• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.271-276
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• 1997

The acute oral toxicity of organogermanium, Ge-132 was evaluated in rats andmice. The changes of body weight and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after the oral administration of Ge-132, from 0.31 g/kg up to 5 g/kg for SD rats and from 1.25 g/kg up to 5 g/kg for ICR mice. No death and toxic effects were observed for 14 days. The body weight of rats was significantly decreased 1 day after the administration in the maximum dosing group, but the decrease of body weight returned to control level 3 days after dosing. No significant changes in 132. Therefore, Ge-132 has no special toxic effects up to 5 g/kg, and LD* values of Ge-132 Ge-132 are above 5 g/kg in rats and mice.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.58-75
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• 1983

Indica${\times}$Japonica품종에 있어서 온도처리가 등숙에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 phytotron을 이용하여 Indica${\times}$Japonica품종(수원 264, 수원 258, 밀양 29) Indica 품종(IR 36. Lengkwang) Japonica 품종(진흥)을 공시 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 등숙기에 있어서 입중증가를 위한 최적온도는 주야온도 $26/18^{\circ}C$였고, 일평균온도 $13^{\circ}C$에서 $28^{\circ}C$까지의 범위에서는 온도를 높임에 따라 등숙기간이 짧아졌다. 2. 온도조건$(32/24^{\circ}C)$에서의 상위부 영화(Special)의 개화후 입중이 최대가 되기까지에는 IR36 13일, 진흥 23일, Indica${\times}$Japonica품종(수원 264, 수원 258, 밀양 29) 18일 및 Lengkwang 23일이 요구되었다. 3. Lengkwang의 경우 주야온도 $32/24^{\circ}C,\;29/21^{\circ}C,\;26/18^{\circ}C$의 3개 처리온도 범위에서는 개화후 입중의 최대시기가 동시에 나타났다. 4. 저온조건 $(17/9^{\circ}C)$에서 등숙기간이 진흥 68일, Lengkwang 53일의 장기간이 소요되었다. 5. 일수가 완전히 등숙하는데는 상위부 영화들의 등숙보다 하위부 영화의 등숙은 15일정도 늦어졌다. 6. 저온조건하에서 $(17/9^{\circ}C,\;20/12^{\circ}C)$ IR36은 개화후 15일 이내에 고사되었으나 Indica${\times}$Japonica 품종들은 $17/9^{\circ}C$에서만 고사되고 $20/12^{\circ}C$에서는 초기등숙이 정체되었다가 2주일후부터 등숙이 서서히 시작되었다. 7. 온도조건에 따른 복백미의 형성은 최적온도$(26/18^{\circ}C)$로부터 최저나 최고조건에서 많았고 사미 및 적미도 같은 경향으로 나타났다. 8. 현미립의 길이 및 두께 폭에 대한 영향을 보면 저온조건$(17/9^{\circ}C\;20/12^{\circ}C)$에서 짧거나, 얇고, 좁은 편이었다. 9. 온도별 립중분포의 빈도를 보면 IR36은 최고온도조건이나 $(32/24^{\circ}C)$ 최저온도$(23/13^{\circ}C)$에서 동일한 립중분포를 보였고 최적온도조건에서는 $(26/18^{\circ}C$ 높은 립중분포를 보였고 진흥은 최고, 최저, 최적온도 순으로 립중증가의 빈도를 보였으며 Indica${\times}$Japonica 품종들은 진흥과 IR36품종의 중간 영역에 머물고 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to develop the tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) sprouts and to clarify the biological and chemical characteristics of the sprouts. At 7 days after seeding, hypocotyls length and thickness, and root length of tartary buckwheat sprouts were 137 cm, 1.4 mm, and 12.6 cm, respectively. Fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture contents of an individual sprout at 7 days after seeding were 202 mg, 5.4 mg, and 95.3%, respectively. Protein content in tartary buckwheat sprouts was 23.0% which relatively higher than that of seeds, while lipid and ash contents were 3.5% and 5.3%. Among 7 minerals, the content of phosphorus showed the highest level (1,383.5 mg/100 g), while the contents of sodium and potassium were 1,197.5 mg/100 g and 1,106 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of other minerals were Mg (795.5 mg/100 g), Ca (149 mg/100 g), Zn (16.4 mg/ 100 g), and Fe (14.7 mg/100 g). The rutin content of tatary buckwheat sprouts including root parts was the highest (5644.9 mg/100 g) at 7 days after seeding. The concentration of catechin derivatives in tartary buckwheat sprouts was high in order of catechin (59 mg/100 g), epicatechin gallate (47 mg/100 g), and epicatechin (14 mg/100 g).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.431-434
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• 2005

