• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.627-632
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• 2003

Piglets communicate with their sow by using special sounds and synchronize their suckling behavior with their mother’s grunting. This study sought to find an effective sound for controlling the nursing/suckling behavior of pigs. Eighteen crossbred Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire sows and their piglets were studied on days 1, 7, and 14 post-partum. The parity of the sows was three or four. The litter size ranged from 9 to 11, with a mean of 10.4 piglets. Thirty minutes after the end of the last suckling, either the nursing-suckling sound (NSS) or the nursing-suckling sound + click sound (NSSCS) was played for 90 s randomly, and this experiment was repeated three times. The behavior of the sows and their piglets was recorded using camcorders and observed each second. When comparing NSS and NSSCS, there was less lying and sleeping and more sitting, standing, walking, and massaging when NSSCS was played than when NSS was played. These results suggest that NSSCS may induce more nursing and suckling in pigs than NSS.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.195-206
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• 1980

Fish were grown in a water recycling rearing system consisting of a filter system, of which the area is about $30\;m^2$ and the volume of filter gravels is about $15\;m^3$, 6 rearing and 2 supplementary tans about $7\;m^2$ of surface area each. The results for 180 days from April 18 to October 14,1980 are summarized as following: One rearing tank was used for main experiment stocked with an equal number, and weight of each Israeli strain and $F_1$, hybrid between this strain and Korean local strain of common carp. Gross total production was 461 kg with a net production of 395 kg, and the Israeli strain grew to about 8 times initial weight and the hybrid about 6 times. Based on an analysis of results of the above mentioned main experiment and the other miscellaneous fish grown in the remaining tanks, it was considered to be feasible to implement a commercial production in this system by improving parts of the system and adding a number of the units. A special problem seems to be an adoption of more effective aeration device when fish loading increases. A solid waste removal system was deviced by use of by-pass flow ana this system worked very efficiently in view of supply water economy. A serious problem encountered in this experiment was heavy outbreaks of the gill-fluke, Dactylogyrus sp. which was relatively easily eradicated with Dipterex or DDVP treatment in the first trials, but later on strains which were resistant to any of these chemicals appeared.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.30
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• pp.1-25
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• 2013

The present study explores the problem of the placelessness and alienation through spaces of redevelopment in South Korean animation film since the 2000's. Actual space in South Korean society has been destroyed and changed unceasingly, and, in that space, humans have experienced existential conflict. While the swift development of digital technology has transcended physical restrictions to form one great network, humans are still limited as materially based beings. The recent steps in South Korean animation film are noteworthy because sociocultural changes since the 1990's and the relationship between the individual and the system are perceived in ways different from those of the past. and , the works analyzed in the present study, reveal the special sense of place in South Korean society, where the destructive reorganization of space leads to the instability of life. By intentionally bypassing a sense of place and the authority automatically bestowed on representational images, these works prompt the viewer to reexamine the relationship between reality and images. Space in these two works are presented representationally but immediately destroyed, and humans or the characters in the works accept this unfeelingly. The loss of place, which is committed by the massive system, and listless humans' weakness and alienation in response are depicted as signs of sociocultural abnormality. By showing the destructive loss of place and individuals who respond with self-anesthesia and self-estrangement, these works open viewers' eyes to South Korean society, where not only social alienation but also self-alienation is occurring. By perceiving South Korean animation film as a sociocultural phenomenon and analyzing it through the concepts of the placelessness and alienation, the present study seeks to expand further discussions on animation film.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2001

Now our ocean environment pollution is very serious. Its harm hinders in marine breeding and the safe navigation of ships at the coast. We have used an assembly system for a measure taken against environment pollution like this. But, here are some problems awaiting solution. First, most of combustible materials among ocean waste are high polymer, so it is necessary some special equipment to incinerate them. In the process we can't overlook air pollution by exhaust gas. Also, when we reclaim these wastes, we remember that they can't be decomposed naturally and leaking water may pollute soil. Thus now a days new treatment method has been developed, it recycles and doesn't product secondary pollution materials by recovering oil from pyrolysis. For it, this study investigated chemicalㆍphysical properties of wastes. And it found condition of recovering the most oil. Also it probed that the variation of temperature raising speed affects the weight reduction characteristics of wastes. Also, while studying recovered oil by waste pyrolysis and the rate of non-condensing gas in accordance with the variation of temperature raising speed. Finally we had confidence the development of pyrolysis oil recovery would succeed because we carried out evaluation at an economic point of view about it.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.44
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• pp.139-167
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• 2015

