• Title/Summary/Keyword: Species Distribution

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A Detection of Novel Habitats of Abies Koreana by Using Species Distribution Models(SDMs) and Its Application for Plant Conservation (종 분포 모형을 활용한 새로운 구상나무 서식지 탐색, 그리고 식물보전 활용)

  • Kim, Nam-Shin;Han, DongUk;Cha, Jin-Yeol;Park, Yong-Su;Cho, Hyeun-Je;Kwon, Hye-Jin;Cho, Yong-Chan;Oh, Seung-Hwan;Lee, Chang-Seok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.135-149
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    • 2015
  • Korean fir(Abies koreana E.H.Wilson 1920), endemic tree species of Korean peninsula, is considered as vulnerable and endangered species to recent rapid environmental changes such as land use and climate change. There are limited activities and efforts to find natural habitats of Korean fir for conservation of the species and habitats. In this study, by applying SDMs (Species Distribution Models) based on climate and topographic factors of Korean fir, we developed Korean fir's predicted distribution model and explored novel natural habitats. In Mt. Shinbulsan, Youngnam region and Mt. Songnisan, we could find korean fir's two novel habitat and the former was the warmest($13^{\circ}C$ in annual mean temperature), the driest(1,200mm~1,600mm in annual rainfall) and relatively low altitude environment among Korean fir's habitats in Korea. The result of SDMs did not include mountain areas of Gangwon-do as habitats of A. nephrolepis, because there were different contributions of key habitat environment factors, summer rainfall, winter mean temperature and winter rainfall, between A. koreana and A. nephrolepis. Our results raise modification of other distribution models on Korean fir. Novel habitat of Korean fir in Mt. Shinbulsan revealed similar habitat affinity of the species, ridgy and rocky site, with other habitats in Korea. Our results also suggest potential areas for creation of Korea fir's alternative habitats through species reintroduction in landscape and ecosystem level.

Modeling Species Distributions to Predict Seasonal Habitat Range of Invasive Fish in the Urban Stream via Environmental DNA

  • Kang, Yujin;Shin, Wonhyeop;Yun, Jiweon;Kim, Yonghwan;Song, Youngkeun
    • Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.54-65
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    • 2022
  • Species distribution models are a useful tool for predicting future distribution and establishing a preemptive response of invasive species. However, few studies considered the possibility of habitat for the aquatic organism and the number of target sites was relatively small compared to the area. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is the emerging tool as the methodology obtaining the bulk of species presence data with high detectability. Thus, this study applied eDNA survey results of Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus to species distribution modeling by seasons in the Anyang stream network. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model evaluated that both species extended potential distribution area in October compared to July from 89.1% (12,110,675 m2) to 99.3% (13,625,525 m2) for M. salmoides and 76.6% (10,407,350 m2) to 100% (13,724,225 m2) for L. macrochirus. The prediction value by streams was varied according to species and seasons. Also, models elucidate the significant environmental variables which affect the distribution by seasons and species. Our results identified the potential of eDNA methodology as a way to retrieve species data effectively and use data for building a model.

Mapping and analyzing the distribution of the species in the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in the Ferghana Valley of Central Asia

  • DEKHKONOV, Davron;TOJIBAEV, Komiljon Sh.;MAKHMUDJANOV, Dilmurod;NA, Nu-ree;BAASANMUNKH, Shukherdorj;YUSUPOV, Ziyoviddin;CHOI, Hyeok Jae;JANG, Chang-Gee
    • Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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    • v.51 no.3
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    • pp.181-191
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    • 2021
  • Tulips are bulbous geophytes that have considerable commercial value worldwide. This genus primarily originated in the Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai mountain ranges, which surround the Ferghana Valley. The Ferghana Valley is home to five sections of the genus Tulipa L, represented by 23 taxa (22 species). However, there is a lack of detailed information about the distribution of Tulipa species in the natural geographic area of the Ferghana Valley. Therefore, to address this knowledge gap, we comprehensively investigated the spatial distribution of all Tulipa species in the valley. To assess the spatial distribution, the entire area was divided into 32 squares consisting of four latitudinal and eight longitudinal zones. The results showed that latitudinal zones B and C with 15 and 13 taxa, respectively, along with five longitudinal zones (A5, B3, B4, C2, and C3) with 5 to 10 taxa were hotspots for this genus. Additionally, the spatial distributions of the species in terms of the corresponding state borders, mountain ranges, endemism, and conservation issues were assessed. The findings of this study provide comprehensive information about the distribution of Tulipa species to assist with conservation initiatives ultimately to ensure the survival of various species.

