• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2008

In the national economy, rate of service industry is going up to compare with manufacture industry. In spite of getting lots of results to be introduced 6 sigma methodology in Korea, many service companies is suffering with trial and errors. Also 6 sigma isn't settled perfect yet. The reason for that, 6 sigma have been applied to various service without considering. Therefore, this research shows to you right practice plans for service industrial classification to check structural features and difference. So this research seeks methods for revitalization of 6 sigma methodology in service industry after checking existed research, case study for companies to be applied by 6 sigma. As the result, service industry is forecasted to contribute greatly in economic growth and employment enlargement through enlargement of service role in manufacturing industry production as well as by itself.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate its characteristics of the spatial compositions at several kindergartens in Daegu area. Through this, the study is intended to provide the basic data of the efficient building planning and facility operations in the kindergarten. The results of this study are as follows. 1) Recently, the spatial compositions of kindergarten was classified as education, educational aids, educational support, teacher / administration, and public service area. 2) The concept of special classroom space was set up in all the surveyed facilities. This space was used for small-scale events, meals, and game features. 3) Support staff, including teachers, are insufficient for the service space. 4) The size of total land area of the facility's public service area was affecting. 5) The Lobby and aisle space of the surveyed facilities was used as a multipurpose space. 6) In response to diverse educational content, the direction to plan should be seperated by multi-space.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.457-491
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• 2008

As stage equipment export markets along with special lighting service lack the attraction for already globally established businesses, such markets can be viewed as an advantageous opportunity for SMEs as in general. In reality, global businesses tend to focus on large construction projects and this indicates relatively less substantial markets such as stage equipment and special lighting service export are more suitable for SME businesses. However, possible problems may be recognized as following; doubtful capabilities by such businesses to join in the vast and competitive global market and pursue manufacturing and service based export. This point is also supported by the fact that such in general SME businesses have substantially less experience in exporting products and services abroad. Realizing the distinctive features of the Korean economy, it is unarguable that every sector and area of global market must be regarded and monitored closely. Hence, it can be argued that there is an imminent need for establishment of supportive institution to assist export process of combination of stage equipments and special lighting service. This study emphasizes the need to improve export process of stage equipments, special lighting services as well as other related products and services which have been focused in domestic market only until now. Further, it also analyzed the potential prospect of such direction reconciling current crisis our manufacturing industry is facing. Even though it maybe regarded as one of the niche market for export of Korea in the short term view, stage equipment and special lighting service industry may rapidly grow as the global cultural industries have grown along with the increase of national income earnings overall. Due to such advantageous features, it can be expected that such industries will show strong growth in the near future. After analyzing the fact that Korea's plants (eg. powerplants) export sector is at its boom, there is a need to transform stage equipment and special lighting service export market into a primary market from a secondary(niche) market for SMEs. This study is viewed from the Korean economic and export sector aspect in the aim of seeking a solution to conquest our realistic limit in our export sector by developing a suitable export model. There have been cases of very few attempts to expand abroad by SMEs who have failed miserably due to their failure to adapt to foreign culture, practice and languages as well as substantial lack in experience in export marketing. Despite this, neglecting our manufacturing industry as it is which is showing its limit and problems is out of option therefore, it is imminent that we come up with an effective measure to address this problem and service export can be suggested as one of them. This study reveals manufacturing-service export model of stage equipment and special lighting service and its related areas is recognized as a field with a very strong future and furthermore, it is expected to bring synergy effects in manufacturing and services sector as well. Further, the operation strategy contains combination, composition and fusion(convergence) of manufacturing and service sectors which could derive various of export products which displays greater success probability or this export model. The outcome of this research is expected to become a useful source for enterprises related to such industry which are seeking a possible global expansion. Furthermore, it is also expected to become a catalyst which fastens the process of global expansion and not only that, we are firmly assured that this study will become an opportunity to improve our current policies and institutions related to this area's export market.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2012

