• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2010

We examined gender-specific behaviors in children and classified types of bullying behavior among 1,181 fifth and sixth grade elementary schools students. Differences were identified in individual variables, family environment variables, and school environment variables. Furthermore the behavioral tendencies of those variables towards bullying were also investigated. Collected data were subjected to descriptive and comparative statistical analysis using the SPSS program(Ver 15.0). Results showed that tendency towards bullying was gender specific. Bullying behavior, reinforcing behavior, assistant behavior, and onlooking behavior in boys were influenced by individual factors only. However, defending behavior in boys was influenced by individual and school factors, while victimizing behavior was influenced by individual and family factors. In girls, onlooking behavior was only influenced by individual factors, while reinforcing behavior was influenced by individual and family factors. Bullying behavior, defending behavior, assistant behavior, and victimizing behavior in girls were influenced by individual, family, and school factors.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2007

Colostrum has lots of bioactive components and many growth factors including insulin-like growth factors, transforming growth factors and epidermal growth factor. Colostrum and milk derived growth factors widely mediate the growth of overall development and could be used as treatment of gastrointestinal disorder, wound repair process, bioacrivity in the neonatal GI tract and induction of oral tolerance. It is possible that milk derived growth factors as potential neutraceuticals for the specific consumers may have a great role in future food industry.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2001

Macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) from gram negative bacteria undergo activation of a group of immediate early genes including Rantes. The mouse Rantes gene promoter region contains an LPS rsponsive element(LPE) We detected 3 specific bands termed B1, B2 and 3 formed by the interaction of the LPE and proteins found in LPS-stimulated RAW 367.7 cells. An additional band B4 was determined to be an Ap-1 binding protein. The B1 band appears within 1 hour of LPS nuclear extracts from LPS-stimulation, and this protein kinase enhances B1 and formation. The B1 band can be converted to band B2/B3 by adding specific heparin column fraction purified Ser/Thr specific protein phosphatases PP-1 and PP-2A can stimulate the same conversion to about the same extent. Thus, the formation of the LRE sequence binding complex appears to be regulated by Ser/Thr protein kinase and one or more Ser/Thr specific phosphatases. At least four proteins are involved in the trgulation of the LRE-dependent Rants experssion: two binding factors that bind directly to the target sequences. and two factors that control their binding. The future purification and characterization of these binding pro-teins will reveal in detail the mechanism of Rantes gene activation after LPS stimulation.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.187-207
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• 2005

In the Internet-based B2C e-commerce, trust has been recognized as a critical factor to reduce uncertainties, through interacting with a well-known specific shopping mall. In this study, we view customer trust as not a unitary concept but multidimensional one consisted of the trustworthiness of trustee, familiarity with the specific shopping-mall, disposition to trust, and institution-based trust. In this study, first, we considered the trustworthiness of trustee consisted of capability, benevolence, and integrity as one of the major factors to build customer trust on the specific Internet shopping-mall. In the context of the Internet e-commerce, the role of institutional structures is very important to assure the customer trust from the various opportunistic behaviors because of the characteristics of internet-based commerce such as impersonality, the lack of information on the other party, and the transactions with a number of anonymous people. Second, we examined the effect of the institution-based trust built by institutional structures on customer trust. Third, we examined the effect of customer trust and familiarity on retaining customer loyalty. Our findings showed that customer trust and familiarity played a major role in retaining customer loyalty with the specific shopping-mall. In conclusions, we discussed the strategies to build the customer loyalty for maintaining the customer. We suggest customer trust and familiarity for the factors to bind the customer with the specific shopping-mall based on these results.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.183-204
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• 2004

본 연구는 한국주식시장에서 관찰 가능한 주식간 동적 연결구조를 도출하고, 관찰된 연결구조가 어떤 방식으로 형성되는지에 대한 기존연구의 결과를 보다 심층적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 즉, 주식간 동적 연결구조가 Power Law분포를 따른다는 기존 연구결과에서, 왜 대부분의 주식은 다른 주식과 2개이하의 연결개수를 갖고, 왜 일부 주식이 다른 주식들과 많은 연결개수를 갖는지에 대한 원인을 규명하고자 하였다. 그리고, 검증결과의 신뢰성을 높이기 위하여 다양한 각도의 검증방법을 채택하여 분석하였다. 검증결과에 의하면, Mantegna의 검증방법에 의하여 도출된 주식간 동적 연결구조에서 관찰된 주식간 연결개수는 기본적으로 해당주식이 개별주식의 고유속성을 많이 갖는가 아니면 시장지수와의 공통속성이 높은가에 기인한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 다른 주식과 많은 연결개수를 갖는 주식일수록 시장지수와의 공통속성이 높은 경향이 있고, 다른 주식과 작은 연결개수를 갖는 주식일수록 개별주식의 고유속성이 높은 경향이 있다는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그리고, 이러한 결론은 다양한 각도의 분석에서도 일관된 결과를 관찰하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2021