Predicting the potential distribution of the subalpine broad-leaved tree species, Betula ermanii Cham. under climate change in South Korea

  • Shin, Sookyung;Dang, Ji-Hee;Kim, Jung-Hyun;Han, Jeong Eun
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.246-254
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    • 2021
  • Subalpine and alpine ecosystems are especially vulnerable to temperature increases. Betula ermanii Cham. (Betulaceae) is a dominant broad-leaved tree species in the subalpine zone and is designated as a 'Climate-sensitive Biological Indicator Species' in South Korea. This study aimed to predict the potential distribution of B. ermanii under current and future climate conditions in South Korea using the MaxEnt model. The species distribution models showed an excellent fit (AUC=0.99). Among the climatic variables, the most critical factors shaping B. ermanii distribution were identified as the maximum temperature of warmest month (Bio5; 64.8%) and annual mean temperature (Bio1; 20.3%). Current potential habitats were predicted in the Baekdudaegan mountain range and Mt. Hallasan, and the area of suitable habitat was 1531.52 km2, covering 1.57% of the Korean Peninsula. With global warming, future climate scenarios have predicted a decrease in the suitable habitats for B. ermanii. Under RCP8.5-2070s, in particular, habitat with high potential was predicted only in several small areas in Gangwon-do, and the total area suitable for the species decreased by up to 97.3% compared to the current range. We conclude that the dominant factor affecting the distribution of B. ermanii is temperature and that future temperature rises will increase the vulnerability of this species.

Phylogeography of the Lessonia variegata species complex (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) in New Zealand

  • Zuccarello, Giuseppe C.;Martin, Peter
    • ALGAE
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.91-103
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    • 2016
  • A goal of phylogeography is to relate phylogenetic patterns to potential historic and contemporary geographic isolating events. Genetic breaks found in phylogeographic studies may denote boundaries between more generally applicable biogeographic regions. We investigated the distribution of Lessonia variegata, an important habitat forming alga, found on most rocky shores around New Zealand’s main islands, plus related species from surrounding waters. L. variegata has been shown to consist of four distinct cryptic species. Our aim was to compare the distribution of L. variegata with proposed bioregions; and to develop phylogeographic hypotheses to explain its present day distribution. Both a mitochondrial (atp8-sp) and plastid (RuBisCo spacer) marker, with different mutation rates, were used to gain information of the phylogenetic history of Lessonia. The data revealed high phylogeographic structuring and reciprocal endemism for all L. variegata cryptic species. One species (L. variegata / N) is confined to the northern part of the North Island of New Zealand; L. variegata / W is found at the southeast of the North Island and the northern South Island; L. variegata / K is endemic to the northeast South Island; and L. variegata / S is restricted to the southern part of the South Island. No overlapping areas of L. variegata species distribution were found. The data showed that genetic breaks in Lessonia do mostly correlate to bioregions, and highlight the importance of Cape Campbell at the northeast of the South Island and East Cape in the North Island, well known phylogeographic breaks, as a barrier between adjacent species.

Systematic Analysis of the Anticancer Agent Taxol-Producing Capacity in Colletotrichum Species and Use of the Species for Taxol Production

  • Choi, Jinhee;Park, Jae Gyu;Ali, Md. Sarafat;Choi, Seong-Jin;Baek, Kwang-Hyun
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2016
  • Paclitaxel (taxol) has long been used as a potent anticancer agent for the treatment of many cancers. Ever since the fungal species Taxomyces andreanae was first shown to produce taxol in 1993, many endophytic fungal species have been recognized as taxol accumulators. In this study, we analyzed the taxol-producing capacity of different Colletotrichum spp. to determine the distribution of a taxol biosynthetic gene within this genus. Distribution of the taxadiene synthase (TS) gene, which cyclizes geranylgeranyl diphosphate to produce taxadiene, was analyzed in 12 Colletotrichum spp., of which 8 were found to contain the unique skeletal core structure of paclitaxel. However, distribution of the gene was not limited to closely related species. The production of taxol by Colletotrichum dematium, which causes pepper anthracnose, depended on the method in which the fungus was stored, with the highest production being in samples stored under mineral oil. Based on its distribution among Colletotrichum spp., the TS gene was either integrated into or deleted from the bacterial genome in a species-specific manner. In addition to their taxol-producing capacity, the simple genome structure and easy gene manipulation of these endophytic fungal species make them valuable resources for identifying genes in the taxol biosynthetic pathway.

