• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2016

This paper addresses a problem of defocus map recovery from single image. We describe a simple effective approach to estimate the spatial value of defocus blur at the edge location of the image. At first, we perform a re-blurring process using Gaussian function with input image, and calculate a gradient magnitude ratio with blurring amount between input image and re-blurred image. Then we get a full defocus map by propagating the blur amount at the edge location. Experimental result reveals that our method outperforms a reliable estimation of depth map, and shows that our algorithm is robust to noise, inaccurate edge location and interferences of neighboring edges within input image.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.562-569
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• 2010

This paper analyzes the problems that occurred in the magnification process for a fine input image and investigates a method to improve the blurring of magnified image. This paper applies a curve interpolation algorithm in CAD/CAM for the same test images with the existing image algorithm in order to improve the blurring of magnified image. As a result, the nearest neighbor interpolation, which is the most frequently applied algorithm for the existing image interpolation algorithm, shows that the identification of a magnified image is not possible. Therefore, this study examines an interpolation of gray-level data by applying a low-pass spatial filter and verifies that a bilinear interpolation presents a lack of property that accentuates the boundary of the image where the image is largely changed. The periodic B-spline interpolation algorithm used for curve interpolation in CAD/CAM can remove the blurring but shows a problem of obscuration, and the Ferguson' curve interpolation algorithm shows a more sharpened image than that of the periodic B-spline algorithm. For the future study, hereafter, this study will develop an interpolation algorithm that has an excellent improvement for the boundary of the image and continuous and flexible property by using the NURBS, Ferguson' complex surface, and Bezier surface used in CAD/CAM engineering based on the results of this study.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2010

이 연구는 다양한 라우드 스피커 구성인 2-horizontal, 2-vertical, triplet 라우드 스피커 구성에서 UHD TV를 위한 가상 음상의 인지 위치 결과를 제시한다. 비등간격 라우드 스피커 구성에서 가상 음상을 생성하기 위해 잘 알려진 vector-based amplitude panning 알고리즘을 수정하여 적용하였다. 실제 상황에서의 위치 인지 성능을 평가하기 위해, 청취 평가는 일반적인 청취환경에서 TV의 on-axis와 off-axis에서 수행되었다. 인지 각도의 모호함에 의한 오차를 줄이기 위해 각도 조정 테스트 방법이 옥타브 밴드 신호의 각도 평가에 이용되었다. 피실험자는 실제 음원과 가상 조정된 음원의 각도가 일치할 때까지 조정각도를 변화하였다. 공간적 블러링은 각 밴드에서 인지된 조정 각도의 차이를 비교하여 측정되었다. 청취 평가 결과는 triplet panning 방법이 vertical panning 방법보다 on-axis와 off-axis 둘 다, 인지 위치와 공간적 블러링 관점에서 더 나은 성능을 보여주었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.207-209
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• 2021

최근 인공지능과 IoT 기술의 발달에 따라 다양한 분야에서 자동화와 무인화가 진행되고 있으며, 이의 기반이 되는 물체 추적, 의료 영상, 객체 인식과 같은 영상처리에 대한 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 특히 세밀한 데이터 처리가 필요한 시스템에서는 전처리 단계로 잡음 제거를 사용하고 있으나, 기존 알고리즘은 필터링 과정에서 블러링 현상이 나타나는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 필터링 과정의 정보손실을 최소화하기 위해 변형된 공간 가중치를 사용한 필터 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘은 AWGN을 제거하기 위해 마스크 매칭을 사용하였으며, 변형된 공간 가중치의 출력을 가감하여 필터의 출력을 구하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 기존 방법에 비해 잡음제거 특성이 우수하였으며, 블러링 현상을 최소화하며 영상을 복원하였다.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.115-124
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• 2005

This paper analyzes the problems that occurred in the magnification process for a fine input image and investigates a method to improve the problems. This paper applies a curve interpolation algorithm in CAD/CAM for the same test images with the existing image algorithm in order to improve the problems. As a result. the nearest neighbor interpolation. which is the most frequently applied algorithm for the existing image interpolation algorithm. shows that the identification of a magnified image is not possible. Therefore. this study examines an interpolation of gray-level data by applying a low-pass spatial filter and verifies that a bilinear interpolation presents a lack of property that accentuates the boundary of the image where the image is largely changed. The periodic B-spline interpolation algorithm used for curve interpolation in CAD/CAM can remove the blurring but shows a problem of obscuration, and the Ferguson's curve interpolation algorithm shows a more sharpened image than that of the periodic B-spline algorithm. For the future study, hereafter. this study will develop an interpolation algorithm that has an excel lent improvement for the boundary of the image and continuous and flexible property by using the NURBS. Ferguson's complex surface. and Bezier surface used in CAD/CAM engineering based on. the results of this study.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 악의적인 공격에는 워터마크가 쉽게 깨어지고 비악의적인 공격에는 워터마크가 쉽게 깨어지지 않도록 하는 투 가지 목적을 동시에 만족시키기 위한 다중 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안한다. Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT)의 계수를 이용해 이미지를 인증하는 기법으로, 워터마크로 사용될 이진 이미지와 LL3 영역에서 추출된 특징을 조합하여 이미지에 삽입될 정보를 생성한다 이미지의 공간영역과 주파수영역에 정보를 다중으로 삽입하여 공간영역에서 일어날 수 있는 악의적인 공격에 대응할 뿐만 아니라 주파수영역에서의 blurring, sharpening 및 JPEG 압축과 간은 비 악의적인 공격을 허용하는 기법이다. 공간영역에서는 이미지 블록의 모든 픽셀의 Least Significant Bit(LSB)에 정보를 삽입하고, 주파수영역에서는 삽입할 정보에 따라 LH2와 HL2의 계수를 조절하므로 정보를 삽입하게 된다.

