• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the phonological discrimination ability and phonological working memory of 10 typically developing children aged 4, and 10 other children with Specific Language Impairments whose language age is similar. In orders to compare their phonological discrimination ability among phonological awareness, discrimination tasks were conducted at the syllable and phoneme levels. Also, in order to compare their phonological working memory, the subjects repeated nonsense syllables. The research results may be summarized as follows: First, the children with Specific Language Impairments demonstrated a lower performance than the typically developing children in phonological discrimination ability at both syllable and phoneme levels, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant. Second, the children with Specific Language Impairments exhibited a lower phonological working memory performance in all syllables compared with normal children. Although there was no significant difference in 2 and 3 syllables, a significant difference appeared as the length of the syllables became longer from 4 to 6 syllables. It is deemed necessary to conduct research into qualitative and quantitative differences through an formal assessment of the phonological awareness and phonological working memory of children with Specific Language Impairments.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2003

In the present study, the production of grammatical morphemes of Korean-speaking children with and without developmental language impairments was investigated. Ten children with language impairments (LI) (CA: 4; 4-6; 11, LA: 3; .6-5; 10) and 10 normal children (CA: 3;1-6;3, LA: 3;5-5;11) with matched language abilities participated in the study. Sixty pairs of pictures were used to elicit 12 types of predetermined grammatical morphemes. The two pictures of a pair were designed to elicit two sentences of the same sentence structure. After the investigator described one picture of a pair, the children were asked to describe the other picture. The LI children made more errors than the normal children in the production of 6 types of grammatical morphemes including: locative case marker, dative case marker, two connective endings of predicates representing cause and goal, and suffixes for passive and causative verbs. However, the LI children produced some grammatical morphemes as accurately as. the normal children. The two groups were similar in their error patterns. Some explanations for Korean-speaking LI children's use of grammatical morphemes were suggested.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2022

Specific Language Impairment is one of the serious disorders that interferes with spontaneous communication skills in children. Children suffering from this disorder may have reading, speaking, or listening impairments, and such type of disorders are also termed Autism Speech Disorder (ASD) in medical terminology. The aim of the article is to define specific language impairment in children and the problems it can cause. The different methods adopted by speech pathologists to diagnose language impairment. Finally implementing machine learning models to automate the process and help speech pathologists and pediatricians/ in diagnosing the specific language impairment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.922-934
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• 2008

Developmental language disorder is the most common developmental disability in childhood, occurring in 5-8% of preschool children. Children learn language in early childhood, and later they use language to learn. Children with language disorders are at increased risk for difficulties with reading and written language when they enter school. These problems often persist through adolescence or adulthood. Early intervention may prevent the more serious consequences of later academic problems, including learning disabilities. A child's performance in specific speech and language areas, such as phonological ability, vocabulary comprehension, and grammatical usage, is measured objectively using the most recently standardized, norm-referenced tests for a particular age group. Observation and qualitative analysis of a child's performance supplement objective test results are essential for making a diagnosis and devising a treatment plan. Emphasis on the team approach system in the evaluation of children with speech and language impairments has been increasing. Evidence-based therapeutic interventions with short-term, long-term, and functional outcome goals should be applied, because there are many examples of controversial practices that have not been validated in large, controlled trials. Following treatment intervention, periodic follow-up monitoring by a doctor is also important. In addition, a systematized national health policy for children with speech and language disorders should be provided.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2023

Technological advances in neonatology led to the improvement of the survival rate in preterm babies with very low birth weights. However, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has been one of the major complications of prematurity. IVH is relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as cerebral palsy, language and cognitive impairments, and neurosensory and psychiatric problems, especially when combined with brain parenchymal injuries. Additionally, severe IVH requiring shunt insertion is associated with a higher risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Multidisciplinary and longitudinal rehabilitation should be provided for these children based on the patients' life cycles. During the infantile period, it is essential to detect high-risk infants based on neuromotor examinations and provide early intervention as soon as possible. As babies grow up, close monitoring of language and cognitive development is needed. Moreover, providing continuous rehabilitation with task-specific and intensive repetitive training could improve functional outcomes in children with mild-to-moderate disabilities. After school age, maintaining the level of physical activity and managing complications are also needed.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.311-323
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• 2021