Objective : Subarachnoid hemorrhage[SAH] is commonly associated with polyuria [solute diuresis or water diuresis]. The authors investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of polyuria with special reference to the administration of osmotic diuretics. Methods : One hundred and forty eight patients with high urine output [>200ml/hr] after ruptured cerebral aneurysm operated early from Jan 1998 to Jun 2003 were selected. Water diuresis [diabetes insipidus, DI] was differentiated from solute diuresis by lower urine specific gravity [<1.005] and higher plasma osmolality. The incidence and mode of onset of polyuria were compared between two types of diuresis. Additionally, the relationships between development of polyuria and clinical features including aneurysm location, clinical grade, Fisher grade, and outcome were analyzed. Osmotic diuretics were not routinely used in patients with Hunt-Hess grade I-III since July 2001. Results : Annual incidence of polyuria decreased markedly since July 2001 : 45.2% in 1998, 34.5% in 2001, 11.9% in 2003. Postoperative DI occurred in $2.4{\sim}11.1%$. DI developed mainly from ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. The mean interval between the last SAH and the onset of DI was 7.1 days [range $1{\sim}27$ days] and lasted mean 4.6 days. When compared with solute diuresis, the development of DI was significantly delayed. Other clinical features were not closely related to polyuria. Conclusion : Uncontrolled polyuria may lead to cerebral ischemia and electrolyte imbalance because SAH patients are already predisposed to hypovolemia, and will risk precipitating the opposite situation with overhydration. We can decrease the development of polyuria without routine use of osmotic diuretics, by avoiding the increased intracranial pressure such as the intraoperative ventriculostomy and gentle brain retraction in good grade patients.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2017

본 연구는 전력수요 패턴이 다른 평일과 특수일 데이터가 가지는 상관관계를 분석하여, 별도의 데이터 셋을 구축하고, 각 데이터 셋에 적합한 딥 러닝 네트워크를 이용하여, 전력수요예측 오차를 감소하는 방안을 제시하였다. 또한, 기본적인 전력수요 예측요소인 기상요소에 환경요소, 구분요소 등 다양한 예측요소를 추가하여 예측율을 향상하는 방안을 제시하였다. 전체데이터는 시계열 데이터 학습에 적합한 LSTM을 이용하여 전력수요예측을 하였으며, 특수일 데이터는 DNN을 이용하여 전력수요예측을 하였다. 실험결과 기상요소 이외의 예측요소 추가를 통해 예측율이 향상되었다. 전체 데이터 셋의 평균 RMSE는 LSTM이 0.2597이며, DNN이 0.5474로 LSTM이 우수한 예측율을 보였다. 특수일 데이터 셋의 평균 RMSE는 0.2201로 DNN이 LSTM보다 우수한 예측율을 보였다. 또한, 전체 데이터 셋의 LSTM의 MAPE는 2.74 %이며, 특수 일의 MAPE는 3.07 %를 나타냈다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.431-435
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• 2009