Success of any business solely is dependant on how to satisfy clients in healthcare-related industry. In the short history of Korea pet-care industry, there were not many guidelines on client satisfaction management of companion animal hospitals. The studies on many pet healthcare facilities were conducted based on their cost-benefits and the advantages of medical operation within special features of the traditional hospital management system. However the companion animal hospitals recently need to improve the service quality and client closed communication in keen competition on pet healthcare market. This study explores client satisfaction management could be the new issue of the veterinary hospital business. And it finally suggests of the critical factors affecting successful client satisfaction management of companion animal hospital based on the eight case studies.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.244-250
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• 2003

Various types of industry, from manufacturing industry to service industry, can be a subject of exhibition. So, subdivided studies about exhibition for each type of industry or field are necessary. However, there are still insufficient studies about them. Also, fashion industry related exhibitions should be classified differently from other industries' exhibitions because of their special features. Hence, this study examines that how an exhibition is utilized as a promotion means of a company and the present condition of a fashion exhibition. It also compares a fashion exhibition with other industrial exhibitions to suggest the effective operations and the progressive promotion of the fashion exhibition. This study uses questionnaire from 5 companies, which participated fashion related exhibitions. Data of this study is statistically analyzed using SPSS for window ver. 10.0 program. As a result of this study, fashion related companies' recognition of exhibitions has been increased. However, in terms of exhibition participation. attitudes such as pre-promotion or pre-education for the staff, who are in charge of the exhibition booths, and the outcome of the exhibition aren't maximized because the right understanding concerning exhibitions is lacking and long-term preparation is insufficient. Also, advertisement for the exhibitions isn't enough because of insufficient preparation and absence of pre-promotion, so consultation with promising buyers can't be activated. Even though there are consultations, the consultations don't have much effect.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2004

Various types of industry, from manufacturing industry to service industry, can be a subject of exhibition. So, subdivided studies about exhibition for each type of industry or field are necessary. However, there are still insufficient studies about them. Also, fashion industry related exhibitions should be classified differently from other industries' exhibitions because of their special features. Therefore, this study examines that how an exhibition is utilized as a promotion means of a company and the present condition of a fashion exhibition. It also compares a fashion exhibition with other industrial exhibitions to suggest the effective operations and the progressive promotion of the fashion exhibition. This study uses questionnaire from 140 companies for 5 exhibitions, which participated fashion related exhibitions. Data of this study is statistically analyzed using SPSS for window ver. 10.0 program. It also uses frequency, cross tabs, paired t-test, Independent Samples t-test. As a result of this study, fashion related companies' recognition of exhibitions has been increased. However; in terms of exhibition participation, attitudes such as pre-promotion or pre-education for the staff, who are in charge of the exhibition booths, and the outcome of the exhibition aren't maximized because the right understanding concerning exhibitions is lacking and long-term preparation is insufficient. Also, advertisement for the exhibitions isn't enough because of insufficient preparation and absence of pre-promotion, so consultation with promising buyers can't be activated. Even though there are consultations, the consultations don't have much effect.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.139-144
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• 2010

In the automotive electronic industry, the development of vehicle's door wiring harness (W/H) system for new applications is driven continuously for the low-cost and the high strength performance for electronic components. The problem of the fatigue strength estimation for materials and components containing natural defects, inclusions, or inhomogeneities is of great importance both scientifically and industrially. This article gives some insight into the dimensioning process with special focus on the fatigue analysis of wiring harness (W/H) in vehicle's door structures. The results from endurance tests using slim test specimens were compared with the results from FEM for predicted fatigue life. The expectation for the life of components is affected by the microstructural features with complex stress state arising from the combined service loading and residual stresses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.754-761
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• 2008

As the automobile industry and technologies are developed, driver's tend to more concern about service matters than mechanical matters. For this reason, interests about recognition of human knowledge and emotion to make safe and convenient driving environment for driver are increasing more and more. recognition of human knowledge and emotion are emotion engineering technology which has been studied since the late 1980s to provide people with human-friendly services. Emotion engineering technology analyzes people's emotion through their faces, voices and gestures, so if we use this technology for automobile, we can supply drivels with various kinds of service for each driver's situation and help them drive safely. Furthermore, we can prevent accidents which are caused by careless driving or dozing off while driving by recognizing driver's gestures. the purpose of this paper is to develop a system which can recognize states of driver's emotion and attention for safe driving. First of all, we detect a signals of driver's emotion by using bio-motion signals, sleepiness and attention, and then we build several types of databases. by analyzing this databases, we find some special features about drivers' emotion, sleepiness and attention, and fuse the results through Multi-Modal method so that it is possible to develop the system.

