• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.92-104
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• 2005

Obesity rates are increasing worldwide, associated with excess acute and chronic disease risk. In most countries, obesity rates among women exceed rates in men, particularly during the post menopausal years. Many factors affect body weight and appetite, including age, metabolic rate, physical activity level, stress, cultural factors, socioeconomic status, health status and health literacy, diet composition, attitudes, and beliefs. Gender affects appetite and body weight indirectly by altering factors contributing to food choice. However, there is emerging evidence that gender affects appetite and body weight directly, altering the physiological control systems regulating appetite. The follicular menstrual cycle phase (estrogen-rich) is associated with relative suppression of appetite. Lower estrogen levels are associated with increased food intake, body weight gain, and altered body fat distribution in humans and animals. This paper reviews the linkages between estrogen and appetite regulation. While relationships among appetite, body weight, and gender-linked hormones are complex, research elucidating these interrelationships could lead to development of gender-specific treatment approaches for obesity and appetite dysregulation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.684-687
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• 2004

A study was conducted to determine the effect of live weight of pheasants on egg production and egg quality characteristics. A total of 48 ring-necked pheasants were divided into control, heavy, middle and light BW groups. Live weights of the control were 1,187 g, 1,352.92 g for heavy group, 1,247.92 g for middle group and 1,003.33 g for light group. Egg production of groups were found as 47.32, 42.82, 45.79 and 46.51% respectively, in 10 weeks of period. There were no statistical differences on egg production among the groups. The effect of live weight on egg weight, shape index, specific gravity, shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh Unit, yolk weight and albumen weight were found statistically significant (p<0.05). The effect of live weight on albumen index, membrane weight and membrane thickness were found not important (p>0.05). On the other hand, other important factors to be effective on the egg quality of pheasants should be investigated. As a result of this study, live weight of pheasant hens is not an important factor to obtain high egg production in pheasants. But, body conformation of breeding materials should be in good conditions.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1983

Sixteen crosses from two strains of White Cornish and White Plymouth Rock were reared seperately on floors and abdominal fat was measured every two weeks interval from two weeks to twelve weeks of age. The abdominal fat weights surgically removed were slightly heavier in female than male. Estimates of general combining ability variances of body weight showed significant at all weeks of age in both sexes but those of abdominal fat weight were significant at 2, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age in female and 2, 6 and 12 weeks of age in male. In percentage of abdominal fat to body weight, the significant differences were observed at 10 and 12 weeks of age only in female. The specific combining ability variances were significant at 4, 6, 10 and 12 weeks of age in female and 4, 8 and 12 weeks of age in male in body weight. In abdominal fat weight, there were significant differences at 4, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age in female but no significant differences in male. The specific combining ability variances of percentage of abdominal fat to body weight showed significant differences at 4 and 8 weeks of age in female but no significant difference in male.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 1980

This study was carried out to estimate combining abilitie or economic traits in layer chickens. The data used in this study were the record of 10 single crosses produced by half diallel cross of 5 lines of Single Comb White Leghorns, such as A, B, C, K and S lines. Total 720 progenies of the crosses were reared at the Poultry Breeding Farm, College of Agriculture, Seoul National University from Feb. 1979 to August, 1980. Combining abilities were estimated by Grilling's mathematical model for the traits; age the first egg, total egg number, egg weight and body weight. The results attained from the studies were summarized as follows; In estimate of combining ability, an age at first egg of BS cross was largely due to significiantly higher general combining ability (G. C. A.) effect of B and S strains than Cand K strains in G. C. A. effect, and to specific combining ability (S. C. A) effect of B and S-trains. AB and BS crosses showed the highest egg Production. AB cross performance was result from high G.C.A. effect of A ana B strains. BS cross performance was result from high G. C. A. effect of B and high S. C. A. effect of BS cross. Specific combining ability effect in egg. weight was not statiscally significiant, but S strain showed high G. C. A. effect. A and B strains in body weight showed significantly low C. C. A. effect. From the above results, BS cross in an age at first egg, AB and BS crosses in egg Production, S strain in egg weight and AB cross in body weight were superior to other strains or crosses.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of shifts in maternal age and parity on the increasing trends in the low birth weight (LBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW) rates from 2005 to 2015 in South Korea. Methods: Data from 4 993 041 live births registered with Statistics Korea during the period between 2005 and 2015 were analyzed. Applying a modified standardization method, we partitioned the total increment in the LBW and VLBW rates into (1) the increase in the LBW and VLBW rates due to changes in the maternal age and parity distribution (AP-dis) and (2) the increase due to changes in the age-specific and parity-specific rates (AP-spe) of LBW and VLBW for singleton and multiple births, respectively. Results: During the study period, the total increment in the LBW and VLBW rates was 1.43%p and 0.25%p, respectively. Among singleton births, changes in the AP-dis accounted for 79% (0.34%p) and 50% (0.06%p) of the total increment in the LBW and VLBW rates, respectively. Meanwhile, among multiple births, changes in the AP-dis did not contribute to the increase in the LBW and VLBW rates, with 100% of the increase in the LBW (1.00%p) and VLBW (0.13%p) rates being attributed to changes in the AP-spe. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that shifts in maternal age and parity were prominent contributors to the increase in the LBW and VLBW rates among singleton births between 2005 and 2015 in South Korea.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.246-255
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• 2001

