• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.375-381
• /
• 2009

In this paper, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) clutter images are simulated based on the extensive analyses for radar backscatter characteristics of various earth surfaces, and the simulated images are compared with measured SAR images. At first, the surface parameters including soil moisture content and surface roughness parameters and other parameters for vegetation canopies are measured for various surfaces. The backscattering coefficients for the surfaces are computed using theoretical and empirical models for surface scattering and the radiative transfer for vegetation-canopy scattering. Then, the digital elevation map (DEM) and land cover map (LCM) are used for the SAR image generation. The SAR impulse response (correlation function) is also employed to simulated reliable SAR images. Finally, the appropriate speckle and texture parameters for various earth surfaces are used for generating the SAR clutter images.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.182-193
• /
• 2021

The transcription factor SHE1 was identified as an interacting partner with the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 1a protein in the yeast two-hybrid system, by a pull-down assay, and via bimolecular fluorescent complementation. Using fluorescent-tagged proteins and confocal microscopy, the CMV 1a protein itself was found distributed predominantly between the nucleus and the tonoplast membrane, although it was also found in speckles in the cytoplasm. The SHE1 protein was localized in the nucleus, but in the presence of the CMV 1a protein was partitioned between the nucleus and the tonoplast membrane. SHE1 expression was induced by infection of tobacco with four tested viruses: CMV, tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X and potato virus Y. Transgenic tobacco expressing the CMV 1a protein showed constitutive expression of SHE1, indicating that the CMV 1a protein may be responsible for its induction. However, previously, such plants also were shown to have less resistance to local and systemic movement of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) expressing the green fluorescent protein, suggesting that the CMV 1a protein may act to prevent the function of the SHE1 protein. SHE1 is a member of the AP2/ERF class of transcription factors and is conserved in sequence in several Nicotiana species, although two clades of SHE1 could be discerned, including both different Nicotiana species and cultivars of tobacco, varying by the presence of particular insertions or deletions.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.435-441
• /
• 2008

This study conducted a survey on the moulting sequence subsequent to age of Haliaeetus pelagicus raised in captivity at the Ornithology Laboratory attached to Kyungsung University for about six years from November, 2000 until July, 2006. The survey indicated that the moult of rectrices usually began in July and continued until April of the next year and most of the rectrices were replaced by one-time moult. Usually, about two thirds of the tail feathers were replaced while the rest were replaced no later than April of the next year, and the moult also continued during the wintertime. The total number of rectrices was 14, and the moult progressed alternately on a systematic basis. The progress of the moult for female & male was made on four stages and three stages respectively and the characteristic shown on every stage of the moult was that the left & right tail feathers progressed symmetrically and not until one stage of progress almost completed did the next stage began. The color of the juvenile steller's sea-eagle was dotted with black spots on its original white color and there existed regular black belt on its feather's fringes; however, it was difficult to identify its age by tail feathers only because there was almost no difference in color between feathers ranging from the first to the third generation(1st-3rd summer feathers). In addition, this research took the different amounts of black-speckled pattern appearing by individual into consideration. There existed slight black speckles in white color feathers of the fourth generation(the 4th summer feathers) while showing a big difference compared to the 3rd generation feathers. The 5th generation feathers[the 5th summer feathers]were found to be equipped with perfect tail feathers having virgin white of a steller's sea-eagle after completing its 4th molt. When observing a steller's sea-eagle in the open air, it is necessary for an observer to have a deliberate examination in judging its age belonging to the 1st-3rd generation feathers, and it is considered that the changes of other parts of feathers should be also observed besides tail feathers.