• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

Purpose: Analysis on the spatial configuration characteristics of dental department in medical center through examining outpatient department of medical center is necessary for the development of architectural planning of the dental healthcare system in Korea. This study has been performed to provide data for the planning of hospital architecture. Methods: Literature review of dental healthcare system and investigation on current status of dental department in medical center have been conducted. The plan and spatial configuration of seven medical centers in Seoul area have been analyzed. Results: The result of this study can be summarized in four points. The first one is that the clinical dental spaces are classified by dental school's dental hospital, dental department in medical center, dental hospital, private dental clinic, and public dental healthcare center in Korea. The second one is that the dental department in medical center is a result from medical law regulation and it is specified and subdivided with dental specialist system. The third one is that the types of the dental department in medical center are divided into independent type or comprehensive type according to the relationship with main outpatient department. The fourth one is that the spatial configuration of dental department in medical center is planned with 5-7 specialized departments and they are allocated in the dental department. Implications: In addition to the spatial configuration of dental department in medical center, it is necessary to analyze the other factors like circulation, relationship with other facilities in medical center to develop the dental healthcare system.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2008

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides forms an appressorium, a specialized infection structure, to infect its hosts. Among 400 and 600 culture filtrates from fungi and class Actinomycetes, six methanol extracts (A5005, A5314, A5387, A5560, A5597, and A5598) from the class Actinomycetes significantly inhibited appressorium formation in C. gloeosporioides infecting pepper fruits in a dose-dependent manner, while conidial germination was slightly enhanced. Two (A5005 and A5560) of them also exhibited distinctive inhibitory effect on the disease progress of pepper anthracnose. Water fractions of both culture filtrates also specifically inhibited appressorium formation in C. gloeosporioides and pepper anthracnose disease. Inhibition of appressorium formation by culture filtrate of A5005 was partially restored by the exogenous calcium. This results suggests that chemicals within A5005 extents its biological activity through disturbance of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ regulation during prepenetration morphogenesis by C. gloeosporioides. Together, cell-based and target-oriented screening system used in this study should be applicable for other plant pathogenic fungi prerequisite appressorium formation to infect their hosts.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2014

Cardiovascular system is the primary organ to develop and reach a functional state, which underscores the essential role of the vasculature in the developing embryo. The vasculature is a highly specialized organ that functions in a number of key physiological works including the carrying of oxygen and nutrients to tissues. It is closely involved in the formation of heart, and hence it is essential for survival during the hatching period. The expression of genes involved during vascular development in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the days after hatching is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined the expression patterns of genes activated during the development of flounder. Microscopic observations showed that formation of blood vessels is related to the expression of the vimentin gene. Also, the temporal expression patterns of this vimentin-like gene in the developmental stages and in the normal tissues of olive flounder. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression patterns of vimentin in normal tissues of the olive flounder and during the development of the vascular system in newly hatched olive flounders and HIF-1 plays a vital role in the formation of blood vessels during development. Vimentin expression was strong at the beginning of the development of blood vessels, and was present throughout all developmental stages. Our findings have important implications with respect to the roles of vimentin and HIF-1 in the development and evolution of the first blood vessels in olive flounder. Further studies are required to elucidate the vimentin-mediated hypoxic response signal transduction and to decipher the functional role of vimentin in developmental stages.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.339-346
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• 2008

Single-crystal $ZnIn_2S_4$ layers were grown on a thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs (100) substrate at $450^{\circ}C$ with a hot wall epitaxy (HWE) system by evaporating a $ZnIn_2S_4$ source at $610^{\circ}C$. The crystalline structures of the single-crystal thin films were investigated via the photoluminescence (PL) and Double-crystal X-ray rocking curve (DCRC). The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the $ZnIn_2S_4$ obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by Varshni's relationship, $E_g(T)=2.9514\;eV-(7.24{\times}10^{-4}\;eV/K)T2/(T＋489K)$. After the as-grown $ZnIn_2S_4$ single-crystal thin films was annealed in Zn-, S-, and In-atmospheres, the origin-of-point defects of the $ZnIn_2S_4$ single-crystal thin films were investigated via the photoluminescence (PL) at 10 K. The native defects of $V_{Zn}$, $V_S$, $Zn_{int}$, and $S_{int}$ obtained from the PL measurements were classified as donor or acceptor types. Additionally, it was concluded that a heat treatment in an S-atmosphere converted $ZnIn_2S_4$ single crystal thin films into optical p-type films. Moreover, it was confirmed that In in $ZnIn_2S_4$/GaAs did not form a native defects, as In in $ZnIn_2S_4$ single-crystal thin films existed in the form of stable bonds.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.67-93
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• 2022

