• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2022

The Community Social Service Investment project started as a state subsidy project in 2007 and has grown very rapidly in quantitative terms in a short period of time. It is a bottom-up project that discovers the welfare needs of people and plans and provides services suitable for them. The purpose of this study is to analyze using big data to determine the social response to local community service investment projects. For this, data was collected and analyzed by crawling with a specific keyword of community service investment project on Google and Naver sites. As for the analysis contents, monthly search volume, related keywords, monthly search volume, search rate by age, and gender search rate were conducted. As a result, 10 items were found as related keywords in Google, and 3 items were found in Naver. The overall results of Google and Naver sites were slightly different, but they increased and decreased at almost the same time. Therefore, it can be seen that the community service investment project continues to attract users' interest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.313-323
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• 2003

The sliding wear behaviors of Zircaloy-4 nuclear fuel rod were investigated using two support springs with convex and concave shapes in room temperature air and water. The main focus is to compare the wear behavior of various test variables such as slip amplitude, environment, contact contours with different spring shape and a number of cycles. The results indicated that wear volume and maximum wear depth increased with slip amplitude in both air and water, but their trends tended to change according to the spring shapes and test environments. In air condition, the wear volume was controlled by wear debris behavior generated on worn surface. As a result, final wear volume and maximum wear depth decreased if a ratio of protruded wear volume to worn area $(D_p)$ would be saturated to specific value. This is because wear particle layer could accommodate large strain by accumulating and transforming wear particle layer. However, in water condition, metal-to metal contact was more dominant and wear volume was greatly affected by changed mechanical behavior between contact surfaces since wear debris should be generated after repeated plastic deformation and fracture. After wear test, worn surfaces were examined using optical microscope and SEM and details of wear mechanism were discussed using a ratio of wear volume to worn area $(D_e)$ at each test condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 1982

Engine torque, specific fuel consumption and MBT spark advance of a domestic automotive engine fueled with methanal-gasoline blends or straight methanal were studied under steady state condition and compared to those obtained with gasoline. The effects of adding methanal to gasoline on engine performance were studied with or without any carburetor modification. At first, the engine was operated without any modification. Next, the diameters of metering orifices in carburetor were modified to give the same excess air factor regardless of fuel type under each fixed engine operating condition. Finally, the diameters of metering orifices in carburetor were modified to give the same excess air factor for 15% mixture of methanal in gasoline by volume as for gasoline with standard metering orifices in carburetor. The effects of adding methanal to gasoline on engine torque, specific energy consumption and MBT spark advance can be explained on the basis of change in stoichiometry caused by the addition of methanal to gasoline.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2005

The objective of this research is to improve adsorption efficiency of adsorbent made from MSWI (Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator) ny ash by $HNO_3$ activation. The acidity and the basicity were determined by Boehm's method and the surface structure was studied by BET method with N2 adsorption. The adsorption properties were investigated with benzene and MEK (Methylethylketone). $HNO_3$ activation can modify the surface property of an adsorbent such as specific surface area, pore volume, and functional group. According to the results, the specific surface area of the adsorbent was increased from $309.2m^2/g\;to\;553.2 m^2/g$ by activation. Also oxygen-containing functional groups were formed on it.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.425-429
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• 1991

Porous glasses were prepared from $TiO_2$ containing borosilicate glass by the phase separation. Pore distribution and surface area of porous glasses were invesigated by SEM and porosimeter. As temperature and heating time increase. The pore size and volume increased, but the specific surface area decreased above the critical temperature. The specific surface area and pore size showed more sensitive change on the variation of heating temperature than of heating time.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.159-166
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• 2017

This study was to investigate the quality characteristics of white pan bread with added Nurungji, scorched rice. Nurungji powder at the level of 5% (N5), 10% (N10), 15% (N15), 20% (N20) was mixed with flour to make the bread. The overall effects of nurungji powder in pan bread were examined by investigating fermentation rates, volume change, farinograph and TPA analysis, color and preference evaluation. A control showed the highest fermentation rate by 60 min, but there was no significant difference between all samples. Farinograph analysis showed that the water absorption rate was the lowest in control and increased with the addition of nurungji powder. In contrast, in dough development time, control was the shortest and the N20 was the longest. Dough stability showed the best with control, N20 showed the lowest value, and Dough weakness increased significantly as the amount of rice powder was increased. According to TPA analysis it had shown significant differences in hardness and chewiness in the bread with Nurungi. Volume and specific volume tended to decrease as the amount of rice powder added increased. Sensory evaluation showed that the texture of bread had the highest with control, and the overall preference such as color, taste, and flavor showed the best with N15.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.289-293
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• 1975