본 실험은 미성숙 즉 미착색과의 착색 증진을 위해 LED광원의 적색광, 청색광 그리고 UVa를 각각 두 가지 광도로 처리하여 처리에 따른 착색정도를 비교하였다. 실험에 사용한 착색단고추 품종은 적색 계통의 'Special'과 황색 계통의 'Helsinki'으로 춘천 근교 농가에서 수경재배 하였다. LED의 경우 Red_High는 $50{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 내외, Red_Low는 $20{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 내외, Blue_High는 $70{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 내외, Blue_Low는 40{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 내외, UVa의 경우 고광도는 $3{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 저광도는 $0.25{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$로 처리하였다. 품종에 상관없이 처리 2일 후에 과실의 착색이 급격히 진행되었고 3일째에 처리별로 큰 차이를 보였다. 'Special'의 경우 2일째 고광도 UVa광이 제일 급격한 착색 변화를 나타내었고, 저광도 UVa를 제외한 나머지 처리구에서는 비슷한 착색의 변화을 나타내었다. 처리 3일째에는 고광도 LED 적색광이 급격한 착색변화를 나타내며 고광도 UVa광보다 높은 착색 값을 나타내었다. 'Helsinki' 경우에는 2일째에 청색광, 적색광, UVa의 순으로 착색 변화가 빠르게 진행되었다. 두 품종 모두 3일째에는 'Special'의 $a^*/b^*$ 값과 황색품종 'Helsinki'의 착색 정도를 나타내는 $b^*$ 값이 모두 저광도보다 고광도에서 높은 값을 나타내며 착색 증진 효과를 나타내었다. 착색종료일인 처리후 6일째 두품종 모두 무처리구와 저광도 UVa광을 제외한 나머지 모든 처리구에서는 비슷한 값을 나타내었다. UVa 처리구 과실의 표면이 주글거리는 피해를 발생하였다. 이상의 결과로 저광도보다는 고광도의 LED 광원을 사용하는 것이 착색이 빠르게 진행될 수 있도록 도우며, UVa 파장은 과실의 외관에 피해를 입히기 때문에 적합하지 않게 생각된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.2215-2220
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• 2011

The accurate short-term load forecasting is essential for the efficient power system operation and the system marginal price decision of the electricity market. So far, errors of load forecasting for Chuseok Holiday are very big compared with forecasting errors for the other special days. In order to improve the accuracy of load forecasting for Chuseok Holiday, selection of input data, the daily normalized load patterns and load forecasting model are investigated. The efficient data selection and daily normalized load pattern based on fuzzy linear regression model is proposed. The proposed load forecasting method for Chuseok Holiday is tested in recent 5 years from 2006 to 2010, and improved the accuracy of the load forecasting compared with the former research.

• 한국정보컨버전스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보컨버전스학회 2008년도 International conference on information convergence
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• pp.89-92
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• 2008

This study analyzed the status and causes for the dropouts of college based on the survey conducted among 14,210 freshmen attending D College, other than the supernumerary special selection, from 2001 through 2005. A significant difference was shown in all items of general characteristics. The dropout rate of women, generally selected and general high school graduated were higher than for men, specially selected and special high school graduated, respectively. The most dropouts were due to Not Return(40.16%), followed by Unenrolled(32.98%), Voluntary Leave(26.05%) and Expelled(0.81%) in order. In the distribution of the central tendency values measured from the entire subjects. the high school records and the days of absence showed a positive skewness. while the college records showed a negative skewness with the data mostly around a higher grade. The standard deviation indicating that the dropouts got the scores higher than those of the continuing students demonstrated that there was relatively insignificant difference in scores between two groups.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.253-256
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• 2016

In this paper, the power system with electric vehicles is analyzed considering the mobility and diffusion rate of electric vehicles in the smart grid environment. In the previous studies, load modeling and load composition rates have been researched and the results are applied to develop a new load model to explain the mobility of electric vehicles which could affect on the power system status such as power flow and stability. The results would be utilized to research and develop power system analysis methods considering movable charging characteristics of electric vehicles including movable discharging characteristics which could be affected by the diffusion progress of electric vehicles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1316-1322
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• 2000

Data were compiled and statistically analyzed on the lactation of 50% and 75% Thai native-Friesian crossbred and purebred Friesian cows that were fed at a national institute in Chiang Mai, Thailand. More than 30% higher milk production was obtained in the 75% crossbred compared with that in the 50%, but this amount of milk production in the upgraded breed was still about half that of purebred Friesians; 2,138 kg, least squares means during an average lactation period of 279 days in the 50% crossbred, 2,847 kg during 277 days in the 75% crossbred and 5,585 kg during 308 days in the purebred. Environmental stress due to tropical climate was alleviated by the use of electric fans and water sprinklers in the feeding house during the hot season, and improved diet seemed to enable purebred Friesians to keep their ability to produce a milk quantity of more than 6,500 kg per year. This special care was not given to crossbreds and significantly negative correlations were found between daily minimum temperature and humidity during the initial 100 days of lactation and total milk production and average daily milk yield in the 75% crossbreds. However, these correlations were not found in the 50% crossbreds.