• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.242-245
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• 2006

This paper addresses an image fingerprinting scheme for the print-to-capture model performed by a photo printer and digital camera. When capturing an image by a digital camera, various kinds of distortions such as noise, geometrical distortions, and lens distortions are applied slightly and simultaneously. In this paper, we consider several steps to extract fingerprints from the distorted image in print-and capture scenario. To embed ID into an image as a fingerprint, multi-bits embedding is applied. We embed 64 bits ID information as a fingerprint into spatial domain of color images. In order to restore a captured image from distortions a noise reduction filter is performed and a rectilinear tiling pattern is used as a template. To make the template a multi-bits fingerprint is embedded repeatedly like a tiling pattern into the spatial domain of the image. We show that the extracting is successful from the image captured by a digital camera through the experiment.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.805-814
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• 2012

Most hydrologic data are obtained by ground observations. New observation methods are needed for some regions to overcome difficulties in accessibility and durability of long-term observation. In 2002, NASA launched twin satellites named GRACE which were designed to measure the gravitational field of the earth. Using the GRACE monthly gravity level-2 data, we calculated terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) of the Korean peninsula in various spatial smoothing radii (0 km, 300 km, 500 km). For the validation of GRACE-based TWSC, we compared it with land-based TWSC which was obtained using the ground observation data: precipitation and evaporation from WAMIS, and runoff from GLDAS. According to the mean square-error test, GRACE-based TWSC best fits the land-based one at 500 km smoothing radius. The variation of the terrestrial water storage in the Korean peninsula turned out to be 0.986 cm/month, which means that appropriate measures should be prepared for sustainable water resources management.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.372-378
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• 2010

This paper propose the fast motion estimation algorithm with adaptive search range adjustment using motion activities of temporal and spatial neighbor blocks. The existing fast motion estimation algorithms with adaptive search range adjustment use the maximum motion vector of all blocks in the reference frame. So these algorithms may not control a optimum search range for slow moving block in current frame. The proposed algorithm use the maximum motion vector of neighbor blocks in the reference frame to control a optimum search range for slow moving block. So the proposed algorithm can reduce computation time for motion estimation. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the number of search points about 15% more than Simple Dynamic Search Range(SDSR) algorithm while maintaining almost the same bit-rate and motion estimation error.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.136-144
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examined the unconscious response of the pupil in the observation toward the image in the eye-tracking experiments that target on a large complex cultural space. Twenty-five men participated in this experiment and the observation data were analyzed in seconds per minute on watching time. It could examine the unconscious response of information searching in the change of pupil size in the process of observing the space. The results could be defined as following several points. First, it was possible to outline the unconscious response characteristics of pupil by analyzing sudden changes in pupil size as total, cumulative, and individual. The response characteristics using frequency and time can be utilized as the analytical method to examine the degree of interest of spatial components according to the purpose of analysis in the future. Second, according to the over ${\pm}5%$ of cumulative variation rate on the pupil size change, during in the 60 seconds, the continuous pupil dilation was used 25.2 seconds in 8.8 rounds and the pupil reduction was used 18.0 seconds in 7.0 rounds. Third, when the variation rate of ${\pm}5%$ or more was regarded as the sudden changes on pupil size by individual variation, the pupil dilation was 7.2 rounds of 8.6 seconds and pupil reduction was 6.0 seconds in 5.0 rounds. This means that the pupil increases 9.3% in one expansion and decreases -8.5% in the reduction process. As regarding pupil changes as cumulative rate, it appeared high change rate on pupil reduction but it became higher on pupil dilation in individual.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1235-1242
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• 2015

In global shipping logistics, it is important for users to keep track of the location of their continuously moving cargos. Analyzing the GPS data stream coming from the tag which is attached to the cargo, we are able to keep track of the cargo location in terms of going into or out of a certain logistics area using the information of the spatial relationship change between the tag and the logistics area. In this paper, we propose a simulation system for measuring the precision and false alarm rate of the cargo location tracking algorithm which generates spatial events over the global logistics areas. Due to the difficulty of experiment with a real tag, we developed a tag emulator to create a virtual tag which operates exactly like a real tag. We show the cargo location tracking system works correctly with the tag emulator which communicates with it using the same protocol as the real tag.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.4 s.39
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• pp.433-449
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• 2006

