• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of stride time and stride length provided by a commercial APDM inertial sensor system (APDM) with the results of three dimensional motion capture system (3D motion) during treadmill walking. Method: Five healthy men participated in this experiment. All subjects walked on the treadmill for 3 minutes at their preferred walking speed. The 3D motion and the APDM were simultaneously used for extracting gait variables such as stride time and stride length. Mean difference and root mean squared (RMS) difference were used to compare the measured gait variables from the two measurement devices. The regression equation derived from the range of motion of the lower limb was also applied to correct the error of stride length. Results: The stride time extracted from the APDM was almost the same as that from the 3D motion (the mean difference and RMS difference were less than 0.0001 sec and 0.0085 sec, respectively). For stride length, mean difference and RMS difference were less than 0.1141 m and 0.1254 m, respectively. However, after correction of the stride length error using the derived regression equation, the mean difference and the RMS difference decreased to 0.0134 m and 0.0556 m or less, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed the possibility of using the temporal variables provided from the APDM during treadmill walking. By applying the regression equation derived only from the range of motion provided by the APDM, the error of the spatial variable could be reduced. Although further studies are needed with additional subjects and various walking speeds, these results may provide the basic data necessary for using APDM in treadmill walking.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.453-468
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• 2016

This study is a result of experiment to recognize geometric and spacial conceptions for early childhood. This researcher had built up Mandala figures which was an intermediary between consciousness and unconsciousness, and then have studied about early childhood's geometric and spatial concepts by using Mandala figures. In this paper, authors have studied fractal art activities of early childhood as a follow-up study, since the structure of fractal art is similar to Mandala. As a result, three years old young children have significant correlation in four areas(figure perception, visual discrimination, position-in space perception and visual memory), but five years old young children have significant in three areas(figure perception, position-in space perception and visual memory). For five years old group, there is some difference between boys and girls, also they had described for their art activities like real models.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2004

A long-term growth simulation was performed at 99 land units in Yeoncheon county to test the potential adaptability of each land unit for growing soybean cultivars. The land units for soybean cultivation(CZU), each represented by a geographically referenced land patch, were selected based on land use, soil characteristics, and minimum arable land area. Monthly climatic normals for daily maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, number of rain days and solar radiation were extracted for each CZU from digital climate models(DCM). The DCM grid cells falling within a same CZU were aggregated to make spatially explicit climatic normals relevant to the CZU. A daily weather dataset for 30 years was randomly generated from the monthly climatic normals of each CZU. Growth and development parameters of CROPGRO-soybean model suitable for 2 domestic soybean cultivars were derived from long-term field observations. Three foreign cultivars with well established parameters were also added to this study, representing maturity groups 3, 4, and 5. Each treatment was simulated with the randomly generated 30 years' daily weather data(from planting to physiological maturity) for 99 land units in Yeoncheon to simulate the growth and yield responses to the inter-annual climate variation. The same model was run with input data from the Crop Experiment Station in Suwon to obtain a 30 year normal performance of each cultivar, which was used as a "reference" for evaluation. Results were analyzed with respect to spatial and temporal variation in yield and maturity, and used to evaluate the suitability of each land unit for growing a specific cultivar. A computer program(MAPSOY) was written to help utilize the results in a decision-making procedure for agrotechnology transfer. transfer.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analysis of effectiveness between cognitive function assessment scores and gaming cognitive rehabilitation system in children with intellectual impairment. Methods: Five children (male=5, $age=10.00{\pm}0.80$) with intellectual impairment participated in this study and were randomly assigned to the experiment that played (received) gaming cognitive rehabilitation system (Neuroworld). The children were applied 2 times a week for 30 minutes during 3 months. The children were assessed K-WSIC-VI (Korean-Wechsler intelligence scale for children-fourth edition) and recorded that gained score in gaming cognitive rehabilitation system before and after intervention. K-WSIC-VI contained five primary index scores: verbal comprehension index, visual spatial index, fluid reasoning index, working memory index, and processing speed index. Gaming cognitive rehabilitation system scoring was composed visual recall, target recall, sequence recall, selective attention, continuous attention, and exploration. Results: In the intelligence quotient (IQ) of K-WSIC-VI, there were significant increased in all children. The visual recall item was highest effective in all children. However, sequential recall showed the lowest improvement in all children. The performance speed of selective attention item was decreased, this means that children's skills have improved. Also, their ability to explore has improved significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, gaming cognitive rehabilitation system was significant effectiveness in cognitive function in some categories for children with intellectual impairment. However, the visual recall and performance speed don't represent of all cognitive function. Therefore, further studies will need to verify by applying more subject and longer duration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

In this paper, we studied additional filter and Ion chamber combinations to reduce patient dose without decreasing image quality in digital chest x-ray projection. The experiment set 125 kVp, 320 mA, AEC mode. Ion chamber sensors was divided by 4 cases of combinations, then, we measured patient dose and calculated organ dose using PCXMC. Also, physical image assessment using MTF was performed. As a results, The surface entrance dose and organ dose were the lowest when selecting both left and right Ion chamber sensors under the same conditions of additional filter. In image quality assessment, The spatial frequency scored 2.494 lp/mm which was highest when selecting both right and left Ion-chambers and 0.1 mmCu filter. And to conclude, to select both right and left Ion chamber sensors and 0.1 mmCu filter will help for acquiring good quality image as well as reducing patient dose.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2008

The face extraction is very important to provide the images of the roads and road sides without the problem of privacy. For face extraction form roadside images, we detected the skin color area by using HSI and YCrCb color models. Efficient skin color detection was achieved by using these two models. We used a connectivity and intensity difference for grouping, skin color regions further we applied shape conditions (rate, area, number and oval condition) and determined face candidate regions. We applied thresholds to region, and determined the region as the face if black part was over 5% of the whole regions. As the result of the experiment 28 faces has been extracted among 38 faces had problem of privacy. The reasons which the face was not extracted were the effect of shadow of the face, and the background objects. Also objects with the color similar to the face were falsely extracted. For improvement, we need to adjust the threshold.

