• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2014

Purpose: Adenoid hypertrophy is a physical alteration that may affect speech, and a speech disorder can have other negative effects on a child's life. Airway obstruction leads to constricted oral breathing and causes postural alterations of several oro-facial structures, including the mouth, tongue, and hyoid bone. The postural modifications may affect several aspects of speech production. Methods: In this study, we compared articulation errors in 19 children with adenoid hypertrophy (subject group) to those of 33 children with functional articulation disorders independent of anatomical problems (control group). Results: The mean age of the subject group was significantly higher (P=0.016). Substitution was more frequent in the subject group (P=0.003; odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23- 2.62), while omission was less frequent (P<0.001; OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27-0.67). Articulation errors were significantly less frequent in the palatal affricative in the subject group (P=0.047; OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07-0.92). The number of articulation errors in other consonants was not different between the two groups. Nasalization and aspiration were significantly more frequent in the subject group (P=0.007 and 0.014; OR, 14.77 and 0.014; 95% CI, [1.62-135.04] and NA, respectively). Otherwise, there were no differences between the two groups. Conclusion: We identified the characteristics of articulation errors in children with adenoid hypertrophy, but our data did not show the relationship between adenoid hypertrophy and oral motor function that has been observed in previous studies. The association between adenoid hypertrophy and oral motor function remains doubtful.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the ability of coordination of the articulatory motor and the ability of control of the respiration and laryngeal for spastic dysarthria by acoustic analysis. The sustained of vowel /a/ and repetition of syllable /pa/ in 15 normal and 10 spastic dysarthria were measured. Multi-Speech, MDVP, and MSP were used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the mean DDK rate in the spastic group was significantly slower than in the normal. The maximum phonation time in the spastic group ($4.80{\pm}1.94$) was shorter than in the normal ($11.20{\pm}3.72$). The DDKjit in the spastic group was significantly higher than in the normal. The DDKsla was reduced in the spastic group. The mean syllable duration in the spastic group (146.2ms) was significantly longer than in the normal (75.8ms). The mean energy was reduced in the spastic group. The range of Fo was greater than in the normal. The frequency perturbation (jitter, vFo) and amplitude perturbation (shimmer, vAm) were higher than in the normal group. The NHR was higher than in the normal group. The parameters of this were significantly difference between the spastic dysarthria and the normal (p<0.05). Finally, the spastic dysarthria has short respiration, slow speech rate, and voice quality problem. The these results will help to establish a plan and the intervention of treatment.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2003

본 논문은 음성기반 생활환경 제어장치 (Enviropmet Control System: ECS)의 개발과 적용에 대해 다룬다. 구체적으로 개발 내용은 음성인식을 통한 생활환경의 제어 장치와 음성 지원 이동형 휠체어 리프트 제어장치를 구현하였다. 구현된 시스템은 경수 손상 사지마비 환자에게 적용되었고 활용의 문제점과 장치의 사용이 장애인 및 가족에게 미치는 신체적 정신적 영향을 평가 고찰하였다. 음성 인식 시스템은 HMM기반 실시간 음성 인식 시스템을 구성하였고 임상의 적용을 평가하기 위하여 가전 기구를 제어하도록 간략화된 음성인식 모듈을 구현하여 54세 남자로 완전 제 4 경수 손상인을 대상으로 1주간 관찰하였다. 그리고 설문 조사를 통하여 Beck 우울 척도와 오락 및 사회적 관계성의 변화를 평가하였다. 또한 음성 지원 이동형 휠체어 리프트의 전동기 구동 제어 장치를 개발하고 구조 역학 해석을 통해 기계적 안정성을 평가하고 시제품을 제작 성능 시험을 하였다. 시스템의 실험 결과 95%이상의 인식률을 나타내었다. 설문조사 결과 장애인의 장치에 대한 만족도는 높은 편이고 간호의존도와 사회적 관계성의 증진을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 더불어 간병인의 부담과 우울 경향의 감소가 있었다. 또한 음성 지원 이동형 휠체어 리프트는 구조 해석 결과, 상단 휠체어 바퀴 지지대의 재료로서의 피로 수명이 우수하고 무게 중심 이동이 안정성을 가짐을 확인하였다. 본 논문은 실시간 음성 인식 시스템과 이동형 휠체어 리프트를 이용한 장애자를 위한 생활환경 제어장치 구성의 한 예를 제시하였고, 실험을 통하여 실시간 음성인식의 중요한 활용 분야인 재활 의학 분야에서 한국형 생활환경 제어장치의 개발의 필요성을 확인하였으며 상용화를 모색의 발판이 될 것이다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2021

