• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.174-182
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of lavender fragrance on speech anxiety and public speech behavior of nursing students. Method: The subjects were 89 students in the nursing department of "K" college. We administered vaporizers containing lavender to the experimental group to measure the degree of speech anxiety and public speech behavior at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results: The difference of variance in speech anxiety between the experimental and control groups was not significant (p=.477). However, the speech anxiety of the experimental group from pretest to post-test was significantly increased (p=.061). In addition, public speech behavior in the experimental group showed greater improvement than that in the control group (p=.000). Conclusion: This study has provided preliminary evidence that lavender fragrance may improve public speech behavior.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.99-112
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of self-monitoring on spontaneously initiating speech behavior of the hearing-impaired preschoolers. Three hearing-impaired preschoolers were selected from a special school for the deaf. They showed some vocalizations and words under intensive instruction settings, but never spontaneously spoke as a means of communication. Multiple probe design was applied in this study. During the self-monitoring intervention, each child was trained to assess whether his own initiating speech behavior was occurred or not, and then record his own behavior's occurrence on the self-recording sheets and self-graphing sheets. The vibration of handphone was used as a tactile cue for self-monitoring. The results of the present study were as follows: (1) self-monitoring significantly increased the percentage of occurrence of spontaneously initiating speech behaviors. (2) Increased level of spontaneously initiating speech behavior were generalized into another natural instruction (cognitive) settings. (3) Increased level of spontaneously initiating speech behavior were maintained after four weeks from the termination of the intervention.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.167-190
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop the cognitive behavioral group counseling program to relieve elementary children of speech anxiety and to examine its effects. The program was developed on the basis of the cognitive, affective, and behavioral activities. The cognitive activities were based on the REBT procedures, and affective activities included making child's nickname, finding out his own strengths and exchanging positive feedback each other and behavioral activities included training assertiveness, coaching and practicing speech behavior etc, Subjects were 14 elementary children from M elementary school in Gwangju. They had the highest scores at the speech anxiety test which was administrated to all the sixth graders of M elementary school. Seven subjects were randomly allocated to experimental group and control group respectively. Two speech anxiety tests and one speech behavior checklist were administrated as pre- and post-tests. The collected data was analyzed by ANCOVA. Research results demonstrated that the experimental group showed statistically significant changes in the scores of the speech anxiety test and the speech behavior checklist comparing with the control group. Then it was accepted that the program which was developed in this study could make effects on the reduction of elementary children's speech anxiety.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1615-1618
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• 1987

This paper proposes new algorithm for classifying speech signal frame into voiced, unvoiced, silence frame, using the parameters extracted from time domain behavior of speech signal The prameters used in this paper are absolute magnitude, the sum of peaks lager than reference level (T-peak), the ratio of T-peak to absolute magnitude and the magnitude of signal outputs of DPCM. Using this parameters, speech signal is more easily classified into voiced/ unvoiced/silence frame.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2004

This study is to investigate whether or not the aroma treatment has a positive impact on the reduction of anxiety of the school children when presenting a speech. Participants were 70 school children(20 males and 15 females for the control group, and 21 male and 14 females in the experimental group). They were exposed to 4 different scents i.e., lavender barreme, lemon, orange sweet, chamomile roman that were vaporized through humidifiers. Pre and post self-report type of SAS done by the children and SBES done by teachers were done before and one and two weeks after the treatment. The result indicated that children with aroma treatment than children who had no treatment showed a significant decrease in speech anxiety and improvement in behavior during speech.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2012

In order for humans and robots to interact in daily life, robots need to understand human speech and link it to their actions. This paper proposes a hierarchical behavior model for robot action control using natural language commands. The model, which consists of episodes, primitive actions and atomic functions, uses a sentential cognitive system that includes multiple modules for perception, action, reasoning and memory. Human speech commands are translated to sentences with a natural language processor that are syntactically parsed. A semantic parsing procedure was applied to human speech by analyzing the verbs and phrases of the sentences and linking them to the cognitive information. The cognitive system performed according to the hierarchical behavior model, which consists of episodes, primitive actions and atomic functions, which are implemented in the system. In the experiments, a possible episode, "Water the pot," was tested and its feasibility was evaluated.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2004

This study investigated the effect of listening to music on the reduction of public speech anxiety among middle-school female students. The subjects were 66 female first graders, 33 of the experimental and another 33 of the control group selected from two classes of C middle school in Chonan city. The level of anxiety (SAS) was rated by the subjects through self-report and the speech behavior (SBES) of the subjects were evaluated by a teacher before, a week after and two weeks after the speech trials. 64 pieces of music were selected based on the music therapy-related references. After 23 out of 64 pieces were selected for the preliminary experiment and 7 pieces as having positive effects through evaluating those 23 pieces in the other class in the same gaders were finally selected. Subjects listened to music for 40 min two times a day for two weeks with a cassette player in the classroom. The result yielded the followings: 1) Self-reported public speech anxiety decreased both in the experimental and control groups. However, there found more decrease in the music-listening group than in the non-listening music group. 2) The public speech behavior improved both in the experimental and control groups with on difference between the two groups. This suggests a possibility that SBES may not be a accurate measure to evaluate the speech anxiety. We conclude that two-week listening to music has the effect reduction on speech anxiety.

• MALSORI
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• no.33_34
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• pp.23-42
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• 1997

This study has two main purposes. One is to explore the relationship between syntactic aspects and prosodic aspects in Standard Korean. The other is to provide speech synthesis with the information about such relationship. This study will focus on the prosodic behavior of subjective particles'-i/-ga', '-eun/-neun'. The prosodic features of subjective particles are described respectively. How do the elements such as the position of particles in a sentence, the sentence constituents, the length of the sentence and the rhythmic boundaries influence on the prosodic behavior are also investigated.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.177-186
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• 2006

In an effort to enhance the quality of feature vector classification and thereby reduce the recognition error rate of the speaker-independent speech recognition, we employ the Mahalanobis distance in the calculation of the similarity measure between feature vectors. It is assumed that the metric matrix of the Mahalanobis distance be diagonal for the sake of cost reduction in memory and time of calculation. We propose that the diagonal elements be given in terms of the variations of the feature vector components. Geometrically, this prescription tends to redistribute the set of data in the shape of a hypersphere in the feature vector space. The idea is applied to the speech recognition by hidden Markov model with fuzzy vector quantization. The result shows that the recognition is improved by an appropriate choice of the relevant adjustable parameter. The Viterbi score difference of the two winners in the recognition test shows that the general behavior is in accord with that of the recognition error rate.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of microteaching for student health educators. Methods: Subjects included 43 students in the nursing department of "H" university. In order to measure the degree of self-efficacy and speech anxiety at pre-treatment and post-treatment, subjects in the experimental group underwent training in microteaching. Results: No significant difference of variance in self-efficacy and speech anxiety was observed between subjects in the experimental group and those in the control group. However, self-confidence, a sub-domain of self-efficacy, showed a significant increase from pretest to post-test. In addition, speech anxiety measured during the post-test showed improvement, when compared with that of the pretest. Conclusion: Findings of this study provide preliminary evidence that microteaching may result in improved speech behavior.