• Development and Reproduction
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2009

HSP70 has widely been induced in in vivo hyperthermia conditions in various organisms to study gene regulation and recently neuroprotectve roles of the induced gene expression under varying conditions. We investigated different responses among various tissues in zebrafish under heat shock to evaluate whether spatial and temporal expression pattern of zebrafish (z) hsp70 in transcriptional and translational level under heat shock stress in different brain regions. Heat shock groups were given for 1 h at $37^{\circ}C$ after recovery by transferring the treated animals back to $28^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2 and 24 h for recovery, respectively. Control (CTRL) group was kept at $28^{\circ}C$. At the end of treatments, five animals were collected and used for isolation of total RNAs and peptides from the corresponding tissues. Expression of zhsp70 mRNA showed different patterns in recovery periods in the tissues including the brain, eye, intestines, muscles, heart and testis by RT-PCR. Unlike the RT-PCR analysis, Northern blot analysis demonstrated nearly 30-fold increase in zhsp70 at 1 h heat shock, suggesting that RT-PCR may not be appropriate in unmasking regulation of the time-dependent zhsp70 expression. In the experiment involving different brain regions, the cerebellum showed gradual activation at 1 h to R1h and decreases in R2h and R24h, while the medulla oblongata and optic tectum showed gradual increase at R1h and decrease at R24h, indicating that different brain tissues respond specifically to heat shock in inducing zhsp70 and recovering from the heat shock status. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that the intracellular levels of zHSP70 in three different brain regions including the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and optic tectum are differently induced and recovered to normal state. These results clearly demonstrate that different regions of the body and the brain tissues are responding differently to heat shock in the aspects of its level of expression and speed of recovery.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2011

To measure the traffic pollutants with high temporal and spatial resolution under real conditions, a mobile emission laboratory (MEL) was designed. The equipment of the mini-van provides gas phase measurements of CO, NOx, $CO_2$, THC (Total hydrocarbon) and number density & size distribution measurements of fine and ultra-fine particles by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and a condensation particle counter (CPC). The inlet sampling port above the bumper enables the chasing of different type of vehicles. This paper introduces the technical details of the MEL and presents data from the car chasing experiment of diesel bus equipped with aftertreatment system. The dilution ratio was calculated by the ratio of ambient NOx and tail-pipe NOx. Most particles from the diesel bus were counted under 300 nm and the peak concentration of the particles was located between 30 and 60 nm. The total PM number emission from diesel bus equipped with DPF was 10 orders of magnitude lower compared to those emitted from base diesel bus. And the total PM number emission from diesel bus equipped with SCR was comparable to the particle emission from base diesel bus.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5179-5196
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• 2019

To explore an effective non-invasion medical imaging diagnostics approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we propose a method based on adopting the multiple technologies with the multi-parametric data fusion, transfer learning, and multi-scale deep feature extraction. Firstly, to make full use of complementary and enhancing the contribution of different modalities viz. multi-parametric MRI images in the lesion diagnosis, we propose a data-level fusion strategy. Secondly, based on the fusion data as the input, the multi-scale residual neural network with SPP (Spatial Pyramid Pooling) is utilized for the discriminative feature representation learning. Thirdly, to mitigate the impact of the lack of training samples, we do the pre-training of the proposed multi-scale residual neural network model on the natural image dataset and the fine-tuning with the chosen multi-parametric MRI images as complementary data. The comparative experiment results on the dataset from the clinical cases show that our proposed approach by employing the multiple strategies achieves the highest accuracy of 0.847±0.023 in the classification problem on the HCC differentiation. In the problem of discriminating the HCC lesion from the non-tumor area, we achieve a good performance with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and AUC (area under the ROC curve) being 0.981±0.002, 0.981±0.002, 0.991±0.007 and 0.999±0.0008, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2009

Recently, a generation of high quality mosaic images from video sequences has been attempted by a variety of investigations. Among the matter of investigation, in this paper, generation on stereo mosaic utilizing airborne-video sequence images is focused upon. The stereo mosaic is made by creating left and right mosaic which are fabricated by front and rear slices having different viewing angle in consecutive video frames. For making the stereo mosaic, motion parameters which are able to define geometric relationship between consecutive video frames are determined. For determining motion parameters, affine model which is able to explain relative motion parameters is applied by this paper. The mosaicing method using relative motion parameters is called by free mosaic. The free mosaic proposed in this paper consists of 4 step processes: image registration with reference to first frame using affine model, front and rear slicing, stitching line definition and image mosaicing. As the result of experiment, the left and right mosaic image, anaglyphic image for stereo mosaic images are showed and analyzed y-parallax for checking accuracy.