• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2001

황소개구리의 정자변태과정과 정자형성단계 중에 글리코겐이 정자 성숙에 미치는 역할을 알아보기 위하여 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 정자변태과정은 핵과 세포질 소기관의 형태적 특징을 토대로 하여 3단계로 나눌 수 있었다. 특히, 정자형성단계 중에서 글리코겐은 정원세포부터 정모세포발생 단계까지는 관찰되지 많았지만, 정자변태단계인 초기 정자세포부터 성숙기까지는 정자세포의 핵과 첨체 및 세포질 내에 존재하고 있었고, 성숙한 정자의 중편부에도 위치하고 있었다. 이러한 사실은 글리코겐이 정자 성숙에 중요한 역할을 수행할 뿐만 아니라 정자의 파동운동에 에너지원으로서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2023

Many studies have been conducted to improve technology for semen cryopreservation in pigs. However, computer-assisted analysis of sperm motility and morphology is insufficient to predict the molecular function of frozen-thawed semen. More accurate expression patterns of boar sperm proteins may be derived using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique. In this study, the iTRAQ-labeling system was coupled with liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to identify differentially expressed CM10-fractionated proteins between fresh and frozen-thawed boar semen. A total of 76 protein types were identified to be differentially expressed, among which 9 and 67 proteins showed higher and lower expression in frozen-thawed than in fresh sperm samples, respectively. The classified functions of these proteins included oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix, and pyruvate metabolic processes, which are involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis; and sperm flagellum and motile cilium, which are involved in sperm tail structure. These results suggest a possible network of biomarkers associated with survival after the cryopreservation of Duroc boar semen.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.196-199
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• 2007

The spermatozoa of Leiocassis nitidus are relatively simple cells composed of a spherical head, a short midpiece, and a tail, as in most Siluriformes. The ultrastructure is characterized by the following features: Acrosome absent, as in most teleosts; around nucleus about $1.8\;{\mu}m$ long, with a deep nuclear fossa containing the proximal and distal centrioles and mitochondria. Two centrioles approximately $180^{\circ}$ from each other; 10 or more mitochondria surrounding the axoneme (with a 9+2 microtubular pattern), arranged in two layers in the postnuclear cytoplasm and separated from the axoneme by the cytoplasmic canal. Two lateral fins on the same plane as the two central microtubules; doublets 3 and 8, which are ultrastructural characteristics of the sperma tail unlike other siluroids laking the lateral fins.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.277-291
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• 1996

The structures of the egg envelope in fertilized eggs of three species of characidae, head and tail light fish (Hemigrammus ocellifer), black tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi), and buenos aires tetra (Hemigrammus caudovittatus) were studied using light and electron microscopes. The fertilized eggs in all species were colorless, transparent, spherical and non-floted type. The egg envelopes have a single micropyle resembling the pathway of sperm in the area of the animal pole. The micropyle was surrounded by protruded lines of the egg envelope in a radiated form. Egg envelopes of fertilized eggs in both head and tail light fish and buenos aires tetra consisted of three distinct layers; an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer. And that of blacktetra consisted of two layers; an outer layer and an inner layer. Also, an outer layers of both head and tail light fish and black tetra were adhesive types but, in that of buenous aires tetra was non-adhesive type. An outer surface of egg envelope in black tetra was arranged by pores regularly. In that of head and tail light fish and buenos aires tetra have a rough side. An inner layer of egg envelope in fertilized eggs consisted of lamellae alternating with interlamellae of lower electron density; an inner layer of fertilized eggs in head and tail light fish consisted of three layers, that of black tetra was four layers, and that of buenos aires tetra was five layers.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.331-340
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 돼지 난자내에 돼지정자, 여러 가지 처리된 정자두부 (1% Triton, 0.1% Trypsin, 100mM NaOH)및 이종정자 (소, 쥐, 사람)를 미세 주입한 후 난 활성과 웅성 전핵형성, 전핵의 이동 및 배발달을 관찰하였다. 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 Triton X-100을 처리하였을 때 첨체가 제거되었으나 핵 주변 물질은 제거되지 않았고 Trypsin 또는 NaOH를 처리 할 경우 핵주변 물질 (perinuclear material)이 제거됨을 볼 수 있었다. 돼지 난자는 정자, 정자두부 및 Triton X-100을 처리한 정자두부의 주입을 통해 난 활성이 유도되었으며 쥐, 소, 사람의 정자를 주입하였을 때 난 활성이 유도되고 정상적인 전핵형성이 이루어졌다. 그러나 정자꼬리나 Trypsin 또는 NaOH에 의해 정자 핵주변 물질(perinuclear material)이 제거된 정자두부를 주입하였을때는 난 활성은 야기되지 않았다. 유사분열 및 2-세포기까지 정상적인 수정은 동종의 정자 및 정자두부를 주입한 난자에서 관찰할 수 있었으나 이 종정자를 주입한 난자에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 상실배 및 배 반포까지 정상적인 수정은 동종의 정자 및 정자두부를 주입한 난자에서 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 돼지에서 정자 및 정자두부의 미세주입에 의해 수정이 이루어지는 것을 시사하며 수정시 정자유래의 난할성인자는 정자 핵주변 물질(porinuclear material)에 존재하며 종특이적이지 않다는 것을 보여주는 것이다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2001

