• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2014

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been emerging out of the efforts to research human diseases and ethnic disparities. A semantic network is needed for in-depth understanding of the impacts of SNPs, because phenotypes are modulated by complex networks, including biochemical and physiological pathways. We identified ethnicity-specific SNPs by eliminating overlapped SNPs from HapMap samples, and the ethnicity-specific SNPs were mapped to the UCSC RefGene lists. Ethnicity-specific genes were identified as follows: 22 genes in the USA (CEU) individuals, 25 genes in the Japanese (JPT) individuals, and 332 genes in the African (YRI) individuals. To analyze the biologically functional implications for ethnicity-specific SNPs, we focused on constructing a semantic network model. Entities for the network represented by "Gene," "Pathway," "Disease," "Chemical," "Drug," "ClinicalTrials," "SNP," and relationships between entity-entity were obtained through curation. Our semantic modeling for ethnicity-specific SNPs showed interesting results in the three categories, including three diseases ("AIDS-associated nephropathy," "Hypertension," and "Pelvic infection"), one drug ("Methylphenidate"), and five pathways ("Hemostasis," "Systemic lupus erythematosus," "Prostate cancer," "Hepatitis C virus," and "Rheumatoid arthritis"). We found ethnicity-specific genes using the semantic modeling, and the majority of our findings was consistent with the previous studies - that an understanding of genetic variability explained ethnicity-specific disparities.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.35-49
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine whether suppliers are able to benefit by means of constructing a relationship-specific intangible asset and participating in collaboration with purchasers to actively maintain value created while mutually using inter-organizational information systems. To achieve the purpose of this study. 82 questionnaires have been analyzed from suppliers which are using electronic transactions through inter-organizational information systems. As a result, business process specificity and domain knowledge specificity, which are relationship-specific intangible assets, affect operational collaboration and strategic collaboration, which are classified by level of decision-making. Although both types of collaboration are needed to achieve both strategic and operational benefits, we find each collaboration to be uniquely promoted by a specific types of relationship-specific intangible asset. Operational collaboration is found to be an antecedent to operational benefit and strategic collaboration is found to be an antecedent to strategic benefits. No crossover between collaboration and supplier's benefits is found. Consequently, the result of this study shows collaboration is needed for domestic suppliers, which have relatively low levels of collaboration, to keep maintain relationship-specific intangible assets and to prevent the relationship termination cost when transactions have been stopped between supplier and purchaser. Also the results imply the supplier can have advantages by participating in collaboration.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.514-519
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• 2006

To improve the mean-life and the reliability of power cable, we have investigated specific heat (Cp) and thermal conductivity of XLPE insulator and semiconducting materials in 154[kV] underground power transmission cable. Specimens were made of sheet form with the seven of specimens for measurement. Specific heat (Cp) and thermal conductivity were measured by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and Nano Flash Diffusivity. Specific-heat measurement temperature ranges of XLPE insulator were from $20[^{\circ}C]\;to\;90[^{\circ}C]$, and the heating rate was $1[^{\circ}C/min]$. And the measurement temperatures of thermal conductivity were $25[^{\circ}C],\;55[^{\circ}C]\;and\;90[^{\circ}C]$. In case of semiconducting materials, the measurement temperature ranges of specific heat were from $20[^{\circ}C]\;to\;60[^{\circ}C]$, and the heating rate was $1[^{\circ}C/min]$. And the measurement temperatures of thermal conductivity were $25[^{\circ}C]\;and\;55[^{\circ}]C$. From these experimental results both specific heat and thermal conductivity were increased by heating rate because volume of materials was expanded according to rise in temperature. We could know that a small amount of CNT has a excellent thermal properties.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1630-1634
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• 2011

Electroless plating of metallic nickel on carbon fiber surfaces was carried out to control specific electric resistivity of the fibers, and the effects of the nickel content and coating thickness on the electric properties were studied. The structural and surface properties of the carbon fibers were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The specific resistivity of the fibers was measured using a four-point probe testing method. From the XPS results, the oxygen and Ni atomic ratio of the fibers was greatly enhanced as the plating time increased. Additionally, it was observed that the specific electric resistivity decreased considerably in the presence of metallic nickel particles and with the formation of nickel layers on carbon fibers.

