• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.57-82
• /
• 1994

This paper is the result of the researches and the field surveys of the villages and the dwellings of Korean immigrants in Yien-Pien area, north-eastern China. This study aims to persue both of the origin and the process of development of their settlements and dwelling types from late 19C to the present. Their processes are too complex to analysis by single view-point. I have eyes to interprete them from three pionts; 1)correspondences between the dwelling types and the econo-political history of their region, 2)cultural assimilation with the native dwelling types, and 3)the direction of their modernization with the economical development of modern China. Three village types have been pioneered; 1)the villages of indivisual immigration, 2)the villages of planned group immigration, and 3)the villages of socilistic reform villages of 1) were composed of organic village patterns and various shaped dwelling lots on the sloped site; villages both of 2) and 3), gird patterns and uniformed lots on open fields. Historically, villages of 1) were pioneered before 1931; villages of 2), 1936-1945; villages of 3), from 1945. Each of dwelling types had strong relations with the village types to which it belonged. Before 1931, dwellings were built up based on so called "Ham-buk dwelling type" which was dominent in north-eastern Korea. In the era of gruop-immigration, various dwelling types were flew into Yen-Pien from southern Korea. In modern China, their southern types were changed into Yen-Pien type as similar as Ham-book type. After 1945, with the Great leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, as communization of indivisual properties and reorganization of rural communities, each of dwellings became smaller and simpler in aspects of scales as well as functions. There are two types in Yen-Pien dwellings, those are 'single-file' and 'double-file' type. Three sub-types of latter arc 'six-bays', 'eight-bays', and rarely 'ten-bays'. The most common element of all types is Chong-ju-k'an; which is large room with heated floor, openig to kitchen. Now, modern dwellings of Korean immigrants are changing their spatial compositions, materials, and structures. With cultural assimilation as well as modernization, especially in urban areas, they are compelled to accept the elements of Chinese dwellings. But the spatial element of "Chong-ju-k'an", which is the core element of Yen-Pien dwelling type, never fade away nor is changed.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.47-66
• /
• 1994

Chosun dynasty had accepted the Confucianism as a means of governing whole society and in its practical aspect ${\ulcorner}$Garye${\lrcorner}$ and the ceremonies of family ritual regarded as important. As a result, after mid-Chosun dynasty family ritual was begun to popularized on a national scale, and the socio-culture system which was interrelated with it changed into confucian ones. These fill-scaled change, on the other hand, resulted into the change of spatial use and plan type of yangban houses. In this aspect, this study intends to clarify the influence of family ritual on spatial use of yangban houses through the comparison between ideal pattern and behavioral one of family ritual. And this study made Gwanhonrye except Sangjerye an object because these two ceremonies were peformed in sucession in those day's behavior. The research setting is the Korean traditional society prior to modernization. The collected materials are based on ethnographic information as well as personal documents, public records, field works and the books on family ritual. The methodology for the present study is primarily based on the comparison study between available documents and field work. Especially, as the books on family ritual include some explanatory diagrams of the ideal pattern, these diagrams are compared with another ones made by the author of the behavioral pattern. The major findings are as follows. Firstly, in the aspect of Gwanhonrye's process, the ideal pattern is similar to the behavioral one. But even the essential course of the ideal pattern of Honrye is 'chinyoung', it has never been accepcted in Chosun dynasty on account of 'seoryubuga'. Secondly, even though the names of the performing space of family ritual are different each pattern, the methods of spatial use in processing these two ceremonies are similar. In other words, according to the books on family ritual the major performing spaces of Gwanhonrye are 'chungsa' and 'jungchim', but in practical process of both ceremonies 'sarangchae' and 'anche' are used. Lastly, as family ritual like Gwanrye and Honrye had been practiced at yangban houses after mid-Chosun dynasty as mentioned above, the spatial arrangement had to be changed to a certain extent.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권9호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 1960 ~ 1990년대라는 시간의 경과에 따라 나타나는 서울시 도심 계획 방식의 변화를 살펴보고 도시보전의 형성 과정을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석결과, 먼저, 근대화와 도시화 등이 미친 서울시 도심 계획의 변화로 과잉 인구 문제로 인한 도심 기능의 분산 정책을 시도한 1960년대부터 강남 개발에 따른 도심의 기능 분산 정책을 추진한 1970년대, 국제이벤트와 경제성장을 이유로 기존의 도심에서 부도심으로 기능이 이전한 1980년대, 정도 600년 기념사업과 기존 도심의 역사성을 인식하게 된 1990년대까지 서울시 도심 계획의 변화를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 다음으로 시간의 경과에 따라 서울시 도심 계획에서 나타난 도시 보전의 형성 과정을 살펴보면 첫째, 기존의 건물과 가로시설물이라는 물리적 측면을 유지하였고 둘째, 문화재 주변 지역의 규제라는 공간적 측면의 유지를, 셋째, 북촌, 인사동 등 역사적 장소에 대상으로 한 공공 부문 참여인 공간적 측면의 관리를 시도하였으며, 넷째, 서울시민들에게 익숙한 장소들의 접근성을 개선한 사회적 측면의 관리 등으로 도시 보전의 개념이 물리적 - 공간적 - 사회적 측면의 순으로 형성되고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2012

