• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제51호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose the automatic speech database verification method(or called automatic verification) based on confidence measure for a large speech database. This method verifies the consistency between given transcription and speech using the confidence measure. The automatic verification process consists of two stages : the word-level likelihood computation stage and multi-level likelihood ratio computation stage. In the word-level likelihood computation stage, we calculate the word-level likelihood using the viterbi decoding algorithm and make the segment information. In the multi-level likelihood ratio computation stage, we calculate the word-level and the phone-level likelihood ratio based on confidence measure with anti-phone model. By automatic verification, we have achieved about 61% error reduction. And also we can reduce the verification time from 1 month in manual to 1-2 days in automatic.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제63호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a use of confidence vector as an intermediate input feature for multi-stage based speech recognition architecture to improve recognition accuracy. A multi-stage speech recognition structure is introduced as a method to reduce the computational complexity of the decoding procedure and then accomplish faster speech recognition. Conventional multi-stage speech recognition is usually composed of three stages, acoustic search, lexical search, and acoustic re-scoring. In this paper, we focus on improving the accuracy of the lexical decoding by introducing a confidence vector as an input feature instead of phoneme which was used typically. We take experimental results on 220K Korean Point-of-Interest (POI) domain and the experimental results show that the proposed method contributes on improving accuracy.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제52호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2004

This paper proposes a new confidence measure for utterance verification with posterior probability approximation. The proposed method approximates probabilistic likelihoods by using Viterbi search characteristics and a clustered phoneme confusion matrix. Our measure consists of the weighted linear combination of acoustic and phonetic confidence scores. The proposed algorithm shows better performance even with the reduced computational complexity than those utilizing conventional confidence measures.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2011

Recently, audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) has been studied to cope with noise problems in speech recognition. In this paper we propose a novel method of deciding weighting factors for audio-visual information fusion. We adopt the particle swarm optimization (PSO) to weighting factor determination. The AVSR experiments show that PSO-based normalized confidence measures (NCM) improve the rejection performance of mis-recognized words by 33%.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.95-98
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• 2005

Many utterance verification (UV) algorithms have been studied to reject out-of-vocabulary (OOV) in speech recognition systems. Most of conventional confidence measures for UV algorithms are mainly based on log likelihood ratio test, but these measures take much time to evaluate the alternative hypothesis or anti-model likelihood. We propose a novel confidence measure which makes use of a momentary best scored state sequence during Viterbi search. Our approach is more efficient than conventional LRT-based algorithms because it does not need to build anti-model or to calculate the alternative hypothesis. The proposed confidence measure shows better performance in additive noise-corrupted speech as well as clean speech.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2010

Forensic speaker identification needs high accuracy and reliability. However, the current level of speaker identification does not reach its demand. Therefore, the confidence evaluation of results is one of the issues in forensic speaker identification. In this paper, we propose a new confidence measure of forensic speaker identification system. This is based on pitch differences between the registered utterances of the identified speaker and the test utterance. In the experiments, we evaluate this confidence measure by speech identification tasks on various environments. As the results, the proposed measure can be a good measure indicating if the result is reliable or not.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제64호
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• pp.121-135
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• 2007

Speech signal is distorted by channel characteristics or additive noise and then the performances of speaker or speech recognition are severely degraded. To cope with the noise problem, we propose a modified HMM decoder algorithm using SNR-based observation confidence, which was successfully applied for GMM in speaker identification task. The modification is done by weighting observation probabilities with reliability values obtained from SNR. Also, we apply PSO (particle swarm optimization) method to the confidence function for maximizing the speaker identification performance. To evaluate our proposed method, we used the ETRI database for speaker recognition. The experimental results showed that the performance was definitely enhanced with the modified HMM decoder algorithm.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.461-464
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• 2005

Recently, a variety of confidence measures for utterance verification has been studied to improve speech recognition performance by rejecting out-of-vocabulary inputs. Most of the conventional confidence measures for utterance verification are based primarily on hypothesis testing or an approximated posterior probability, and their performances depend on the robustness of an alternative hypothesis or the prior probability. We introduce a novel confidence measure called a search confusion rate (SCR), which does not require an alternative hypothesis or the approximation of posterior probability. Our confusion-based approach shows better performance in additive noise-corrupted speech as well as in clean speech.

• 음성과학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2005

Confidence measure (CM) is used for the rejection of mis-recognized words in an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. Rahim, Lee, Juang and Cho's confidence measure (RLJC-CM) is one of the widely-used CMs [1]. The RLJC-CM is calculated by averaging phone-level CMs. An extension of the RLJC-CM was achieved by Kim et al [2]. They devised the normalized CM (NCM), which is a statistically normalized version of the RLJC-CM by using the tri-phone based CM normalization. In this paper we verify the NCM by generalizing tri-phone to n-phone unit. To apply various units for the normalization, mono-phone, tri-phone, quin-phone and $\infty$-phone are tested. By the experiments in the domain of the isolated word recognition we show that tri-phone based normalization is sufficient enough to enhance the rejection performance of the ASR system. Also we explain the NCM in regard to two class pattern classification problems.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2008

Recently demands for the speech technology-based products targeted for the mobile terminals such as cellular phones and PDA are rapidly increasing. And voting-based speaker identification algorithm is known to have a good performance in the mobile environment, since it works well with small amount of speaker training data. In this paper, we proposed a method to improve the performance of this voting based speaker identification system by using the observation confidence value which is derived from the function of SNR each frame. The proposed method is evaluated with ETRI cellular phone DB which is made for the speaker recognition task. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance of 2-3% identification rate than the conventional GMM method.