Significant disc space narrowing compared to preoperative disc height was observed during the time period (p<0.001). The MRI grade, aggrecan, and matrix metalloprotease-13 mRNA expression and hematoxylin and eosin/safranin O/anti-collagen II staining were consistently indicative of degeneration, supporting the results of the X-ray data. Conclusion : Percutaneous annular puncture resulted in slow, reproducible disc degeneration that was confirmed by radiology, biochemistry, and histology. This in vivo model can be used to study and evaluate the safety and efficacy of biologic treatments for degenerative disc disease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.163-166
• /
• 2009

The superiority of air versus saline for identifying the epidural space remains unestablished. Epidural anesthesia using a loss of resistance technique (LORT) with air is associated with increasing complications of dural puncture-induced headaches and neurological and hemodynamic changes. Here, we described a case of pneumocephalus with a large amount of air that was accompanied by severe headache and nuchal and chest pain occurring after epidural block using LORT with air for combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.

• 로봇학회논문지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.316-322
• /
• 2020

Endoscopic spine surgery is an advanced surgical technique for spinal surgery since it minimizes skin incision, muscle damage, and blood loss compared to open surgery. It requires, however, accurate positioning of an endoscope to avoid spinal nerves and to locate the endoscope near the target disk. Before the insertion of the endoscope, a guide needle is inserted to guide it. Also, the result of the surgery highly depends on the surgeons' experience and the patients' CT or MRI images. Thus, for the training, a number of haptic simulators for spinal needle insertion have been developed. But, still, it is difficult to be used in the medical field practically because previous studies require manual segmentation of vertebrae from CT images, and interaction force between the needle and soft tissue has not been considered carefully. This paper proposes AI-based automatic vertebrae CT-image segmentation and haptic rendering method using the proposed need-tissue interaction model. For the segmentation, U-net structure was implemented and the accuracy was 93% in pixel and 88% in IoU. The needle-tissue interaction model including puncture force and friction force was implemented for haptic rendering in the proposed spinal needle insertion simulator.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.296-298
• /
• 2011

Spinal intradural cysticercosis is a rare manifestation of neurocysticercosis. We report a unique patient who showed visual symptoms and normal imaging of the brain caused by isolated spinal neurocysticercosis. A 59-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency unit with a history of severe headache and progressive blurred vision. Brain computed tomographic scanning and magnetic resonance imaging showed normal cerebral anatomy without hydrocephalus. The fundoscopic evaluation by an ophthalmologist showed bilateral papilledema. Perimetry studies revealed visual field defects in both eyes. With the diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri, a lumbar tap was attempted; however, we could not drain the cerebrospinal fluid in spite of appropriate attempts. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging revealed multilevel intraspinal lesions that were confirmed histologically to be neurocysticercosis. An intraoperative lumbar puncture revealed an increased opening pressure and cytochemical analysis showed elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein level. The headache resolved immediately after surgery. However, the visual symptoms remained and recovered only marginally despite antihelminthic medications after six months of operation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 1990

영남대학교 마취과학교실에서 하지에 국한된 수술을 받는 환자 40예를 대상으로 각군 20예씩 0.5% 고비중 tetracaine 2ml와 0.5% 순수 bupivacaine 2.5ml을 사용하여 척추마취를 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. 각군의 연령, 성별, 신장 및 체중은 비슷하였다. 2. 양군 모두 감각차단이 $T_{12}$분절에 도달되는 시간은 4분정도였고, 감각차단 최고분절높이도 $T_{6-7}$이었으며 최고높이에 도달되는 시간도 20분 정도였다. 3. 운동차단정도도 양군이 비슷하여 10분에 대부분이, 20분이내에 전예에서 완전차단이 초래되었다. 4. Bupivacaine군은 감각차단이 $T_{12}$분절이상에서 유지된 시간이 3시간, 술후 진통시간이 7시간으로 tetracaine군보다 작용시 간과 진통시간이 의의있게 길었다(P<0.05). 5. 수축기 혈압의 감소는 bupivacaine군이 훨씬 적었으며(P<0.05), 혈압은 마취후 20~30분에 심하게 감소되었다. 6. 마취후 발생된 부작용은 전체 대상환자에서 두통(3예), 다리저림(5예), 배뇨곤란(3예) 및 배부통(4예) 등이었고 양군사이에 발생빈도의 차이는 없었다. 이 상의 결과로 bupivacaine 척추마취의 임상적 특징은 감각차단 및 운동차단이 나타나는 양상과 마취후 부작용은 고비중 tetracaine과 비슷하고, 고비중 tetracaine보다 혈압감소가 적고 작용시간이 걸고 술후 진통효과가 좋은 점등의 장점이 있으므로 0.5% 순수 bupivacaine은 하지수술을 위한 척추마취제로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.177-180
• /
• 1988

Transsacral neurolytic block with 2.5ml of phenol in glycerine or bupivacaine was performed in 6 patients with malignant diseases and a patient with sphincter spasm of bladder due to spinal cord injury. Pain relief was satisfactory in all patints except one patient with very low pain threshold. In one patient, second transsacral neurolytic block alone was not sufficient because of widespread pain along distant metastasis of the malignant disease, although the first block was satisfactory. The complications include transient motor weakness(4), voiding difficulty(1), subarachnoid puncture(1), and epidural venous puncture(1), but they were all spontaneously recovered within a sbort period of time and did not give any limitation to the block.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제1권6호
• /
• pp.647-655
• /
• 1997

The purpose of present study is to investigate the influence of a spinal gamma-aminobutyric acid B($GABA_B$) receptor on a central regulation of blood pressure(BP) and heart rate(HR), and to define its mechanism in the spinal cord. In urethane-anesthetized, d-tubocurarine-paralyzed and artificially ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats, intrathecal administration of drugs were carried out using injection cannula(33-gauge stainless steel) through the guide cannula(PE 10) which was inserted intrathecally at lower thoracic level through the puncture of a atlantooccipital membrane. Intrathecal injection of an $GABA_B$ receptor agonist, baclofen(30, 60, 100 nmol) decreased both BP and HR dose-dependently. Pretreatment with 8-bromo-cAMP(50 nmol), a cAMP analog, or glipizide(50 nmol), a ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channel blocker, attenuated the depressor and bradycardic effects of baclofen(100 nmol), but not with 8-bromo-cGMP(50 nmol), a cGMP analog. These results suggest that the $GABA_B$ receptor in the spinal cord plays an inhibitory role in central cardiovascular regulation and that this depressor and bradycardic actions are mediated by the decrease of cAMP via the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and the opening of $K^+$ channel.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.160-164
• /
• 1998

We report a case of epidural hematoma occuring after bloody tap during epi-dural catheter for cancer pain control in thrombocytopenic patient. Two hours after epidurl puncture, patient experienced severe back pain and numbness of both legs. Following day, patient complained of motor paralysis and urinary difficulty. Diagnosis utilizing magnetic reasonance imaging, showed epidural hematoma extending from $T_{11}$ to $T_{12}$. Thrombocytopenia prevented surgical intervention. Therefore we restored conservative therapy with packed red cell, platelet concentration, steroid and hemostatic, which provided complete neurologic recovery, spontaneously over several days without surgical intervention.