This study purposes for the based data for establishing the mid- to long term development direction of Anyang municipal libraries by conducting a survey of residents in Anyang city and focus group interviews with local experts. Based on the results of the survey and FGI analysis conducted in this study, the main implications and discussions for establishing mid- to long term development plans for Anyang municipal libraries in the future are summarized as follows. First, the services used by users are extremely limited compared to the utilization rate of library, and the utilization rate of library programs is low, therefore Anyang municipal libraries need to actively promote various services operated by the library, provide information, and make efforts to improve service use procedures simply. Second, library satisfaction is relatively high, but as a result of analyzing the reasons for some dissatisfaction, active budget investment for purchasing new library materials and ways to increase library accessibility are necessary. Third, due to the low awareness of the operation of specialized libraries, it is necessary to develop specialized, unique library services to Anyang municipal libraries through benchmarking of other best practices. Fourth, in the future, Anyang municipal libraries need to strengthen functions as a complex cultural center along with the functions as an information center, a lifelong education center, and a living convenience center. Lastly, it is required to construct a control tower that can systematically lead the operation of Anyang municipal libraries in the long term through the reorganization of the organizational system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.455-462
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• 2013

As the protection of personal information has been appeared as a main issue in educational institutions, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (currently the Ministry of Education) opened InfoSec Training Center to train personnels of educational institutions in 2012. To achieve the purpose of the establishment of the centers, each center needs to identify training target, make training roadmap and design specialized training curriculum. The paper aims to develop criteria to evaluate training and operating levels of InfoSec Training Centers using AHP.

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2008

KMA (Korea Meteorological Society) and RSMC (Regional Specialized Meteorological Center) Tokyo - Typhoon Center isue 15/30 m/s radii in the TC (tropical cyclone) advisory for the information on the TC size. Meanwhile, JTWC Beaufort wind force scale, 34 kt and 64 kt correspond to the 'gale' and 'hurricane'. A ned to identify the range of the gale/hurricane wind from the TC bulletin of RSMC Tokyo or KMA that contains only 15/30 m/s radi motivates this study. An algorithm for estimating the radius of gale/huricane wind is developed by utilizing Holland's empirical formula on TC's wind-pressure relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2016

The feeding habits of juvenile Chaenogobius annularis were examined based on gut content analysis of 281 individuals, collected from May to June 2011 in the coastal water of Geoje, Korea. Copepods were the main source of food for C. annularis, which constituted 61.6% in IRI. Barnacle larvae was the second largest dietary component. Graphical analysis of the diet composition showed that C. annularis was a specialized predator characterized by strong individual feeding specialization. Both small and large size class of C. annularis mainly consumed harpacticoida and cirripedia cypris.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.10-14
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• 2010

Researchers in Korea and elsewhere have carried out a wide variety of important research activities in their respective fields, producing valuable research results. For such diverse research results to be shared and exchanged among researchers working in the same discipline and research subject there needs to be a community environment based on free utilization of information. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to classify and reprocess the reference/factual content owned by the KISTI (Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information), a state-run distributor of information on science and technology, by the different research subjects. It also seeks to develop and provide a community model based on the concepts of open archiving and open access for the researchers specialized in the related fields of research. This community model is developed focusing on the research results from the field of bioscience, where the most extensive studies are currently being conducted. To develop the community model, this study: (a) surveys the current status of the content owned by KISTI; (b) analyzes the patterns and characteristics of biological scientific content among the KISTI-owned content; and (c) designs a web platform where researchers can freely upload/download research results.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2008

Plants are continually exposed to a variety of potentially pathogenic microbes, and the interactions between plants and pathogenic invaders determine the outcome, disease or disease resistance. To defend themselves, plants have developed a sophisticated immune system. Unlike animals, however, they do not have specialized immune cells and, thus all plant cells appear to have the innate ability to recognize pathogens and turn on an appropriate defense response. Using genetic, genomic and biochemical methods, tremendous advances have been made in understanding how plants recognize pathogens and mount effective defenses. The primary immune response is induced by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). MAMP receptors recognize the presence of probable pathogens and evoke defense. In the co-evolution of plant-microbe interactions, pathogens gained the ability to make and deliver effector proteins to suppress MAMP-induced defense responses. In response to effector proteins, plants acquired R-proteins to directly or indirectly monitor the presence of effector proteins and activate an effective defense response. In this review we will describe and discuss the plant immune responses induced by two types of elicitors, PAMPs and effector proteins.