This study is carried out to analyze transition about educational facilities of elementary schools with the change of policy and to find out a developmental direction for qualitative improvement. An analysis of blueprints is done to 34 elementary schools representing periodic characteristics after the 1960's. As a result, various cases were shown in arrangement type, unit space, block planning and plane planning of the schools after a abolition of law about the standardization of educational facilities on 1997, however, they were showing a tendency to simplify after the introduction of BTL on 2005. Spatial composition factors were very various in the schools planned from the middle of 1990's to the early of 2000's. Meanwhile, nearly fifty percent of occupying ratio about learning space in the schools of standard type was gradually decreased by modernization planning on 1990's. However, it was increased a little again after the BTL. In case of living area, the occupying ratio was comparatively high in the schools having characteristics of 1990's and it also tends to increase after the introduction of BTL.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.3-15
• /
• 2009

In the swirl of change in the world, Media, the development of information technology, and the enterprise-oriented capitalism have tied the world as one unit, and have entered the period of adaptation. With the view of introspection of these concepts, this paper is mainly written by the theory of "matter as the content" with exploration of the design of essence and scientific approach. The design process is the condensational process which is developed by the exchange of reason and sensibility. This process, which is characterized by the objective manipulation of a given condition and the intervention of extrapolation, is the new way of thinking and approach rather than the concept of the way and means. The research of this paper is based on paintings and the analysis of essential experiments in design, the definition of the terms of content in the view of philosophy and design, and the analysis of the cases in architecture and spacial design. As a result, this paper shows that these designs are not just "Simulacre" but the essential eidos, and "content" is the core of these designs which can produce prototype as machine. Also, these designs can relatively be the persuasive methodology for the reflexive modernization.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2009

Housing is a cultural tool which enables one to see through a certain generation, and the types of housing in a specific cultural area are both physical and spiritual results formed by life activities. Therefore, housing, the center area for the human life, is a bowl, putting various meanings of life into the complicated environment. Its formal and spacial variety is a result of interaction in human life. This study analyzes fundamental problems and characteristics of asian traditional housing by comparing those in city of Seoul and Shang-hai. From the results of this study, many differences have been found in traditional housing in Seoul and Shanghai despite of high similarity m culture and ideology. This results from a same Confucian culture that accepts the feng shui theory which has evolved through different environments. Therefore, this study aims to understand housing cultures in two cities by analysing the attributes of housing data from selected traditional housing types in Seoul and Shanghai. Also, issues of fundamental characteristics of the two cities through the development of residential environment are studied to provide important data for the future development of housing environment of both cities.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.106-115
• /
• 2007