• Korean small business review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.67-93
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relations between financial constraints and dividend smoothing of innovative small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) listed on Korea Securities Market and Kosdaq Market of Korea Exchange. The innovative SMEs is defined as the firms with high level of R&D intensity which is measured by (R&D investment/total sales) ratio, according to Chauvin and Hirschey (1993). The R&D investment plays an important role as the innovative driver that can increase the future growth opportunity and profitability of the firms. Therefore, the R&D investment have large, positive, and consistent influences on the market value of the firm. In this point of view, we expect that the innovative SMEs can adjust dividend payment faster than the noninnovative SMEs, on the ground of their future growth opportunity and profitability. And also, we expect that the financial unconstrained firms can adjust dividend payment faster than the financial constrained firms, on the ground of their financing ability of investment funds through the market accessibility. Aivazian et al.(2006) exert that the financial unconstrained firms with the high accessibility to capital market can adjust dividend payment faster than the financial constrained firms. We collect the sample firms among the total SMEs listed on Korea Securities Market and Kosdaq Market of Korea Exchange during the periods from January 1999 to December 2007 from the KIS Value Library database. The total number of firm-year observations of the total sample firms throughout the entire period is 5,544, the number of firm-year observations of the dividend firms is 2,919, and the number of firm-year observations of the non-dividend firms is 2,625. About 53%(or 2,919) of these total 5,544 observations involve firms that make a dividend payment. The dividend firms are divided into two groups according to the R&D intensity, such as the innovative SMEs with larger than median of R&D intensity and the noninnovative SMEs with smaller than median of R&D intensity. The number of firm-year observations of the innovative SMEs is 1,506, and the number of firm-year observations of the noninnovative SMEs is 1,413. Furthermore, the innovative SMEs are divided into two groups according to level of financial constraints, such as the financial unconstrained firms and the financial constrained firms. The number of firm-year observations of the former is 894, and the number of firm-year observations of the latter is 612. Although all available firm-year observations of the dividend firms are collected, deletions are made in the case of financial industries such as banks, securities company, insurance company, and other financial services company, because their capital structure and business style are widely different from the general manufacturing firms. The stock repurchase was involved in dividend payment because Grullon and Michaely (2002) examined the substitution hypothesis between dividends and stock repurchases. However, our data structure is an unbalanced panel data since there is no requirement that the firm-year observations data are all available for each firms during the entire periods from January 1999 to December 2007 from the KIS Value Library database. We firstly estimate the classic Lintner(1956) dividend adjustment model, where the decision to smooth dividend or to adopt a residual dividend policy depends on financial constraints measured by market accessibility. Lintner model indicates that firms maintain stable and long run target payout ratio, and that firms adjust partially the gap between current payout rato and target payout ratio each year. In the Lintner model, dependent variable is the current dividend per share(DPS_t), and independent variables are the past dividend per share(DPS_t-1) and the current earnings per share(EPS_t). We hypothesized that firms adjust partially the gap between the current dividend per share(DPS_t) and the target payout ratio(Ω) each year, when the past dividend per share(DPS_t-1) deviate from the target payout ratio(Ω). We secondly estimate the expansion model that extend the Lintner model by including the determinants suggested by the major theories of dividend, namely, residual dividend theory, dividend signaling theory, agency theory, catering theory, and transactions cost theory. In the expansion model, dependent variable is the current dividend per share(DPS_t), explanatory variables are the past dividend per share(DPS_t-1) and the current earnings per share(EPS_t), and control variables are the current capital expenditure ratio(CEA_t), the current leverage ratio(LEV_t), the current operating return on assets(ROA_t), the current business risk(RISK_t), the current trading volume turnover ratio(TURN_t), and the current dividend premium(DPREM_t). In these control variables, CEA_t, LEV_t, and ROA_t are the determinants