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of muscles extracted with distilled water, saline solution, SDS or Trition X-100 showed simular protein patterns between Hanwoo and Holstein meat, indicating that SDS-PAGE technique may not be useful for the identification between Hanwoo and Holstein meat. Lectine blot analysis of muscle extracted with distilled water demonstrated that Hanwoo and Holstein meat had similar affinities for concanavalin A (Con A), ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-120), ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-1) or peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectins. However, approximately 32.1 kDa component of Hanwoo meat showed high affinity for dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) lectin. On the contrary, high molecular weight components of Holstein meat had the specific affinity for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin. Hanwoo meat-specific components were observed by lectin staining of heat-denatured meat at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec. Also, the component of heat-denatured meat at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 30 sec, which was slightly smaller than Hanwoo meat-specific component, was concentrated specifically in Holstein meat.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.51-67
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• 2007

Objectives The study was designed to find out the relationships between short stature and low weight among children and teenagers. Methods This research was performed in 21 children and teenagers from August 2006 to June 2007. We measured height, weight, body mass index, obesity rare, bone age, and HTMA. Moreover, we analyzed correlation with height, weight, mineral concentrations and ratios obtained from HTMA. Results There were significant correlations between HTMA and short stature and low weight. 1. Most subjects(76%) had slow metabolic types. 2. Ca, Mg, Zn, Ca/P, and Cr had significant differences between high bone age group and high chronological age group. 3. Fe/Cu had significant differences between a group that recent height is more smaller than inherited height and a group that recent height is more taller than inherited height. 4. Ca, Mg, Ca/P had significant differences between a low weight group and a normal weight group classified by obesity rate. Conclusions Children and teenagers with short stature and low weight have specific mineral characters.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.139-146
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• 2003

The special requirements of high-performance concrete(HPC) could be enhanced property over others such as compressive strength, durability, and construction practices. In order to satisfy these requirements a series of laboratory trial mixes and following mock-up test of reinforced concrete wall at field were performed in this study. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the workability, compressive strength, and the increased heat of hydration caused by the increase of the specific weight of cement according to various variables. Six example series designed about a minimum compressive strength of 500kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ at 28 days, and an approximately slump and slump flow of 25cm and 60cm respectively were tested. The selection process of the specific weight of water and the percentage of fly-ash transposition determined to be most suitable for the production of HPC is presented in the following paper.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2005

Recently two breeding programs were carried out for isolation of new parental inbred lines in Iran. This study was undertaken in order to estimate the combining ability effects and heterosis of these lines. For this purpose an $8\times8$ diallel cross analysis including eight inbred lines of silkworm with four lines from each program were studied for their five quantitative traits. The results indicated that reciprocal effects appeared insignificant for most of traits. Japanese lines of 111 and 113 were best combiners for shell weight, cocoon weight and shell percentage traits. With respect to pupation rate, Chinese line 110 was the best and according to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances, it is superior in specific combinations. Hybrid $109\times110$ showed better characters for both productive and viability traits. Hybrids with high heterosis had high SCA too.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 1998

The growth of Phytolacca L. grown under three light regimes at three nutrient concentrations was analyzed. The effect of shading treatment on plnat growth was greater than that of nutrient treatment. Plant dry mass increased more than 5-fold during 21 days under 33% and 100% irradiances, whereas that was strongly reduced under 8% irradiance. Net assimilation rate decreased with plant growth irrespective of light and nutrient treatments, though the highest net assimilation rate was shown under 100% irradiance. Under 33% irradiance leaf area in plants supplied with nutrient solution increased to such extent as to compensate reduction in net assimilation rate, whic maintains almost identical growth rate with that under 100% irradiance. The relatonship between total plant nitrogen and leaf nitrogen content was dependent on the growth irradiance. Moreover, leaf nitrogen and specific leaf weight were also changed depending on the light and nutrient conditions. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the adaptive characteristics of Pokeberry plant to light and nutrient conditions may contribute to rapid extension of Pokeberry habital in Korea rocently.