Studies on the Distribution of Ants(Formicidae) in Korea (9) -Ant Fauna in Mt. Togyusan (한국산 개미의 분포에 관한 연구(9) -덕유산의 개미상-)

  • 최병문;방종렬
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.101-112
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    • 1992
  • For the studies of ant founa in Mt. Togyusan, we collected 476 colonies in 1986, 1989, and 1 1991. The communities of ants were composed of 4 subfamilies, 22 genera and 44 species. The a ants of Mt. Togyusan consisted of 21 species and 12 genera in Myrmicinae, 20 species of 6 g genera in Formicinae, 4 species of 3 genera in Ponerinae, and 1 species of 1 genera in D Dolichoderinae. The vertical distribution of the ants in Mt. Togyusan was distributed 41 species in 93% of total species at the altitude of 500 m. The upper limit line of vertical distribution was distributed of 5 species included Pacycondyla astutus and Messor aciculatus at the a altitude of 700 m, and 10 species included Ponera japonica, Leptothorax congrus, ,Lasius b brunneus, and Parairechina flaevipes at the altitude of 1000 m.

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Chytrid Distribution in Diverse Boreal Manitoba Sites

  • Lee, Eun-Ju
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.57-62
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    • 2000
  • Soil samples were collected in thirteen Manitoba boreal forest sites. Spatial distribution of chytrids from diverse boreal forest microhabitats was investigated by baiting with jack pine pollen. After baiting, the pollen was surveyed for chytrids for 8 ten day period and individual species were counted. Total infestations of pollen by chytrids ranged from 5.8% to 90.2% from various soils. Each site with high infestation was characterized by litter with high needle content while mineral soil or soil with limited organic matter yielded low levels of pollen infestation. Species diversity tended to be higher in soils with higher pollen infestation and lower in soils with lower pollen infestation. Lower diversity was generally observed in mineral soils or soils with a limited organic horizon comprised, in part, of broad leaf litter. Based on coefficients of association and species in common among species across the collection sites, it was possible to relate dominant species assemblages in site groups. These species assemblages in the site groups suggest that the chytrids are distributed by litter and soil types. It can be concluded that the substratum characteristics of litter types and availability of litter may be important in describing chytrid distribution in boreal forest sites.

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Dictyostelids in Mt. Paektu (백두산의 딕티오형 세포성 점균)

  • 심규철;강경미;장남기
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.21 no.5_2
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    • pp.557-565
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    • 1998
  • The occurrence and distribution of dictyostelid cellualr slime molds were investigated in forests of Mt. Paektu. Fourteen species were isolated from forest soils of thirteen sites as follows Dictyostelium minutum, D. brefeldianum, D. crassicaule, D. capitatum, D. mucoroides var. stoloniferum, D. macrocephalum, D. mucoroides, D. septentrionalis, D. purpureum, D. aureo-stipes, P. violaceum, P. pallidum and two unidentified speceis. Mean total clones and species found were 4,415.69 No./g and 2.92, respectively. Dominant species were D. minutum, D. brefeldianum and D. crassicaule in this study area, and first widespread species was D. minutum. All sepecies that found in Mt. Paektu were isolated from forests of South Korea. But dominant species was different from those of South Korea. Total clones and species were more in subalpine Eurya japonica than in low elevated abies nephrolepis. It was thought that distribution of dictyostelids was related to soil microenvironments by vegetation, not or not more elevation.

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Determination of Diversity, Distribution and Host Specificity of Korean Laccaria Using Four Approaches

  • Cho, Hae Jin;Park, Ki Hyeong;Park, Myung Soo;Cho, Yoonhee;Kim, Ji Seon;Seo, Chang Wan;Oh, Seung-Yoon;Lim, Young Woon
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.461-468
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    • 2021
  • The genus Laccaria (Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales) plays an important role in forest ecosystems as an ectomycorrhizal fungus, contributing to nutrient cycles through symbiosis with many types of trees. Though understanding Laccaria diversity and distribution patterns, as well as its association with host plants, is fundamental to constructing a balanced plant diversity and conducting effective forest management, previous studies have not been effective in accurately investigating, as they relied heavily on specimen collection alone. To investigate the true diversity and distribution pattern of Laccaria species and determine their host types, we used four different approaches: specimen-based analysis, open database search (ODS), NGS analysis, and species-specific PCR (SSP). As a result, 14 Laccaria species have been confirmed in Korea. Results regarding the species distribution pattern were different between specimen-based analysis and SSP. However, when both were integrated, the exact distribution pattern of each Laccaria species was determined. In addition, the SSP revealed that many Laccaria species have a wide range of host types. This study shows that using these four different approaches is useful in determining the diversity, distribution, and host of ECM fungi. Furthermore, results obtained for Laccaria will serve as a baseline to help understand the role of ECM fungi in forest management in response to climate change.