suggested by the residual dividend theory and the agency theory, ROA_t and RISK_t are the determinants suggested by the dividend signaling theory, TURN_t is the determinant suggested by the transactions cost theory, and DPREM_t is the determinant suggested by the catering theory. Furthermore, we thirdly estimate the Lintner model and the expansion model by using the panel data of the financial unconstrained firms and the financial constrained firms, that are divided into two groups according to level of financial constraints. We expect that the financial unconstrained firms can adjust dividend payment faster than the financial constrained firms, because the former can finance more easily the investment funds through the market accessibility than the latter. We analyzed descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and median to delete the outliers from the panel data, conducted one way analysis of variance to check up the industry-specfic effects, and conducted difference test of firms characteristic variables between innovative SMEs and noninnovative SMEs as well as difference test of firms characteristic variables between financial unconstrained firms and financial constrained firms. We also conducted the correlation analysis and the variance inflation factors analysis to detect any multicollinearity among the independent variables. Both of the correlation coefficients and the variance inflation factors are roughly low to the extent that may be ignored the multicollinearity among the independent variables. Furthermore, we estimate both of the Lintner model and the expansion model using the panel regression analysis. We firstly test the time-specific effects and the firm-specific effects may be involved in our panel data through the Lagrange multiplier test that was proposed by Breusch and Pagan(1980), and secondly conduct Hausman test to prove that fixed effect model is fitter with our panel data than the random effect model. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. The determinants suggested by the major theories of dividend, namely, residual dividend theory, dividend signaling theory, agency theory, catering theory, and transactions cost theory explain significantly the dividend policy of the innovative SMEs. Lintner model indicates that firms maintain stable and long run target payout ratio, and that firms adjust partially the gap between the current payout ratio and the target payout ratio each year. In the core variables of Lintner model, the past dividend per share has more effects to dividend smoothing than the current earnings per share. These results suggest that the innovative SMEs maintain stable and long run dividend policy which sustains the past dividend per share level without corporate special reasons. The main results show that dividend adjustment speed of the innovative SMEs is faster than that of the noninnovative SMEs. This means that the innovative SMEs with high level of R&D intensity can adjust dividend payment faster than the noninnovative SMEs, on the ground of their future growth opportunity and profitability. The other main results show that dividend adjustment speed of the financial unconstrained SMEs is faster than that of the financial constrained SMEs. This means that the financial unconstrained firms with high accessibility to capital market can adjust dividend payment faster than the financial constrained firms, on the ground of their financing ability of investment funds through the market accessibility. Futhermore, the other additional results show that dividend adjustment speed of the innovative SMEs classified by the Small and Medium Business Administration is faster than that of the unclassified SMEs. They are linked with various financial policies and services such as credit guaranteed service, policy fund for SMEs, venture investment fund, insurance program, and so on. In conclusion, the past dividend per share and the current earnings per share suggested by the Lintner model explain mainly dividend adjustment speed of the innovative SMEs, and also the financial constraints explain partially. Therefore, if managers can properly understand of the relations between financial constraints and dividend smoothing of innovative SMEs, they can maintain stable and long run dividend policy of the innovative SMEs through dividend smoothing. These are encouraging results for Korea government, that is, the Small and Medium Business Administration as it has implemented many policies to commit to the innovative SMEs. This paper may have a few limitations because it may be only early study about the relations between financial constraints and dividend smoothing of the innovative SMEs. Specifically, this paper may not adequately capture all of the subtle features of the innovative SMEs and the financial unconstrained SMEs. Therefore, we think that it is necessary to expand sample firms and control variables, and use more elaborate analysis methods in the future studies.