According to the viscosity and density studies of an aqueous solution of dodecyl pyridinium chloride (DPC) it was shown that the 2nd critical micelle concentration (2nd cmc) existed in the solution in addition to the 1st cmc. The volume fraction ${\phi}_m$ of the hydrated micelle was calculated by using the following equation: ${\Pi}_{rm}=1+2.5{\phi}_m+14.1{\phi}_m^2$ It has been found that the increment of ${\phi}_m$ in the ${\phi}_m$ vs. $C_m$ curve decreased at near the 2nd cmc. And the partial specific volume ($\={v}$) of DPC obtained from the density measurement also decreased rapidly at near the 2nd cmc and remains constant value above the 2nd cmc. This may be attributed to a change in the micelle structure at the 2nd cmc caused by a variation in the type of aggregation and by a decrease in the counterion binding by the micelle.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to determine the fuel change and weight change impact on the fuel economy and emission characteristic of ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) vehicle. According to fuel type, fuel consumption and emission characteristics were measured and fuel used in this paper was gasoline, diesel, and LPG. Four vehicles with different weight were tested and the fuel economy were compared and analyzed by using scatter graph. Test was carried out using chassis dynamometer, CVS (Constant Volume Sampler), and emission measurement system. Diesel vehicle less emited $CO_2$ compared to gasoline and LPG. Even if same $CO_2$ between gasoline and LPG, there are difference fuel economy depending on carbon proportion of specific fuel. The heavier weight of vehicle, the worse of fuel economy and Better fuel economy performance on highway driving mode.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2016

Purpose : By analyzing seroma volume changes in the patients who underwent Partial breast radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery, we try to contribute to the improvement of radiotherapy effect. Materials and Methods : Enrolled 20 patients who underwent partial breast radiation therapy by ViewRay MRIdian System were subject. After seeking for the size of the removed sample in the patients during surgery and obtained seroma volume changes on a weekly basis. On the Basis of acquired volume, it was compared with age, term from start of the first treatment after surgery, BMI (body mass index) and the extracted sample size during surgery. And using the ViewRay MRIdian RTP System, the figure was analyzed by PTV(=seroma volume + margin) to obtain a specific volume of the Partial breast radiation therapy. Results : The changes of seroma volume from MR simulation to the first treatment (a week) is 0~5% in 8, 5~10% in 3, 10 to 15% in 2, and 20% or more in 5 people. Two patients(A, B patient) among subjects showed the biggest change. The A patient's 100% of the prescribed dose volume is 213.08 cc, PTV is 181.93 cc, seroma volume is 15.3 cc in initial plan. However, while seroma volume decreased 65.36% to 5.3 cc, 100% of the prescribed dose volume was reduced to 3.4% to 102.43 cc and PTV also did 43.6% to 102.54 cc. In the case of the B patient, seroma volume decreased 42.57% from 20.2 cc to 11.6 cc. Because of that, 100% of the prescribed dose volume decreased 8.1% and PTV also did to 40%. Conclusion : As the period between the first therapy and surgery is shorter, the patient is elder and the size of sample is smaller than 100 cc, the change grow bigger. It is desirable to establish an adaptive plan according to each patient's changes of seroma volume through continuous observation. Because partial breast patients is more sensitive than WBRT patients about dose conformity in accordance with the volume change.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 2006

When a domestically manufactured floater is used in a general gasoline or LPG car, or a flowmeter is floated long time in the engine oil under above $150^{\circ}C$, the floater will be swelled or its organization will be slackened because weight and volume will be changed due to the osmosis of fuel. In this study, we conducted a research on a manufacturing technique of a foam-floater with the small changse in weight and volume, oil-resistance, and thermal resistance in the high temperature engine oil. When the prepared floater TROF II-3, where Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) as basic material of the floater was superseded by Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR), was floated for 100 h at the engine oil of high temperature ($150^{\circ}C$), the change rates of the weight and the volume were 2.90%, and 2.56%, respectively. These were less than the NBR (TROF I-3) case, where the change rates of the weight and the volume were 10.81% and 3.08%, respectively, Therefore, TROF II-3 was determined to be suitable as an engine-oil floater in high temperature because the change of weight and volume were small, the appearance, and the specific gravity of floater were maintained uniformly in the high temperature.