Objective: The disabled are in a blind spot for obtaining information on drugs, and the pharmacies' counseling on drug use is centered on non-disabled people. Few studies have investigated the current statuses of drug use by type of disability. The purpose of this study is to understand the drug use by type of disability and by life cycle of visually impaired and hearing impaired in Korea. Methods: The study participants consisted of 16 people with visually impairments, 12 people with hearing impairments. One in-depth interview was conducted per participant, and each interview was recorded and documented. Results: Common barriers against safe medication and medical service uses across disability types are 'lack of consideration and service for the disabled, limited access to medical facilities due to disability, limited access to information regarding medication use, psychological anxiety about drug use and side effects, and inconvenience regarding COVID-19 epidemic. The specific factors were 'difficulties in identifying proper medicines and following prescribed dosages' in the case of visually impaired, and 'problems with sign language interpretation system' for the hearing impaired. Conclusion: Disabled people are hindered from using medicines properly due to various factors. Based on the content derived from this study, it is necessary to eliminate the inhibition factors and devise specific measures for the safety of each type of disorder such as developing a method for medication counseling considering disabilities and establishing communication support systems.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2020

Accurate localization of the seizure onset zone is important for better seizure outcomes and preventing deficits following epilepsy surgery. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have increased our understanding of the underlying etiology and improved our ability to noninvasively identify the seizure onset zone. Using epilepsy-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols, structural MRI allows better detection of the seizure onset zone, particularly when it is interpreted by experienced neuroradiologists. Ultra-high-field imaging and postprocessing analysis with automated machine learning algorithms can detect subtle structural abnormalities in MRI-negative patients. Tractography derived from diffusion tensor imaging can delineate white matter connections associated with epilepsy or eloquent function, thus, preventing deficits after epilepsy surgery. Arterial spin-labeling perfusion MRI, simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-functional MRI (fMRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are noinvasive imaging modalities that can be used to localize the epileptogenic foci and assist in planning epilepsy surgery with positron emission tomography, ictal single-photon emission computed tomography, and intracranial EEG monitoring. MEG and fMRI can localize and lateralize the area of the cortex that is essential for language, motor, and memory function and identify its relationship with planned surgical resection sites to reduce the risk of neurological impairments. These advanced structural and functional imaging modalities can be combined with postprocessing methods to better understand the epileptic network and obtain valuable clinical information for predicting long-term outcomes in pediatric epilepsy.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.283-304
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• 2015

본 연구는 정부 및 공공기관의 보건 관련 웹 사이트들의 웹 접근성을 한국형 지침에 따라 평가하여 장애인이나 노령자들과 같은 정보이용 소외집단들이 겪을 수 있는 문제점들을 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 총 27개의 보건 관련 웹 사이트의 접근성을 자동평가 및 전문가 평가를 수행하여 측정하였다. 두 단계의 평가를 실시한 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 국립병원이나 국립재활원 등과 같은 의료기관들은 웹 접근성 오류가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 외에도 건강보험심사평가원, 보건복지부, 보건사업진흥원, 식품의약품안전처, 그리고, 한국의료분쟁 조정중재원 등은 웹 접근성 준수율이 매우 높았다. 그러나 전문가 평가를 실시한 결과, 자동평가에서는 오류가 없는 것으로 나타났던 적절한 대체텍스트의 제공이 매우 미흡한 것으로 나타났으며, 텍스트 콘텐츠의 명도 대비가 표준에 미치지 않아 전맹자나 저시력자들의 웹 접근성을 지원하기 힘든 것으로 평가되었다. 그 외에도 기본언어표시와 마크업 오류 등 정확한 정보의 전달을 어렵게 하는 문제들이 나타났고, 반복영역 건너뛰기, 콘텐츠 선형화, 그리고 키보드 사용보장을 준수하지 않는 문제들이 발견되어 시각장애뿐 아니라 인지장애 내지 운동장애가 있는 이용자에게는 웹 접근성을 심각하게 방해하는 요소가 될 수 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 본 연구는 국내 연구로서는 처음으로 정부 및 공공기관의 보건관련 웹 사이트들의 접근성을 한국형 지침에 따라 평가했다. 또한, 이러한 웹 사이트들을 대상으로 자동 평가로 측정하기 어려운 웹 접근성의 정도와 상세한 내용 분석을 포괄하는 전문가 평가를 수행했다는 점에서 웹 접근성 연구 분야에 기여했다고 볼 수 있다.