본 연구는 붉은머리오목눈이(Paradoxornis webbiana)의 정자변태 과정을 알아보기 위하여 전자현미경으로 세포분화 단계에 따른 세포구조물의 특징을 기초로 하여 관찰한 결과 정자변태의 전과정을 10단계로 나타내었다. 염색질의 변화는 골지기에서 균질한 섬유상의 형태가 두모기에서는 서서히 응축하여 첨체기에 막대상으로 응축되고 성숙기에 이르러 더욱 응축되고, 균질화되어 완전한 핵을 형성하였다. 꼬리의 형성시기는 초기 골지단계에서 시작하여 성숙후기에 완료되었다. 축사는 9+2구조이며, 미토콘드리아 다발은 2개가 1조를 이루어 축사를 중심으로 $15^{\circ}$ 각도로 규칙적으로 배열되어 있었다. 그리고 microtubules들이 미토콘드리아 외막을 둘러싸고 있었다 정자의 파동막의 형태는 S자형으로 정자원형질막을 둘러싸고 있었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.97-117
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• 1992

In order to study process of spermiogenesis of the Korean greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai, the cycle of seminiferous epithelium was examined by the light and electron microscope and the following results were obtained based on the epithelial cell differentiation. 1. Spermiogenesis occurred from early July to mid-Octber, and spermatogenic activity was vigorous from mid-August to late September. Spermatocytes including spermatogonia were found to be degenerated in only July. It is deduced that the degeneration serves as the mechanism to regulate effective use of energy to prepare for mating and hibernating periods, and regulation of breeding cycle. 2. Spermiogenesis of the Korean greater horseshoe bat was divided according to differentiation of the cell structure, into Golgi, cap, acrosome, maturation and spermiation phases; Golgi, cap and spermiation phases were further divided into two steps of early and late phase respectively, and acrosome phase into three steps of early, mid and late phases, and maturation phase has only one step. Hence, the spermiogenesis consists of ten phases. The first research was done in this article on the changes of chromatin with nucleus, the time of appearance and disappearance of chromatin granules, in case of Korean greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai). Chromatin granule began to be condensed in late Golgi and the condensation proceeded to form an irregular mass of a electron-dense chromatin in a form of circular cylinder in the center of nucleus at the phase of maturation. Finally, the chromatin condensation proceeded and perfect nucleus of sperm with homogeneous density was formed when the sperm was separated from Sertoli cell. Therefore, appearance and disappearance of chromatin granules occurred in the period of time between late Golgi and maturation phase, The tail of sperm began to develop in early cap phase, Numerous lipid droplets were obseved in the cytoplasm of spermatids during the maturation phase, which seemed to be used as energy source necessary to make mature sperm during spermiogenesis.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2015