• 복식
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2008

Spatial multiplication phenomenon, expressed through de-constructive trend since the late of 20C, have got changed existing fixed and dis-variable space to smooth, fluid, and changeable space. Ex-form and fluidity of new spatial paradigm have been focused through lots of scientific theories studied between digital thought and indeterminacy and rankless nature phenomena. In 21C fashion, indeterminate and irregular form and space have been crested continuously, which could not explain simply according as the fluidity theory Different from the space crested for multi-function and multipurpose, this is revealed the characteristics of chaosmos that communizes the order and the disorder, deconstruction and creation. Ex-formal space of fashion have shown the relationship of de-centerizing, de-territorial, and do-structural phenomenon among different fashion elements. This paper intends to understand the concept of ex-form, and study expressive manners of ex-formal space of 21C fashion, and conclusion as follows. 1) Overlap changes single space of fashion to multi-layered space through the repeat system of pleats, origami, and folding. 2) Ex-gravity expressed in deviation of the gravity acting vertical direction, for example, twisting, curve, winding, portion. 3) Morphing is shown the change process from single fixed form to different complex form. 4) Blurring is expressed in re-combination and re-arrangement among elements of fashion. 5) Blob shows hybrid fashion space through the liberal compounding and separation of a lot of different elements.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2014

Face classification has wide applications in security and surveillance. However, this technique presents various challenges caused by pose, illumination, and expression changes. Face recognition with long-distance images involves additional challenges, owing to focusing problems and motion blurring. Multiple frames under varying spatial or temporal settings can acquire additional information, which can be used to achieve improved classification performance. This study investigates the effectiveness of multi-frame decision-level fusion with photon-counting linear discriminant analysis. Multiple frames generate multiple scores for each class. The fusion process comprises three stages: score normalization, score validation, and score combination. Candidate scores are selected during the score validation process, after the scores are normalized. The score validation process removes bad scores that can degrade the final output. The selected candidate scores are combined using one of the following fusion rules: maximum, averaging, and majority voting. Degraded facial images are employed to demonstrate the robustness of multi-frame decision-level fusion in harsh environments. Out-of-focus and motion blurring point-spread functions are applied to the test images, to simulate long-distance acquisition. Experimental results with three facial data sets indicate the efficiency of the proposed decision-level fusion scheme.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2024

We propose a method to suppress the speckle noise and blur effects of the light field extracted from a hologram using a deep-learning technique. The light field can be extracted by bandpass filtering in the hologram's frequency domain. The extracted light field has reduced spatial resolution owing to the limited passband size of the bandpass filter and the blurring that occurs when the object is far from the hologram plane and also contains speckle noise caused by the random phase distribution of the three-dimensional object surface. These limitations degrade the reconstruction quality of the hologram resynthesized using the extracted light field. In the proposed method, a deep-learning model based on a generative adversarial network is designed to suppress speckle noise and blurring, resulting in improved quality of the light field extracted from the hologram. The model is trained using pairs of original two-dimensional images and their corresponding light-field data extracted from the complex field generated by the images. Validation of the proposed method is performed using light-field data extracted from holograms of objects with single and multiple depths and mesh-based computer-generated holograms.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제10권4호통권29호
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• pp.505-514
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• 2005

이미지 업샘플링은 두개의 도메인, 즉 공간 도메인과 주파수 도메인에서 수행될 수 있다. 공간 도메인에서의 대표적인 업샘플링 방법으로는 6-탭 필터를 이용한 방법이 있으며 이 기법은 현재 다양한 비디오 코덱에서 사용되고 있다. 이 방법은 주관적 화질 향상에는 장점이 있는 반면 블러링(blurring)을 발생시켜 객관적 성능은 상대적으로 낮다. 주파수 도메인에서의 업샘플링 방법으로는 영 패딩(simple zero padding) 기법이 있으며 존재하지 않는 주파수 성분을 모두 영으로 채워 역변환을 함으로 업샘플링을 하는 방법이다. 이 방법은 상대적으로 링잉(ringing)효과로 인한 주관적 화질 저하가 있는 반면 객관적인 성능은 공간적 업샘플링 방법에 비해 높은 성능을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 주관적 성능 뿐 아니라 객관적 성능까지도 향상시킬 수 있는 주파수 확장 기법을 이용한 업샘플링 기법을 제안하다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안하는 알고리듬이 기존의 알고리듬에 비해 PSNR 향상 및 주관적 화질도 향상됨을 알 수 있다.