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.202-207
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• 2002

This study was carried out to develop specific primers for PCR detection of Phellinus linteus. Diverse genomes of 15 Phellinus spp. including five Phellinus linteus isolates were fingerprinted by Primer Universal rice primer(URP)1F. The URP-PCR pattern differentiated P. linteus isolates from other phellinus spp. A polymorphic band(2.8 kb), which is unique for P. linteus isolates, was isolated and sequenced. Twenty four-oligonucleotide primer pairs were designed based on information of DNA sequence. The primer set(PLSPF2/PLSPR1) amplified single band(2.2 kb) of expected size with genomic DNA from seven Phellinus linteus, but not with that of other Phellinus species tested. The primers could be used identically in both DNA samples from mycelium and fruit bodies. This specific primers could offer a useful tool for detecting and identifying P. linteus rapidly.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1996

Most expressed HLA loci exhibit a remarkable degree of allelic polymorphism, which derives from sequence differences predominantly localized to discrete hypervariable regions of the amino-terminal domain of the molecule. In this study, the HLA-DRB1 genotypes were determined in eighteen control cell lines and 112 unrelated Koreans using the PCR-SSP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequence Specific Primer) technique. 29 specific primer pairs in assigning the DRB1 gene were used. The results of control cells correlated well with the data which was previously reported. The heterozygosity and homozygosity of the DRB1 gene were 0.786 and 0.214, respectively. In a total of 41 different DRB1 alleles and 83 genotypes, the most frequent allele and genotype were DRB1*04 and DRB1*0901/1501, respectively. This study shows that the PCR-SSP technique is relatively simple, fast and a practical tool for the determination of the HLA-DRBI genotypes. Moreover, these results-allele and genotype frequency and heterozygosity of the HLA DRB1 gene-could be useful for database study before being applied to individual identification and transplantation immunity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1064-1068
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• 2007

Around metropolitan landfill area, specific vehicles such as garbage carrying trucks make noise problems and residents near landfill area organized to protest. However, it is difficult to distinguish the effect of noise of specific vehicles (ex: garbage trucks). In this study, noise map and CRTN were used to assess the noise from specific vehicles. Noise levels, which were predicted by using measured parameters such as traffic flow, traffic speed, composition of traffic for 1 year, were compared with measured results of noise level.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.1007-1012
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• 2015

EphA7 is a key molecule in regulating the development of the dien- and mesencephalon. To get insight into the mechanism of how EphA7 gene expression is regulated during the dorsal specification of the dien- and mesencephalon, we investigated the cis-acting regulatory sequence driving EphA7 to the dorsal midline of the dien- and mesencephalon. Transgenic LacZ reporter analysis, using overlapping EphA7 BACs, was used to narrow down the dorsal midline-specific enhancer, revealing the 25.3 kb genomic region as the enhancer candidate. Strikingly, this genomic DNA was located far downstream of the EphA7 transcription start site, +302.6 kb to +327.9 kb. Further enhancer mapping, using comparative genomic analysis and transgenic methods, showed that the 187 bp genomic DNA alone, approximately 305 kb downstream of the EphA7 transcription start site, was sufficient to act as the dorsal midline-specific enhancer of EphA7. Importantly, our results indicate that the 187 bp dorsal midline-specific enhancer is critically regulated by homeobox transcription factors during the development of the dien- and mesencephalon.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to prove that the hypothesis of half dose (HD) allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) would result in a similar success rate compared to the standard dose (SD) ASIT. Clinical signs were evaluated using a third version of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI-03) prior to ASIT (day 0), at the end of induction (day 43), and at three month afterwards (day 90). Of the 18 atopic dogs, 12 dogs (SD group: 6; HD group: 6) had a good - excellent response to the house dust mites-specific immunotherapy. The efficacies of ASIT were 66.6% in both groups. The grades of reduction rate CADESI-03 were not different between two groups. Therefore, half dose protocol of house dust mites-specific immunotherapy is an effective and efficient method to treat CAD.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.426-433
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• 2017

Ephrin-A5 has been implicated in the regulation of brain morphogenesis and axon pathfinding. In this study, we used bacterial homologous recombination to express a LacZ reporter in various ephrin-A5 BAC clones to identify elements that regulate ephrin-A5 gene expression during mesencephalon development. We found that there is mesencephalon-specific enhancer activity localized to a specific +25.0 kb to +30.5 kb genomic region in the first intron of ephrin-A5. Further comparative genomic analysis indicated that two evolutionary conserved regions, ECR1 and ECR2, were present within this 5.5 kb region. Deletion of ECR1 from the enhancer resulted in disrupted mesencephalon-specific enhancer activity in transgenic embryos. We also found a consensus binding site for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) in a highly conserved region at the 3'-end of ECR1. We further demonstrated that specific deletion of the bHLH TF binding site abrogated the mesencephalon-specific enhancer activity in transgenic embryos. Finally, both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase-based transactivation assay revealed that the transcription factor Ascl1 bound the bHLH consensus binding site in the mesencephalon-specific ephrin-A5 enhancer in vitro. Together, these results suggest that the bHLH TF binding site in ECR1 is involved in the positive regulation of ephrin-A5 gene expression during the development of the mesencephalon.