• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.388-394
• /
• 2005

In order to investigate the distribution of dominant Bifidobacterium species in intestinal microflora of Korean adults and seniors, SDS-PAGE profiles of whole cell proteins were used for the identification of bifidobacteria. To confirm the reliability of SDS-PAGE, the Bifidobacterium species identified by SDS-PAGE of whole cell proteins were validated by using 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. The results of SDS­PAGE corresponded well with those determined by the analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing. Based on the analysis of SDS-PAGE patterns on unidentified fecal strains which showed positive in fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase activity, B. adolescentis, B. longum, and B. bifidum were identified in the feces of adults, and B. adolescentis, B. longum, B. bifidum, B. breve, and B. dentium were identified in those of seniors. In most of the fecal samples tested, the predominant Bifidobacterium species consisted of only a few species, and differences in the distribution and numbers of Bifidobacterium species were observed between adults and seniors. B. adolescentis and B. longum were found to be the most common species in feces of adults, but not in seniors. Accordingly, the distribution and abundance of bifidobacteria in the human intestinal microflora varied depending on the age of hosts.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.68-84
• /
• 1993

A study on the distribution and seasonal changes of the benthic macroinvertebrate community was performed on the 4 intertidal rocky shores of Biyang-do in Chehu Island throughout four seasons from January 1992 to january 1993. The macroinvertebrates composed of 8 phyla, 15 classes, 31 orders, 71 families, 168 species. The seasonal appearing species were 135 species in summer, 127 species in spring, 124 species in winter and 121 species in autumn, respectively. The dominant species of the upper zones were Nodilittorina exigua, Nerita japonica, Pollicipes mitella, the middle zones were Turbo coronata coreensis, Monodonta neritoides, petrolisthes japonicus and the lower zones were Pagurus samuelis, Chthamalus pilsbryi, Chlorostoma argyrostoma lischkei. The community dominance indices of the upper zones were much higher than the middle and lower zones. The seasonal appearnace in species in the lower zones were remarkable, but individual numbes were not. Species diversity and evenness in all investigated zones were highest in spring and lowest in winter. But species richness was highest in summer, lowest in autumm.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 1991

Early studies on Korean Sargassum subjenus Bactrophycus were partly started by Kyetzubg(1843,1849), J. Agardh(1889), Cotton(1906), Yendo(1907) and Okamura(1913, 1914, 1915, 1917). Kang(1966) reported 15 species and 4 subspecies of Sargassum subgenus Bactrophycus and their wide distribution on the Korean coasts in his paper [On the geographical distribution of marine algae in Korea], a foundation stone of Korean phycology. In fact, all the Korean coasts and subtidal zone are inhabited by Sargassum plants. They constitute the most part of the primary production and dominant species of benthic algal vegetation. In 1974, L.K. Lee began to study Sargassum monographically as seaweed resources in Korea. The Koreans eat some species of Sargassum (including Hizikia fusiformis) or use them as fertilizer of the farm near the coast. Among the reported 17 species of Korean Fucales, 12 species belong to Bactrophycus. Yoo(1976) dealt with the descriptions, figures, and a key of 24 species of Korean Fucales plants in her M.S. thesis paper. Among them 16 species belonged to Bactrophycus. Even though the above two works were done with thorough observation of the dry specimens kept in the Pusan Fisheries University Herbarium (most of them were identified by Kang, J.W.) and nation-wide collections, great morphological varieties of these taxa made Lee and Yoo hesitate to publish the paper. Instead, the serial chemotaxonomic studies on the geographical variations of Korean Fucales plants(Yoo and Lee, 1988a, 1988b ; Yoo, et al., 1988) were held to solve the problem, while foreign papers (especially both Drs Tseng's and Yoshida's serial works on Bactrophycus). and authenthic specimens that foreign scholors sent to Korean phycologists induced them to find that several species of Sargassum had been misidentified from the beginning. We introduce here Korean Sargassum subgenus Bactrophycus according to Tseng et al. (1985), mentioning briefly the characteristics of the species, key, and distribution on the Korean coasts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.497-506
• /
• 2020

