• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.464-469
• /
• 2013

After city of Busan has been entered to the aging society in 2000, the city has the highest aging rate among 7 representative cities in 2011. Moreover, while entire population and number of average household are decreasing, over 65 years old of elderly population is rapidly increasing. So, it is possible to enter the super-aged society, where aging rate would be about 20% after 2020. The purpose of this study is that older housing-related analysis is consisted of dong-unit, and this led microscopic analysis has become necessary. Surveys from 2000 through 2010, census aggregate (output area) unit of spatial analysis was conducted. Take advantages of this, aging population and area, soaring area, high-density areas, such as the region of interest were primary extracted, and microscopic location and spatial distribution patterns were analyzed. Upon analysis, aging population is concentrated in the city and adjacent area, the highlands, and 10 years of increasing rate was more than 30 times in certain aggregate. Regarding the characteristic of these areas, the original city center, Busan, especially concentrated and intensified in aging population. Also, 2000 to 2010, the overall distribution pattern of Busan has identified aging population that is increasingly being distributed. This is the result, which is confronted with previous research result. Entering a super aged-society for the future is accordance with migration of social costs and improve the quality of life of elderly. And this could be the basic information to use the spatial dimension for the corresponding.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 2015

Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI) subtype H5N8 have occurred in Korea, January 2014 and it continued more than a year until 2015. And more than 5 million heads of poultry hads been damaged in 196 farms until May 2014. So, we studied the spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal patterns of the HPAI epidemics for understanding the propagation and diffusion characteristics of the 2014 HPAI. The results are expressed using GIS. Throughout the study period three epidemic waves occurred over the time. And outbreaks made three clusters in space. First spatial cluster is adjacent areas of province of Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do and Gyeonggi -do. Second is Jeonlabuk-do Gomso Bay area. And the last is Naju and Yeongam in Jeollanam-do. Also, most of spatio-temporal clusters were formed in spatially high clustered areas. Especially, in Gomso Bay area space density and spatio-temporal density were concurrent. It means that the effective prevention activity for HPAI was carried out. But there are some exceptional areas such as Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeonggi-do adjacent area. In these areas the outbreak density was high in space but the spatio-temporal cluster was not formed. It means that the HPAI virus was continuing inflow over a long period.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2024

Alvin Toffler mentioned that it is important for future society to keep pace with synchronization and that time deviations can hinder social development. As we experience the new normal era of untact, we have experienced an increase in non-face-to-face contact and accelerated digital transformation. Amid these rapid changes, we can maintain the need for synchronization or change in space. Therefore, we would like to study what kind of settlements people create and choose. We looked at the metaverse as an object that could indirectly find out about this, and used the content called "Animal Crossing" to collect data related to the spatial form of the metaverse. Sampling utilized a judgment sampling method during non-probability sampling to alleviate differences due to the progress of the game. The collected data was classified according to floor plan and location type and briefly organized through descriptive statistics. After matching each facility by use, data was constructed by setting coordinates for each cluster and listing them. This data was interpreted graphically on the coordinate plane for each cluster, and Euclidean analysis was performed to analyze the relationships between clusters and residential choice using a Euclidean matrix. As a result of the analysis, it could be interpreted that efficiency was pursued by arranging similar functions in close proximity. Nevertheless, when choosing a residence, it was interpreted that the intention was to create a community through arrangement adjacent to residents rather than efficiency or convenience. Due to the differences between the metaverse and the real world, it is expected that there will be limitations in equating it with reality. However, through the space expressed in the virtual world by people who are far away from the constraints of reality, we can indirectly know the wishes that we have not been able to express due to our lack of awareness.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.1077-1085
• /
• 2017

Urban space is a place that shows the behavior, experience and lifestyle of residents. Also by the combination of local attributes and assets, creating a space that reflects the unique image of the city. For the development of the city, it is important to actively reflect the identity of the space created by the difference of each space. In this study, we focused on the disparate of space and found the characteristics of urban space. And psychological factors on disparate images of the spatial analysis. As a result, 14 spatial image characteristics of Busan showed difference. In terms of dimensions, it could be classified as an natural, artificial, dynamic, static images. Also, the preference cluster of individuals showed a positive response in naturalness, openness, gentle slope and static space.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 2020