It is known that Psychopathy is excessively selfish, using as a tool to achieve the purpose to others, irresponsible, easy liars in common. They were recognized that it is people of harmful to society, impulsive, attacking others body, ignorant others safety, enjoying or callousing others suffers. But, another aggressive behaviors are described as pro-social aggressive acts as the cops bring under control by firearms to hostage committing a crime in social norms. The proper aggression is related with national security and safety of the people that is pro-social aggression for nation and human society. Security service with the legal grounds and the convinced commitment needs self-giving works, self-sacrificial security-activity is in the center of security service. These days, psychologists reveal the people of psychopathy are CEO, politician, broadcaster, surgeon, special forces, police officer. And they distinguish themselves and contribute to a community in various fields. Therefor, this research wanted to find out the relationship between fearlessness, coldheartedness in the PPI-R(applying to the university student for checking psychopathy, except anti-social traits) and pro-social aggression, self-sacrificial security-activity.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.2 s.30
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• pp.7-22
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• 2002

Architectural style is said to be product reflecting political, social and cultural condition. Especially, in colony, architectural style is strongly related to political condition or policy. After colonization in 1910, public buildings with western historical architectural style in Japanese version were widely built by Japanese colonial government in Korea. And in the late 1920s, modernism style in architecture became dominant in Korea as like other countries. In this situation, curious buildings in strange architectural styles came out. One example is railroad station buildings with traditional Korean architectural style and timber house station having a steep roof which is widely used in North Europe such as Alps area with good sights and mountains. Generally, the colonizer says that colonization is the only way to save the colony at crisis defined by colonizer and they insist that they can help the colony modernize. To justify colonization, the colonizer attributes the colonization to the characteristics of the nation and stagnation of the traditional culture etc.. Accordingly, the colonizer tries to depreciate colony's traditional value and culture. In case of colony which has similar cultural background historically (in this case, economical exploitation is less important than other Asian colony by European power), this depreciation of traditional value and culture in Korea was done more strongly than others. At this time, we should understand special relation between Korea and Japan historically. Even though, colony's locality is adopted by the colonizer in public fields, which is based on political purpose or exotic taste etc.. In early days of Japanese ruling period, Japan never use the Korean traditional facts in public. Therefore there is no use of Korean traditional architectural style in public field. In late 1920s, some railroad station buildings were constructed in new styles without precedence in modern Korea. One is railroad station buildings in Korean traditional architectural style, the other is railroad station buildings in timber house stations having a steep roof which is different form western historical architectural style. It was mystery that Japan had constructed railroad stations in Korean traditional style which Japan had tried to destroy together with Western style railroad station buildings. This paper is made to solve the mystery why the colonizer(Japan) constructed entirely different types of railroad stations at the same time in the late 1920s and 1930s. The key point to solve this mystery is tourism. In this paper, to solve this mystery, I try to use terminology' 'Colonial Tourism' in architecture why colonial power had constructed railroad stations with colony's traditional architectural style and Western style having a steep roof which can be seen north European region.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.713-718
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• 2009

Advanced industries-IT, BT, NT and ET are rapidly developing in 21 century. And the cement industry is becoming the principal factor in air pollution because of the creation of $CO_2$ during manufacturing. Also, the cement industry will be faced with a crisis due to the exhaustion of natural resources. In this study, nano cement by Bottom-up method of a chemical synthesis was developed. The generation of $CO_2$ during the plasticization process of cement manufacturing was avoided. The purpose was to produce building materials that have both high strength and durability as the high value-added growth engine industry of the 21 century. The nano cement was developed using hydrothermal synthesis. This is a method of mixing after ripening, by manufacturing the high density gel and low gel, which does not require special test equipment or pressure conditions to produce. Particle size, SEM, EDX, and porosity tests were conducted. This study investigated the compressive strength of concrete with various compositions. Specimens were tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The medium-sized (50% by weight) cement particles created by chemical synthesis were less than 168 nm. The compressive strength of the mortar prepared using this cement was 53.9 MPa. But it was judged that succeeding study will be necessary for development of nano building materials with high ability and economical analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.103-128
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• 2002

As a result of trying the various manufacturing methods considering the reality of manpower and equipments with this manual, the following standardized procedures and contents can be suggested. (1) Since tools presenting Rock-Drill data must formalize the order of explanation although explainers are different, it will be valid that it is configured by existing power point method rather than by web document type. Composition of contents are selected on the basis of defence card and survey and then 8 items including initial screen, peripheral conditions, mobilization route, general conditions, use and structure by floor, department of vehicle consideration in activities and end screen are included. (2) Making methods and cautions of data included and used in power point are as follows ; - It was most effective that objects of fire fighting and location of neighboring fire fighting water were expressed by electronic map and drawing of inner building was made by scanning it after paining general architecture drawing(plan by each floor) rather than using drawing tools of EXCEL program or CAD drawing. And it was helpful to simplify contents of architecture drawing to wall, stairs and gate in understanding them. - Photographing of video data should be taken to show available fire fighting facilities in fire, use of planned space and the whole inner structure of each floor from the inside of fire fighting buildings and to display play time between 10 sec. and 1 min, for obstacles to distance from adjacent buildings or passage of special vehicles and fire fighting water from the outside of the building. - File format of video data taken in this way is most suitable to use wmv(window media video) or asf(advanced streaming format) type in consideration of time required for export, screen quality, file capacity and play type in Rock-Drill through network. - Still screen(photo) is more effective to express the department of fire fighting vehicles or other equipments than using video. (3) In configuration work of power point, hyper link was used most and configured to see any part at any situation like web document and then uniformity of presentation order of power point was complemented. (4) In case of sales facilities with the area of $35.557m^2$, the time of 22 hours and 30 minutes for five days was taken with five persons. Therefore, when eight-hour works a day were calculated, the whole process of video work for Rock-Drill can be finished with three day works.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.24
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• pp.59-82
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• 1995