Two primary objectives of this study were to determine important personal factors in performing cognitive distance mapping, and to understand how human's cognitive distance mapping capabilities were influenced by reference and subjects' locations using Global Positioning System (GPS). Undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Kansas, USA were interviewed and surveyed throughout the campus area giving them a paper-and-pencil test. Study results showed that females had more accurate cognitive mapping capability than males regardless of ethnic background and academic levels. Generally, subjects with longer affiliation with the university, higher ages and academic levels had less variability in their mapping accuracy. Subjects tended to more accurately map the target locations closer to the reference points than those located farther away, and subjects who were closer to a reference point performed their distance mapping better than those farther away. A correlation analysis reported that male subjects used reference-to-target and subject-to-reference distances more sensitively than females to estimate the locations of the targets. This result indicates that males might have used the reference point-based map scale more strenuously than females.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.5 no.4 s.18
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• pp.71-77
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• 2005

Bonded CFRP Plate method used murk in reinforcement method is very efficient for stress increment of reinforced members. But CFRP plate dosen't display enough its capacity and have the destruction characteristic of premature failure that reach failure by debond plate, because near-surface-bond using epoxy. Such destruction character of reinforced specimens take the influence at variables as steel reinforcement ratio, concrete strength, kind of reinforcement materials, reinforced length, property of epoxy used in binder and so on. In this study, performed experiment results are compared and considered on flexural performance of Near Surface Mounted Reinforcement used CFRP-Rod, as complement about structural behavior of RC beam reinforced flexural capacity in CFRP plate and premature failure of reinforcement material. Main variables of RC beam applied CFRP Plate external bond method are experimental variables as reinforcement length, reinforcement position (tension face and side face of beam) and existence of ironware in end parts. In case of CFRP-Rod, variable is reinforcement length.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

Due to the self-equilibrium status of the cable system, the loss of the tensioning in the cable system results in other cables carrying larger tension forces than those initially calculated by structural engineers. Also, turn-buckle systems, which have been widely used to pre-tension and/or re-tension the cables, are limited to use for small cables and to provide a rough estimation for tension forces. In this study, the re-tensioning cable connection systems were developed to overcome the problems mentioned above. The main objective of the proposed system is to re-tension large cables and measure the exact amount of tension forces of the cable systems. This connection system is also combined with the wireless signal monitoring module so that engineers are able to measure the tension forces any place where the internet is available. This paper presents the development of the re-tensioning cable connection systems and experiment using the real-scale cable systems to verify the fe-tensioning and signal monitoring systems.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-79
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• 1999

In this research, the operational principle and the internal algorithm of theodolite measuring systems are studied and coded for a new software, and the feasibility of the laser system for the above mentioned usage is studied by simulation set-up of the system in the laboratory environment, and for the theodolite system modules for the communication between theodolite and computer is implemented, the data collection and storage, the simultaneous photogrammetric ' bundle ' adjustment for the theodolite position and the target points are coded, compiled and tested. for the simulation set-up of the laser system extensive studies on laser sources and laser detectors are performed, the system composition for the system simulation in the laboratory environment is studied and implemented, and the beam fluctuation due to the environmental changes in the course of the laser beam, such as changes in current of wind or in temperature is experimented. According to Experiment on the Source of 17 meters interval and the Detector, Laser beam is almost doesn't depend on air How, but it is effected by variations of temperature and light. Selecting cloudy day and time without change of temperature, it was realized that it is possible to perform deformation measurement more than approximately 2mm precision.precision.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.45-57
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• 2012

The street trees in the urban areas provide an comfortable environment to the pedestrians and drivers and play important roles to absorb the carbons. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire and manage efficiently the location, height, and crown width of street trees. This study suggests a methodology to provide quantitative information of the street trees in urban areas including the quantity, location, height, and crown width of the trees. Therefore, it is more appropriate to add functionality of changing size of the crown width of the trees in the method. In addition, the positions of the street trees were selected using the fact that street trees are generally planted along the road in a straight line. An experiment on extracting street trees was conducted in parts of Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do and the suitability of the suggested methodology was evaluated by comparing the results to a 1/1,000 digital map. Through the experimental results, the minimum, maximum, and the root mean square errors of the position of street trees were 0.5m, 1.9m, and approximately ${\pm}0.4m$, respectively.