In the study for a differentiation and development of spermatogonial cells, the researchers should commonly require a simple, fast and reasonable method that could evaluate the developmental stage of male germ cells without any damage and also relentlessly culture them so far as a cell stage aiming at experimental applications. For developing the efficient method to identify the stage of sperm cells, the morphological characteristics of sperm cells were investigated by staining the cells with blue fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258, and a criterion for male germ cell classification was elicited from results of the previous investigation, then the efficiency of the criterion was verified by applying it to assort the germ cells recovered from male mice in age from 6 to 35 days. As morphological characteristics, spermatogonia significantly differed from spermatocytes in size, appearance and fluorescent patches of nucleus, and spermatids could also be distinguished from spermatozoa by making a difference in the volume and shape of nucleus and the shape and fluorescence of tail. Aforesaid criterion was applicable for classifying in vitro cultured sperm cells by verifying its efficiency and propriety for assorting the stages of testicular germ cells. However, the fluorescent staining showed that germ cells in mouse testis should be dramatically differentiated and developed at 21 days and 35 days of age, which were known as times of sexual puberty and maturity in male mice, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that this simple criterion for sperm cell classification using fluorescence staining with Hoechst 33258 may be highly efficient and reasonable for spermatogenesis study.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1981

Gerris paludum의 精子形成 동안의 尖體形成에 대한 연구를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Golgi體는 精母細胞의 초기단계에서 細胞質에 산재되어 있다가 서로 융합하여 囊 胚形을 하며 이들이 모여서 감수분열 전기에는 몇 개의 큰 Golgi體群을 형성하는데, 이들은 결국 精細胞에 균등히 분포된다. 2. 精子完成에서 acroblast는 처음에 하나의 큰 胞로 나타나다가, 그 내부에서 尖體顆粒이 分化된 후, acroblast는 顆粒에서 分離되어 결국 tail filament를 따라 사라진다. 3. 尖體는 mitochondrial derivatives의 반대편인 核 전면부로 이동한 후, two zones 즉 core와 sheath로 分化된다. 4. Basal bodies와 tip은 모두 sheath에서 由來한다. Basal bodies는 sheath의 基部에서 발생해서 尖體가 伸長되고 좁아짐에 따라 점차로 尖體의 基部를 싸기 시작하여 결국 완전히 둘러싸게 되며, 分化된 tip은 core의 前端部에 인접해서 나타나지만 sheath와 뚜렷이 연결되어 있다. 5. 分化된 tip은 basal bodies보다 앞서서 伸長한다. Basal bodies는 精細胞 후기에 하나의 顆粒으로 융합하지 않고 서로 연결된 wtin-tubes로 나타나며, sperm bundle에서는 basal bodies group을 형성한다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2019

The study was conducted to evaluate the seminal attributes and cryobanking of Achhami (Bos indicus) bull semen. Of two Achhami bulls, 8 ejaculates from each bull were evaluated for seminal attributes. For semen freezing and cryo-banking, 4 ejaculates (having ≥2 mL semen volume, ≥75% of sperm motility and ≥1,000 × 10⁶ cells/mL of sperm concentration) from each bull were used. Semen samples were diluted in egg-yolk-tris-citrate extender using a two-step dilution protocol, and were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN₂) vapour in a styrofoam box. The mean semen volume, colour, sperm mass activity, motility, viability, concentration, abnormal acrosome, midpiece and tail and, abnormal head of two Achhami bulls were 4.4 ± 0.5 mL vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mL, 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1, 3.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.5 ± 0.1, 77.0 ± 1.1% vs. 78.3 ± 1.3%, 94.4 ± 0.5% vs. 91.0 ± 0.6%, 1137.7 ± 73.7 × 10⁶ cells/mL vs. 1060.0 ± 44.3 × 10⁶ cells/mL, 10.2 ± 0.5% vs. 10.3 ± 0.5% and 6.7 ± 0.5% vs. 8.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. The post-thawed sperm motility and viability were 53.0 ± 2.0% vs. 50.0 ± 0.0% and 80.2 ± 0.4% vs. 73.2 ± 0.7%, while evaluating by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, the percentage of the progressive motility, fast motility, slow motility, local motility and immotile sperm were 75%, 68%, 7.4%, 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively. A total number of 620 doses semen straw were cryo-banked. Due to the acceptable post-thawed sperm motility and viability recorded, cryopreservation of Achhami semen is hereby recommended so as to preserve the Achhami breed. For further validation, the fertility will be observed from the produced frozen semen.