This study surveyed the altitudinal diversity and distribution of butterflies inhabiting Mt. Jirisan. Field surveys were conducted thrice (May, June, and July) using a line transect method along four routes in 2015. During the survey, a total of five families, 58 species, and 769 individuals were collected. Of the species collected, the majority belonged to the family Nymphalidae (28 species), followed by Hesperiidae (nine species), Pieridae (eight species), Lycaenidae (seven species), and Papilionidae (six species). As for the individuals, Pieridae accounted for the largest number (333 individuals), followed by Nymphalidae (309 individuals), Lycaenidae (63 individuals), Hesperiidae (33 individuals), and Papilionidae (31 individuals). A cluster analysis performed on the butterfly species distinguished three altitude zones. The butterflies showed different ecological traits in each of the altitude zones. Analysis of the altitudes of the habitats of eight dominant species revealed that each species inhabited a particular altitude. This study confirmed the hypothesis that continuous monitoring will identify changes in the altitudinal distribution and diversity of butterflies on Mt. Jirisan in response to climate change.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.277-286
• /
• 2021

Background: As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent and no longer a special problem. Anthropogenic activities and climate changes have made the distribution of alien species out of their native range common. As a result, alien species can be easily found anywhere, and they have nothing but only a few differences in intensity. The prevalent distribution of alien species adversely affects the ecosystem, and a strategic management plan must be established to control them effectively. To this end, hot spots and cold spots were analyzed according to the degree of distribution of invasive alien plants, and major environmental factors related to hot spots were found. We analyzed the 10,287 distribution points of 126 species of alien plants collected through the national survey of alien species by the hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) framework. Results: The explanatory and fourfold cross-validation predictive power of the model were 0.91 and 0.75 as AUC values, respectively. The hot spots of invasive plants were found in the Seoul metropolitan area, Daegu metropolitan city, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, southwest shore, and Jeju island. Generally, the hot spots were found where the higher maximum temperature of summer, precipitation of winter, and road density are observed, but temperature seasonality, annual temperature range, precipitation of the summer, and distance to river and sea were negatively related to the hot spots. According to the model, the functional traits accounted for 55% of the variance explained by the environmental factors. The species with higher specific leaf areas were more found where temperature seasonality was low. Taller species preferred the bigger annual temperature range. The heavier seed mass was only preferred when the max temperature of summer exceeded 29 ℃. Conclusions: In this study, hot spots were places where 2.1 times more alien plants were distributed on average than non-hot spots (33.5 vs 15.7 species). The hot spots of invasive plants were expected to appear in less stressful climate conditions, such as low fluctuation of temperature and precipitation. Also, the disturbance by anthropogenic factors or water flow had positive influences on the hot spots. These results were consistent with the previous reports about the ruderal or competitive strategies of invasive plants instead of the stress-tolerant strategy. The functional traits are closely related to the ecological strategies of plants by shaping the response of species to various environmental filters, and our result confirmed this. Therefore, in order to effectively control alien plants, it is judged that the occurrence of disturbed sites in which alien plants can grow in large quantities is minimized, and the river management of waterfronts is required.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.259-272
• /
• 2022

Background: The Korean Peninsula exhibits a characteristic graded floral distribution, with northern (Manchurian flora) and southern (China-Japan-Korea flora) lineage species coexisting according to climatic and topographical characteristics. However, this distribution has been altered by climate change. To identify ecosystem changes caused by climate change and develop appropriate measures, the current ecological status of the entire Korean Peninsula should first be determined; however, analysis of the current floral distribution in North Korea has been hampered for political reasons. To overcome these limitations, this study constructed a database of floral distributions in both South and North Korea by integrating spatial information from the previously established National Ecological Survey in South Korea and geocoding data from the literature on biological distributions published in North Korea. It was then applied to analyze the current status and distribution characteristics of Manchurian and China-Japan-Korea plant species on the Korean Peninsula. Results: In total, 45,877 cases were included in the Manchurian and China-Japan-Korea floral distribution database. China-Japan-Korea species were densely distributed on Jeju-do and along the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula. The distribution density decreased as the latitude increased, and the distributions reached higher-latitude regions in the coastal areas compared with the inland regions. Manchurian species were distributed throughout North Korea, while they were densely distributed in the refugia formed in the high-elevation mountain regions and the Baekdudaegan in South Korea. In the current distribution of biomes classified according to the Whittaker method, subtropical and endemic species were densely distributed in temperate seasonal forest and woodland/shrubland biomes, whereas boreal species were densely distributed in the boreal forest biome Korean Peninsula, with a characteristic gradation of certain species distributed in the temperate seasonal forest biome. Factor analysis showed that temperature and latitude were the main factors influencing the distribution of flora on the Korean Peninsula. Conclusions: The findings reported herein on the current floral distribution trends across the entire Korean Peninsula will prove valuable got mitigating the ecological disturbances caused by ongoing climate change. Additionally, the gathered flora data will serve as a basis for various follow-up studies on climate change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2016