Objectives: After heart disease, brain stroke (BS) is the second most common cause of death worldwide, underscoring the importance of understanding preventable and treatable risk factors for the outcomes of BS. This study aimed to model the survival of patients with BS in the presence of competing risks. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on 332 patients with a definitive diagnosis of BS. Demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected by a validated checklist. Patients' mortality status was investigated by telephone follow-up to identify deaths that may be have been caused by stroke or other factors (heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, etc.). Data were analyzed by the Lunn-McNeil approach at alpha=0.1. Results: Older age at diagnosis (59-68 years: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.19; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 3.48; 69-75 years: aHR, 5.04; 90% CI, 3.25 to 7.80; ≥76 years: aHR, 5.30; 90% CI, 3.40 to 8.44), having heart disease (aHR, 1.65; 90% CI, 1.23 to 2.23), oral contraceptive pill use (women only) (aHR, 0.44; 90% CI, 0.24 to 0.78) and ischemic stroke (aHR, 0.52; 90% CI, 0.36 to 0.74) were directly related to death from BS. Older age at diagnosis (59-68 years: aHR, 21.42; 90% CI, 3.52 to 130.39; 75-69 years: aHR, 16.48; 90% CI, 2.75 to 98.69; ≥76 years: aHR, 26.03; 90% CI, 4.06 to 166.93) and rural residence (aHR, 2.30; 90% CI, 1.15 to 4.60) were directly related to death from other causes. Significant risk factors were found for both causes of death. Conclusions: BS-specific and non-BS-specific mortality had different risk factors. These findings could be utilized to prescribe optimal and specific treatment.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 2007

The development of domestic plant specific emission factors is very important to estimate reliable national emissions management. This study, for the reason, was carried out to obtain advances emission factor for Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$) by source-specific emission tests from the iron and steel industry sector which is well known as one of the major sources of greenhouse gases ($CO_2$). Emission factors estimated in this study were compared with those of IPCC for evaluation and they were found to be of similar level in the case of $CO_2$. There was no good information available on $CO_2$ plant specific emission factors from the iron and steel industry in Korea so far. The major emission sources of $CO_2$ examined from the iron and steel manufacturing precesses were a hot blast stove, coke oven, sintering furnace, electric arc furnace, heating furnace, and so on. In this study, the concentration of $CO_2$ from the hot blast stove process was the highest among all processes. The $CO_2$ emission factors for a ton of Steel and Iron products (using B-C oil) were estimated to be 0.315 $CO_2$ tonne (by Tier 3 method) and 4.89 $CO_2$ tonne. In addition, emission factor of $CO_2$ for heating furnace process was the highest among all process. Emission factors estimated in this study were compared with those of IPCC for evaluation and they were found to be of similar level in the case of $CO_2$.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.113-136
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• 2019

기업성과는 모든 기업 활동의 궁극적인 산출물로서 경영학 분야별로 성과에 미치는 영향요인에 관한 연구가 진행되어 왔으며 본 연구에서는 마케팅 분야에서 가장 많이 언급되고 있는 영향요인 중 하나인 시장지향성을 중심으로 B2B 기업의 성과에 관한 영향요인들을 규명하고 그 관계를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 관련 문헌고찰을 토대로 가설을 설정하였으며, 가설검증을 위해 울산지역 내 B2B 기반 기업들의 대상으로 설문을 수집하였으며 수집된 자료 중 최종 288부의 설문지가 분석에 사용되었다. 분석결과, 시장지향성의 하위 3개 요인 중 시장정보창출과 시장정보반응은 B2B 기업 간 관계에서의 파트너십 형성을 위한 관계특유투자에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 시장정보확산을 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 시장지향성의 하위 3개 요인 모두 경제적 성과에는 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 관계특유투자는 경제적 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 시장지향성과 경제적 성과를 관계특유투자가 매개하고 있음을 확인하였다. 끝으로 시장지향성 3위 요인 중 시장정보창출과 관계특유투자의 관계는 의존성에 의해 부(-)의 방향으로 조절되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과에 기반하여 연구의 학문적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하였으며, 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향도 제시하였다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to examine factors affecting suicidal ideation among female late adolescents from a Korean rural province. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design involving self-reported questionnaires was used. The data were collected from female adolescents aged 18 to 22 years, from high schools, universities, churches, and local community centers. The sample consisted of 197 female late adolescents from three rural areas in Korea. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and the Suicidal Ideation Scale were used to measure depression and suicidal ideation, respectively. Results: Suicidal ideation was correlated with having a specific suicide plan (r=.65, p<.001), depression (r=.39, p<.001), subjective well-being (r=-.46, p<.001), ever experienced violence (r=.15, p=.029), and age (r=-.21, p=.003). Factors affecting suicidal ideation among rural female adolescents were having a specific suicide plan (β=.56, p<.001), subjective well-being (β=-.23, p=.001), and suicide of a close person (β=.12, p=.035). These factors explained 48.0% of the variance in suicidal ideation (F=37.62, p<.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that affective factors and personal experiences regarding suicide were critical indicators for suicidal ideation among female late adolescents. These factors should be managed and tailored nursing interventions should be offered to prevent suicide and to enhance the psychiatric health status of female late adolescents.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2014

Objectives: The present study examined relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity and body mass index (BMI) as well as the effects of health-related behavioral and psychological factors on the relationships. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on Korean adults aged 20 to 79 years using data from the 2001, 2005, and 2007 to 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of obesity and mean differences in BMI, respectively, across SES levels after controlling for health-related behavioral and psychological factors. Results: We observed significant gender-specific relationships of SES with obesity and BMI after adjusting for all covariates. In men, income, but not education, showed a slightly positive association with BMI (p<0.05 in 2001 and 2005). In women, education, but not income, was inversely associated with both obesity and BMI (p<0.0001 in all datasets). These relationships were attenuated with adjusting for health-related behavioral factors, not for psychological factors. Conclusions: Results confirmed gender-specific disparities in the associations of SES with obesity and BMI among adult Korean population. Focusing on intervention for health-related behaviors may be effective to reduce social inequalities in obesity.