• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 2001

This study was carried out to construct mapping population and to evaluate the methods involved, including polymorphic DNA marker system and appropriate statistical analysis. As an initial step to establish chicken genome mapping project, White Leghorn (WL) and Korean Ogol chicken (KOC) were used for generating backcross population. From 8 initial parents, total 280 backcross progenies were obtained and 40 were used for genotyping and linkage analysis. For development of novel polymorphic markers for KOC, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers specific for this chicken line were generated. Also included in this study were six microsatellite markers from East Lansing map as reference loci. For segregation analysis, 15 RAPD markers and 6 microsatellites were used to genotype the backcross population. Among the RAPD markers that we developed, 2 pairs of markers were identified to be linked and another 4 RAPD markers showed linkage with microsatellites of known map. In summary, this study showed that our backcross population generated from the mating of KOC to WL serves as a valuable genetic resource for genotyping. Furthermore, RAPD markers are proved to be valuable in linkage mapping analysis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2004

Silkworms sex determination drew high attention from researchers. Sex chromosomes on the silkworm are of ZW type for females and ZZ type for males. Chromosome W plays an important role in sex determination. Although several molecular linkage maps have been constructed for silkworm, very few markers are discovered on the W chromosome. In order to look for molecular markers and to further locate the Fern gene on chromosome W, we used genomic DNA from both female and male larvae of a silkworm strain named 937 as PCR templates for RAPD amplification with 200 arbitrary 10-mer primers. The amplification results showed three female-specific bands, namely ${OPG-07_496}, {OPC-15_1,660} and {OPE-18_1,279}$. Further verification, however, revealed no band from OPG-07 and OPC-15 in either sex in the strain 798, but OPE-18 provided female-specific band in the strains Suluan7 and C108, and absent in both males and strain 798. This indicates that the bands from ${OPG-07_496} and {OPC-15_1,660}$ are probably female-specific in strain 937, and the band from OPE-18 was probably amplified from a common segment shared by most strains. The genomic DNAs from OPG-07 and OPC-15 were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the DNAs from OPG-07 and OPC-15 have high identities with the retrotransposable elements, and DNA from OPC-15 contains a portion of sequence which probably encodes an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein (eIF4EBP).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 1996

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs were employed to study the genetic variation and gene introgression in potato dihaploids (2n=24) which were generated after interspecific pollination of tetraploid cultivars (2n=4X=48, Solanum tuberosum cv Irish Cobbler, Superior and Dejima) by haploid inducer clones (2n=2X=24, Solanum phureja 1.22, Hes-5 and Hes-6). Genetic variation and DNA marker segregation among dihaploids were observed. Most dihaploids contain S. tuberosum specific RAPD markers but haploid inducer-specific RAPD markers were also found in some dihaploids. Of six different arbitrary 10-mer oligonucletide primers which showed polymorphism betwen tetraploid cultivars and haploid inducers used, three generated amplification products which seemed to be derived from the S. phureja parent. Our results indicate that chromosomes of dihaploids may not be pure S. tuberosum and the dihaploids may not be produced by parthenogenesis.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.391-403
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• 2018

Genome resequencing by next-generation sequencing technology can reveal numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a closely-related cultivar group, which would enable the development of sufficient SNP markers for mapping and the identification of useful genes present in the cultivar group. We analyzed genome sequence data from 13 Korean japonica rice varieties and discovered 740,566 SNPs. The SNPs were distributed at 100-kbp intervals throughout the rice genome, although the SNP density was uneven among the chromosomes. Of the 740,566 SNPs, 1,014 SNP sites were selected on the basis of polymorphism information content (PIC) value higher than 0.4 per 200-kbp interval, and 506 of these SNPs were converted to Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers. The 506 KASP markers were tested for genotyping with the 13 sequenced Korean japonica rice varieties, and polymorphisms were detected in 400 KASP markers (79.1%) which would be suitable for genetic analysis and molecular breeding. Additionally, a genetic map comprising 205 KASP markers was successfully constructed with 188 $F_2$ progenies derived from a cross between the varieties, Junam and Nampyeong. In a phylogenetic analysis with 81 KASP markers, 13 Korean japonica varieties showed close genetic relationships and were divided into three groups. More KASP markers are being developed and these markers will be utilized in gene mapping, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, marker-assisted selection and other strategies relevant to crop improvement.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2013