The species composition and distribution of catches by dredge gear in the Yeongil Bay, Korea were investigated on a seasonal basis from February to November, 2015. Total catches consisted of 44 species and 35 families. They were 13 species of fish, 10 species of crustacea, 5 species of echinodermata, 5 species of gastropoda, 4 species of cephalopoda and 3 species of bivalvia. Major catch species was shellfish and had seasonal variations in catch. In spring and winter, the catch of ark shell (Scapharca broughtonii) was increased. Adversely, the catch of admas venus clam (Callithaca adamsi) increased in sunmmer and autumn. Species diversity indices was high as the value of 1.99 in spring, and low to the value of 0.34 in summer. In addition, multi dimentional scaling (MDS) indices also was high in spring as the value of 1.99. In summer, the index was low as the value of 0.34. Similarity analysis based on species data was transformed by fourth root. With the result of cluster analysis and MDS analysis, species was divided into two groups. The first group as Group A consists of winter and spring species and another was Group B made of species in summer and winter.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.202-208
• /
• 2004

The spatio-temporal distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts was investigated by palynological processing to understand the harmful algal bloom (HAB) potential in the sediment of the Saemangeun area in 2003. In total, thirty-two dinoflagellate species were identified, and their concentrations were in the range of $6-1,618\;cysts{\cdot}g^{-1}$ (dry weight). The concentrations of resting cysts were higher in the spring (26 species, $64-1,101\;cysts{\cdot}g^{-1})$ and summer (30 species, $81-1,618\;cysts{\cdot}g^{-1})$ than in the autumn (32 species, $6-1,150\;cysts{\cdot}g^{-1})$ and winter (24 species, $25-728\;cysts{\cdot}g^{-1}).$ The composition rate of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate species to the total, which is closely related to the eutrophication process, to ranged from 6 to $29\%$ in the study area. The most dominant species was toxic Alexandrium tamarense/catenella $(25\%)$ followed by Gonyaulax scrippsea $(9\%)$ and toxic Protoceratium reticulatum $(5\%).$ Given the high abundance of the toxigenic dinoflagellate species, the Saemangeun area is considered to have the great potential for HABs in the future.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• no.nspc5
• /
• pp.13-28
• /
• 2005

A taxonomic survey was carried out to see the decapod fauna of Jindo Island and its adjacent islet, Korea in June 2004. The 35 species in 13 families were identified in this study and of which 12 species of caridean shrimps in three families, one thalassinidean species, two anomuran species in one family, and two crab species in two families were newly added to the decapod faun3 of the study area. With the previously known 58 species in the Jindo Island and its adjacent islets, a total of 75 species are listed with some brief remarks. Distribution patterns of species are also discussed based on the composition of geographical distribution forms.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.247-251
• /
• 2020

We report a new distribution of Sedum kiangnanense D. Q. Wang & Z. F. Wu on the Korean Peninsula. This species was first reported in China and is distributed in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces. We found this species on Hongdo Island in Heuksan-myeon, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do in the Republic of Korea. S. kiangnanense is well distinguished from other species in Korea by 4- or 5-verticillate leaves on the sterile stems and a spatulate leaf shape. We provide its morphological description, detailed illustrations, and a key to related taxa. We have given this species a new Korean name, Ip-kkot-dol-na-mul, which means flower-like leaved sedum.