All kinds of art are the creatures of the daly and reflect the society and the life of the day in literary works. So, in which literary works, we can find the styles of those who lived in the specified days. And the styles of its character's costume are expressed with the day'mood and cultural backgrounds. In this study, we studied on the general meaning, which was shown in the Costume of early Ch'ing Dynasty that was forming the Costume of dress through dividing into the underwear and the outer garment in $\ulcorner$Dream of the read Chamber$\lrcorner$. During the Ch'ing Dynasty, according to the rule : Men followed it but women not" , they held on to the costume of them (both the Man and the Han) with a high pressure and a conciliatory policy. As a result, I have known that there is the Soojean clothe(수전의), which is the late Myung Dynasty's one and their is also Skirt (군), which held on the Costume of the Myung's. Hence in the Ch'ing , there are a lot of difference in the Costume , the economy and the politic because the ruler was not the han but the Ch'ing. Those characters are as follows. first, on the side of the style , it is occured in the coat and the over jacket of the round neckline. The style of the sleeves are also the tightly(고착). Second, on the side o f the material, the use of the furs are found. It seems that are influence of the north area. Third, it is involved not the traditional Costume of the Han, but the over jacket(which is waistlength), These characters had taken root into the Costume of the Ch'ing Dynasty. In case of the jacket, which are found in the novel most frequently , it was represented by the tight jacket (소오), the long jacket (대오), the short jacket(단오) and the Sam (삼). The skirt was used by women only. the Slacks were trousers only for men, so it was not foujnd in the women's wear. In the vest, the over jacket and coat, which are for putting on, its material, insiqnia and varied embroidery are very brillant and elaborate. The used materials are the silks , furs, wools and cottons. Among the dick silks are used most frequently . in case of the over jacket, the precious and varied furs are used for the collar, the sleeve or the decoration and the lining cloth. In the novel, mean followd the Costume of the Man and women followed the Costume of the Han. Especially, it is a special costume that there were women in male attire. Finally, the costume of the Ch'ing had built the unique one with holding on the advantage and the short point s of the northen race and the Han's. Also , I can find the brilliant , eleborate Customes of the aristocratic class in the novel.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-116
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• 2013

Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency, "K-MEDI" in abbr. herein-after, is established on Apr. 9, 2012 according to the law cited in the title above for the purpose of settling medical disputes in a prompt, fair and efficient manner. Two special professional organizations are established in K-MEDI, one of them is Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Committee(hereinafter referred to as the "Mediation Committee") and the other Medical Malpractice Appraisal Board(hereinaf-ter referred to as the "Appraisal Board"), the mission of the latter is to investigate the facts concerning the disputed medical conduct and to research as to and apprai-se whether the medical conduct was negligent and whether a causal relationship exists. Each panel organized in the Mediation Committee or the Appraisal Board shall be comprised of five mediators or appraisers, including necessarily a judge or a prose-cutor respectively and any disputed case regardless of the scale, the importance or the complicacy shall be handled by a panel. As the system is not thought efficient or economic, the number of the members comprising a panel or total members com-prising the Mediation Committee or the Appraisal Board shoud be adjusted, and the process shoud be versified, including the "Rapid Process," for instance. A petition for the mediation of a medical dispute shall be rejected if the respondent fails to notify K-MEDI of his/her intention to accede to the mediation within 14days from the day on which the petition for the mediation was served(Art. 27 Cl. 7). As the option of an arbitrary decision whether the mediation proceedings shall be commenced or not given to the respondent by the clause is thought unfair, making the process unstable, and moreover, diminishing the purpose of the system established by the law cited above for solving the medical disputes, the clause shoud be amended not to allow the respondent the option of such an arbitrary deci-sion. K-MEDI shall conduct the "Program for Compensation of Medical Accidents"(Art 46) according to which unavoidable injuries caused by the medical accidents in the cour-se of childbirth and the "Advances for Damages"(Art. 47) that are the compensating moneys paid to victims in medical malpractice cases who fail to receive money at all or partly from the operator or the professional of a public health or medical institution although he/she has a final and conclusive right to be paid by them. Some operators or professionals of such institutions claim that both the programs violate their fundamental rights assured by the constitution, and that it be a justifica-tion of refusal to accede to the mediation. As any of the programs needs not to be conducted by K-MEDI, it may be a proper solution to change the conductor of the programs to avoid the unproductive controversy.