Polymorphic bands of two fine-leaf zoysiagrass mutants (CNU 70-1, CNU 70-2) induced via a gamma-ray irradiation on seeds of Zoysia japonica were obtained by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. The genotype-specific fragments were then converted into PCR-based sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, which are now amenable to detecting them among other zoysiagrass species widely noticeable in Korea. The CNU 70-1-specific primer set amplified about 900 bp successfully, while the CNU 70-6 marker produced the expected 1,500 bp band, by which those markers were nominated by CNU 70-1_900 and CNU 70-6_1500 SCARs, respectively. The developed SCAR markers can be an applicable tool in sod industry where illegal appropriation hampers breeder's right and profits due to the turfgrass plant vegetatively propagating.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

One of wild diploid Solanum species, Solanum chacoense, is one of the excellent resources for potato breeding because it is resistant to several important pathogens, but the species is not sexually compatible with potato (S. tuberosum) causing the limitation of sexual hybridization between S. tuberosum and S. chacoense. Therefore, diverse traits regarding resistance from the species can be introgressed into potato via somatic hybridization. After cell fusion, the identification of fusion products is crucial with molecular markers. In this study, S. chacoense specific markers were developed by comparing the chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequence of S. chacoense obtained by NGS (next-generation sequencing) technology with those of five other Solanum species. A full length of the cpDNA sequence is 155,532 bp and its structure is similar to other Solanum species. Phylogenetic analysis resulted that S. chacoense is most closely located with S. commersonii. Sequence alignment with cpDNA sequences of six other Solanum species identified two InDels and 37 SNPs specific sequences in S. chacoense. Based on these InDels and SNPs regions, four markers for distingushing S. chacoense from other Solanum species were developed. These results obtained in this research could help breeders select breeding lines and facilitate breeding using S. chacoense in potato breeding.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2021

Identifying the extracellular metabolites of microorganisms in fresh vegetables is industrially useful for assessing the quality of processed foods. Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (PCC) is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes soft rot disease in cabbages. This microbial species in plant tissues can emit specific volatile molecules with odors that are characteristic of the host cell tissues and PCC species. In this study, we used headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to identify volatile compounds (VCs) in PCC-inoculated cabbage at different storage temperatures. HS-SPME-GC-MS allowed for recognition of extracellular metabolites in PCC-infected cabbages by identifying specific volatile metabolic markers. We identified 4-ethyl-5-methylthiazole and 3-butenyl isothiocyanate as markers of fresh cabbages, whereas 2,3-butanediol and ethyl acetate were identified as markers of soft rot in PCC-infected cabbages. These analytical results demonstrate a suitable approach for establishing non-destructive plant pathogen-diagnosis techniques as alternatives to standard methods, within the framework of developing rapid and efficient analytical techniques for monitoring plant-borne bacterial pathogens. Moreover, our techniques could have promising applications in managing the freshness and quality control of cabbages.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2000

In order to develop the specific genetic marker for Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 6 different cattle breeds was attempted by using 38 decamer primers. In comparison of RAPD patterns, two distinctive DNA bands specific for Hanwoo were detected. One was 296 bp of DNA fragment found to be specific only for female Hanwoo when primer GTCCACACGG was employed. In individual analysis of this RAPD marker was observed only in female individuals with the possibility of $85.3\%$. The other was 521 bp of RAPD marker amplified using TCGGCGATAG and AGCCAGCGAA primers, which showed $83.0\%$ of genetic frequency in 85 male and 68 female individuals tested. Nucleotide sequencing of these genetic markers revealed that 296 bp marker has a short micro satellite-like sequence, ACCACCACAC, and a tandem repeat sequence of microsatellite GAAAAATG in the determined sequence. Two distinctive tandem repeats of microsatellite sequences, MC and GAAGA, were also appeared in 521 bp DNA marker. In BLAST search, any gene having high homology with these markers was not found.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.262-269
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity among 6 different wild ginseng populations from New York, Kentucky, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Virginia, and to compare these wild populations to one cultivated population. RAPD markers were used to estimate the genetic difference among samples from the 7 populations. The 64 random primers were screened, and 15 primers were selected which exhibited the 124 highly reproducible polymorphic markers. The ratio of discordant bands to total bands scored was used to estimate the genetic distance within and among populations. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) of the relation matrix showed distinctive separation between wild and cultivated populations. The MDS result was confirmed using pooled chi-square tests for fragment homogeneity. This study suggests that RAPD markers can be used as population-specific markers for American ginseng.

• Language and Information
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.23-47
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• 2007

In this paper I discuss two markers for specificity, etten and han, in Korean. First, I discuss their structural properties and claim that etten is a determiner, and han is a numeral preceded by an implicit existential quantifier. Then I discuss four uses of etten and two uses of han, and show when they are used as specificity markers. There are various properties of the two specificity markers, some of which they have in common. I take them as properties of specificity markers in general. The properties only one of them has are taken to come from the original meanings of the two morphemes. I claim that specific indefinites range over individual concepts, which lead to the properties they have in common.