The Werkbund housing exhibitions in Europe in the 20's and 30's presented various planning concepts and played a important roll for modernization of housing Architecture. This study, therefore, aims to understand the contemporary issues of housing in this period, which showed the meaningful momentum for housing plans today. In order to grasp the general characteristics of exhibition housing the representative cases -Weissenhofsiedlung, Dammerstock, Breslausiedlung, Werkbund Siedlung in $Z\"{u}rich-Neub\"{u}hl$, Werkbundsiedlung Wien und BaBa- were throught documents analyzed. The architects offered an innovative building typology such as row housing and new prototype of housing units accordingly social needs. Especially, In this study housing unitplans were in 6 groups such as flexible type, cabin type, free open plan, Raumplan, functional 2-story type and corridor type categorized. And they were analyzed how deeply technological development, architectural design perceptions as well as functional aspects had on the planning of floorplans reflected. As a result, in the housing exhibitions various architectural ideas presented the "Zeitgeist" not only such as improvement of physical environment of housing, but also such as rationalization, standardization, functionalization, normalization of housing architecture. Also their unitplans corresponded to newly developed building typology and modern household type. As well as they represented notable spatial concepts. Moreover it contributed to create a new paradigm of housing for the new epoch.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is an important inpatient care area where critical patients are treated intensively with advanced medical technology. The level of care of ICU and the modernization of related facilities is an important indicator of health care quality. At the present time, when the Regional public hospitals are frequently expanding, the rational planning of the ICU has become an important part of the medical institutions treating the ICU. The purpose of this study is to present basic data with net area which can be used in the architectural planning of the ICU. Methods: The investigation and analysis of the ICUs were conducted on 24 medical facilities, based on theoretical analysis through relevant guidelines, articles, and documents, and on the basis of the actual space composition and net area analysis through the architectural drawings. Results: This study provides basic data such as bed placement type of ICU, relationship with other departments, distance between NS and bed, distance between beds, and net area of disease by type. Implications: The results of this paper are expected to be effective reference materials for future research for rational spatial organization and efficient operation of the Intensive Care Unit in regional public hospitals.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2022

The presented research is devoted to the problems of achieving the goals of sustainable development, which will contribute to the development of industrial parks and their transformation into eco-industrial parks. The importance of the functioning of industrial parks and their transformation into eco-industrial ones in the direction of achieving sustainable development goals is substantiated. The development of industrial parks and their transformation through the coordination of dynamic development processes and the establishment of a system of mutually beneficial relations, due to the peculiarities of their functioning aimed at achieving sustainable development goals ensure the achievement of sustainable spatial development. Transformation of industrial parks will contribute to: increasing tax revenues of local budgets, increasing employment in the regions, raising public awareness of the need for environmentally friendly, energy efficient production, increasing the balance and harmony of social, economic and environmental development, modernization of territorial communities and regional enterprises resources and increase entrepreneurial initiative, rational use of available resources, intensification of small and medium enterprises, including innovation. The authors' scientific achievements are the substantiation of the principles of functioning of industrial parks in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development, which are based on a systematic approach and provide for the transformation into eco-industrial parks.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.23-46
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 종로구에 위치한 커피빈이 어떻게 '게이빈'으로 불리며 게이들의 모임 장소라는 성적인 이미지가 생겼는지를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 Michel de Certeau의 모델을 이용하여 이성애 중심공간(heteronormative space)에서의 게잉(게이 행위-행동-수행)의 활발한 역동성을 연구했다. 인터뷰를 통해 수집한 데이터를 활용하여 특정한 공간을 두고 경쟁하는 게이와 이성애자들 사이의 협상전술(negotiation)과 대응기제(coping mechanisms)를 분석했다. 이를 통해 특정한 공간에서 성적 정체성이 상이한 주체들 사이에 공간을 차지하기 위한 비폭력적 경쟁이 지속되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이는 게이들이 이성애 중심 공간을 어떻게 조화롭게 '게이화'할 수 있는지를 보여주고 있다. 게이빈이 자연스럽게 '게이화'될 수 있었던 배경에는 성찰적 코스모폴리타니즘으로 인해 공간적 위치와 전술이 성적 공간의 평화적인 상호 양보(compromise)를 이끌어 냈다는 것이 중요하다. 특히, 게이빈은 비정상행위(deviant behavior)에 관대한 역사를 가진 두 공간인 인사동과 탑골공원 사이에 위치하여, 다양성과 '타자'에 대한 수용이라는 코스모폴리탄의 이상의 혜택을 누려왔다. 즉 외국인을 환영하는 공간(인사동)과 비정상적 행위에 관대한 공간(탑골공원) 사이에서 게이의 수행성은 존재할 수 있었던 것이다. 그러나, 이성애 중심 공간에서 게잉이 조화롭게 유지된 것은 외부 공간의 관대한 역사에 기인한 것뿐만 아니라 내부에서의 정체성 조절 전술 덕분이 기도 했다. 이성애 중심 공간에서의 질서 유지(policing)는 게이 커뮤니티를 기반으로 게이들에 의해 자체적으로 이루어졌다.