In this study, we investigated the relationships between benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and various environmental factors in Iancheon (NIA) and Bukcheon (NBC) streams, Korea. We collected benthic macroinvertebrates and 33 environmental factors in April 2017 at 9 sites (5 sites in NIA and 4 sites in NBC). We identified 93 species(5 phyla, 9 classes, 16 orders, and 53 families) and 69 species(5 phyla, 9 classes, 17 orders, and 47 families) in NIA and NBC streams, respectively. Considering benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI), NIA (88.2) and NBC (80.2) streams were in "very good" status. Upstream areas showed the highest scores, 95.5 (NIA1) and 94.2 (NBC1), whereas BMI score was the lowest in downstream areas of both streams, especially in NBC4 (51.0 "bad" status). Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis represented the differences of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages according to spatial and anthropogenic gradients. Our findings provide reference data and highlight the need for the continued monitoring to maintain the good status and manage macroinvertebrate diversity in these two streams, in Sangju-si, Korea.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.186-190
• /
• 2007

The species composition and the biomass of intertidal microphytobenthos (MPB) were investigated at four sites in the Nakdong Estuary from Feb. to Dec. 2006. The chlorophyll (chl) ${\alpha}$ concentration showed a positive correlation with MPB abundance, and depth profiles showed similar patterns: high at the surface, rapidly decreasing within 4 cm from the surface, and slowly decreasing thereafter. A MANOVA analysis revealed that the chl ${\alpha}$ concentration varied significantly not only with depth, month, and site, but also with combinations of these factors. Among the four investigated sites, site D (Baekhabdeung) showed a seasonal biomass variation trend distinct from those of the other sites: higher in summer, decreased in autumn and with sustained low values until winter. As indicated, the other sites contrastingly showed low biomasses in summer, after which the biomasses continuously increased, with some variation among the sites. A cluster analysis of species composition indicated that sites near to each other and with similar sediment structures had closer similarities in the same seasons. The species of genus Amphora and Navicula were dominant at the four sites throughout the study period.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2013

Data mining is a useful technology that can support new discoveries based on the pattern analysis and a variety of linkages between data, and currently is utilized in various fields such as finance, marketing, medical. In this paper, we propose an effective utilization method of data based on analysis of spatial data mining. We make use of basic data of foreigners living in Seoul. However, the data has some features distinguished from other areas of data, classification as sensitive information and legal problem such as personal information protection. So, we use the basic statistical data that does not contain personal information. The main features and contributions of the proposed method are as follows. First, we can use Big Data as information through a variety of ways and can classify and cluster Big Data through refinement. Second. we can use these kinds of information for decision-making of future and new patterns. In the performance evaluation, we will use visual approach through graph of themes. The results of performance evaluation show that the analysis using data mining technology can support new discoveries of patterns and results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2023

Korea's natural parks are managed by dividing them into four use districts: nature preservation district, natural environment district, cultural heritage district, and park village district within the park under the goal of 'conservation and sustainable use of natural parks'. However, the use districts divided in this way are designated by reflecting the results derived from the simple drawing overlapping method, and there is a limit in that objective and scientific evidence for this is insufficient. In addition, in Taeanhaean National Park, the case of this study, only a very small area of less than 1% of the nature preservation district is designated, and the natural environment district that serves as a buffer space is designated on an excessively wide scale, making it difficult to efficiently manage the national park. Therefore, the use district is not fulfilling its role. In this study, the purpose of this study was to present a method for analyzing the spatial characteristics of natural parks using environmental indicators and unsupervised learning analysis methods to set the use districts of natural parks. In this study, evaluation indicators that can evaluate the natural and human environments were derived, and the distribution patterns for each indicator were analyzed. Afterwards, by applying Self-Organizing Map (SOM) analysis, one of the unsupervised learning analysis methods, districts with similar characteristics were derived in Taeanhaean National Park, and the characteristics of each district were analyzed. As a result of the study, 7 districts with different characteristics were derived in Taeanhaean National Park, and by examining the contribution of each indicator together, it was possible to reveal that each district had different representative characteristics even though it was an adjacent area. This study evaluated natural parks by comprehensively considering the indicators of the natural and human environments. In addition, the SOM method used in the study is meaningful in that it can provide scientific and objective grounds for the existing zoning and apply it to the management plan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.94 no.6
• /
• pp.410-419
• /
• 2005