요구용량 모델에 의하면 말더듬 아동의 비유창성은 외적, 내적 환경에 영향을 받아 나타나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 외적 환경 중 언어적인 환경(말속도, 발화길이 및 통사적 복잡성)의 변화에 따른 말더듬 아동과 일반아동의 비유창성 차이를 비교 분석하려고 한다. 연구대상은 4-6세 말더듬 아동 9명, 일반아동 9명이었다. 연구 과제로 문장 따라말하기 과제를 실시하여 말더듬 아동과 일반 아동의 비유창성 빈도를 구하였다. 두 그룹의 비유창성 차이를 분석한 결과, 발화길이를 조절했을 때 평균 말속도에서 말더듬 아동은 발화길이와 상관없이 일반 아동보다 비유창성이 더 많이 나타났다. 말속도를 조절 때 말더듬 아동은 빠른 말속도에서 일반아동보다 많은 비유창성을 보였다. 그리고 말속도와 발화길이를 조절했을 시 빠른 말속도에서 말더듬 아동은 발화길이와 상관없이 일반아동보다 높은 비유창성을 보였다. 통사적 복잡성을 조절했을 때는 복문에서 말더듬 아동이 일반아동보다 더 많은 비유창성을 보였다. 말더듬 아동은 말속도, 발화길이 그리고 통사적 복잡성에 따라 비유창성에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 말더듬 아동은 말운동 조절 그리고 언어처리 능력이 일반아동보다 취약한 것으로 보인다. 따라서 임상에서 말더듬 아동 치료 시 치료사와 부모가 말속도와 발화길이를 아동의 수준에 맞춰 진행하는 것이 중요한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.380-387
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• 2011

본 연구는 음악요소와 노래 부르기 중심의 호흡 및 구강운동 훈련이 정상노인 음성개선에 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 실시되었다. 연구 대상은 서울 소재 노인 기관에서 노래 부르기 활동에 참여하고 있는 65세~80세 노인 27명을 대상으로 실험군 11명, 통제군 16명을 무작위 분류하여 선정하였으며, 훈련은 4주 동안 25분씩 4회의 그룹치료 형태로 실시되었다. 연구 결과는 두 집단의 사전 사후 결과를 Praat(음성프로그램)으로 분석하였으며, 측정된 결과는 평균을 산출한 후 SPSS 19.0으로 통계처리를 하였다. 연구 결과에서 실험군은 강도(p < .001), 기본주파수(p < .01), 최대발성지속시간(p < .05), 일련운동속도(p < .001)가 유의미하게 향상을 보였으며, 통제군은 강도만 유의미한 차이로 감소를 보이고(p < .05), 나머지는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 감소를 보였다. 따라서 음악요소와 노래 부르기를 활용한 호흡 및 구강훈련은 노화로 인한 정상 노인의 음성 기능 개선에 치료적 효과를 나타내며, 이후 음성 장애를 예방하는 음성 훈련프로그램으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.701-706
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 요람을 기존의 리모컨이나 수동으로 구동하는 방식과 달리 APP을 통하여 사람의 음성을 인식하면 모터로 동작하도록 요람을 제작하였다. 또한 요람에 온습도센서를 장착하여 실시간으로 요람의 온도와 습도를 LCD를 통해서 확인할 수 있고, 또한 소리크기에 따라 결과 값을 가지는 사운드센서를 이용하여 결과 값을 a, b, c로 지정하여 이 결과 값의 합이 1150을 넘으면 아기의 울음소리로 인식하여 APP에 알림표시와 알림음이 작동하도록 하는 기능을 가지는 요람을 제작하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Korean alveolar sibilant sounds of children with cerebral palsy by acoustic analysis. Thirteen children with spastic cerebral palsy aging from 6 to 10 years old, were selected by an articulation test, and compared with a control group of thirty children. The meaningless monosyllable CV, disyllable VCV(/asa/) and frame sentence including target syllables CV were measured. C was from the /s, s'/, and V was from the set /a, i, u, ${\varepsilon}$, o, ɯ, ʌ/. Multi-Speech was used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the frication duration of lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly shorter than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The vowel duration in the following lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly longer than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The children with cerebral palsy showed frequency and intensity of friction intervals which were significantly lower than in the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. In the comparison of the lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant by the children with cerebral palsy group's phonation types, the frication duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, VCV and between the phonetic contexts. The glottalized-sibilant was longer than the lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. The subsequent vowel duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in VCV and between the phonetic contexts(p<.05). The vowel duration in the following glottalized-sibilant was longer than the vowel duration in the following lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. In the frequency there was a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, and in the intensity there was a significant difference between the phonation type in CV and VCV. The children with spastic cerebral palsy had difficulty in articulating the alveolar sibilant due to poor control ability in laryngeal, respiration and articulatory movements which require fine motor coordination. This study quantitatively analyzes the acoustic parameters of the alveolar sibilant in various phonetic contexts. Therefore, the results are expected to help provide fundamental data for an intervention of articulation treatment for children with cerebral palsy.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2011

This study evaluated the respiratory capacity of spastic cerebral palsy children who were grouped by GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System) levels and identified the acoustic characteristics of three different types of Korean stops (stop consonants) which are needed for the temporal coordination of larynx and supra-larynx, in these children. Thirty-two children with dysarthria due to spastic cerebral palsy were divided into two subgroups: 14 children classified at GMFCS levels I~III were placed in Group 1 and 18 classified at GMFCS levels IV~V were placed in Group 11, and 18 children with normal speech were selected and placed in the control group. /a/ pronged phonation (sustained vowel /a/) and nine Korean VCV syllables were used. Examined acoustic characteristics were maximum phonation time (MPT) and closure duration and aspiration duration. The results were as follows: 1) The MPTs of the cerebral palsy (CP) groups, both Group I and Group II, were significantly shorter than those of the normal group. 2) The closure durations of the two CP groups were longer than those of the normal group for all 9 target syllables. 3) The aspiration durations of the two CP groups were longer than those of the normal group. 4) The closure duration of the normal and CP Group I was significantly different among tense, aspirated, and lax. However, the CP Group II was different from normal. 5) The aspiration duration of the normal and CP Group I was significantly different among aspirated, tense, and lax. However, the CP Group II was different from normal. 6) The place of articulation influenced less than the manner of articulation on closure and aspiration duration.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 1997

Spasmodic dysphonia is an uncommon and poorly understood disorder of motor control of laryngeal speech. We analysed 88 patients with spasmodic dysphonia, using chart review. These patients had historical information evaluated for age of onset(mean 39.2 years), duration of symptoms(mean 8.8 years), sex(4.2 : 1 female to male) family history(positive in 16.7%), and primary(84.8%) and secondary(15.2%) etiology : neurological evaluation for other dystonic involvement(40.7%). Eighty-three patients(94.3%) had adductor type of spasmodic dysphonia and 4 patients were abductor type and 1 patient was mixed type. All patients had normal thyroid and parathyroid functions and among 46cases, 8 patients had abnormal brain MRI finding. seventeen patients were evaluated by auditory brainstem response parameters. four out of the 17 patiemts had prolonged wave Ⅰ-Ⅴ interpeak latency.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1997

Stuttering is a movement disorder of speech-motor control characterized by inappropriate timing of lingual, labial, laryngeal, and respiratory muscles. Treatment for adult stutterers have included traditional and non-traditional behavioral and psychiatric modalities, many with good initial success but all with limited long-term benefit. Recent trials of botulinum toxin injection was somewhat favorable. In this study, the authors injected 5-8 U of botulinum toxin into the thyroarytenoid muscle bilaterally in cases of disabling stutterers. Evaluation after 4 weeks of injection, 80% of the patients was improved more than one positive scale. However, no one was improved to almostly normal range.