Community structure of evergreen broad-leaved forest of Mt. Yeogwi in Jin-do was investigated to secure sustainable conservation of evergreen broad-leaved forest. Twenty survey plots of $20m{\times}20m$ were established along the elevation from 200 m to 390 m above the sea level in the northwestern slope. The woody species were tallied at each plots. DBH distribution of the major evergreen broad-leaved trees was investigated to find out the spatial distribution. Cluster analysis was applied to a set of vegetation data, that is, importance value to classify the forest community. Species diversity, evenness and species correlation were analysed. Canonical correspondence analysis was also applied to vegetation data and soil environmental data. Cluster analysis showed that the forests of Mt. Yeogwi were classified into 2 community groups, such as Camellia japonica community group and Quercus acuta community group. C japonica community group was subdivided into C japonica- evergreen broad-leaved trees community, C. japonica-Neolitsea sericea community, and C. japonica-deciduous broad-leaved trees community. Q. acuta community group was subdivided into Q. acuta-C. japonica community, and Q. acuta community. C. japonica, Q. acuta, N. sericea, Machilus thunbergii and Illicium religiosum were dominant evergreen broad-leaved tree species, while Styrax japonica, Lindera erythrocarpa, Cornus kousa, Prunus sargentii, Albizzia julibrisin and Quercus acutissima were major deciduous tree species. Species diversity was greater in Q. acuta community group (0.8231 for Q. acuta-C. japonica community, and 0.8135 for Q. acuta community) than in C. japonica community group (0.7674 for C. japonica-evergreen broad-leaved trees community, 0.6164 for C. japonica-N. sericea community, and 0.7931 for C. japonica-deciduous broad-leaved trees community). DBH 2 cm~10 cm of major evergreen broad-leaved trees occupied 80% of all. C. japonica of less than DBH 5 cm tended to aggregate but distribute randomly or regularly with increasing DBH. Q. acuta distributed more aggregately than C. japonica and Machilus thunbergii for more than 15 cm of DBH. C. japonica correlated negatively with Q. acuta, I. religiosum and C. kousa, but positively with N. sericea. with significance at 1% level. Q. acuta correlated negatively with C. japonica, N. sericea and M. thunbergii but positively with l. religiosum. There were also negative correlation between N. sericea and C. kousa. CCA showed that forest communities were correlated with soil variables such as CEC, soil organic matter and soil pH. With increased soil organic matter and CEC, and decreased soil pH, C. japonica was dominant and forest community and Q. acuta and N. sericea tended to develop in the evergreen broad-leaved forest.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.14-28
• /
• 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate crime hotspot areas using the spatio-temporal cluster analysis which is possible to search simultaneously time range as well as space range as an alternative method of existing hotspot analysis only identifying crime occurrence distribution patterns in urban area. As for research method, first, crime data were collected from criminal registers provided by official police authority in M city, Gyeongnam and crime occurrence patterns were drafted on a map by using Geographic Information Systems(GIS). Second, by utilizing Ripley K-function and Space-Time Scan Statistics analysis, the spatio-temporal distribution of crime was examined. The results showed that the risk of crime was significantly clustered at relatively few places and the spatio-temporal clustered areas of crime were different from those predicted by existing spatial hotspot analysis such as kernel density analysis and k-means clustering analysis. Finally, it is expected that the results of this study can be not only utilized as a valuable reference data for establishing urban planning and crime prevention through environmental design(CPTED), but also made available for the allocation of police resources and the improvement of public security services.