• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-99
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• 2015

As architecture is designed for humans to live in based on practicality, what one experiences within such spaces is important. Such experiences are not felt only by appreciating the structure's appearance, but involve physical presence inside the space and the deepening of the individuals relationship with the space through the body's sensory perception. However, in modern times there is a much greater tendency to rely on superficial experiences by way of images or tastes rather than more meaningful human participation, while the standardization of the object universe is gradually erasing the uniqueness of experience. In light of this, the restoration of emotional and sensory spatial experiences through the design of sensory spaces can be regarded as an important task in modern spatial design. This study contemplated the meaning of emotional spatial experiences through a phenomenological understanding of such experiences, and analyzed the meaning and main factors in the creation of spatial atmosphere as a phenomenon of spatial experience. In addition, we highlighted the fact that spatial atmosphere can be applied as space design methodology by devising methods of expression through an analysis of actual examples. O.F. Bollnow's space theory and the spatial design of Peter Zumthor were the subjects of this analysis. The spatial atmosphere analyzed using Bullnow's theory is a phenomenon in which both the human and space are connected and the ensuing spatial experience embodies the emotions of both. This spatial atmosphere can be understood as a condition in which the human and space are fused together. Furthermore, coincidental/accidental meeting, mediums using potential objects, reorganization of the center due to autonomous boundaries, as well as the three temporalities were identified as the main factors in the creation of spatial atmosphere. Based on this analysis, through the identification of methods of expression for spatial atmosphere in Zumthor's spaces.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.513-525
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze physical characteristics, spatial composition, and using behavior of lounges in elderly skilled nursing facilities as spaces for activity programs and also to evaluate the spaces with the framework based on the indices for performing activity programs in elderly facilities. The results of the study were as follows: First, the lounge of an independent type ensured the privacy to perform programs, and so activities were managed more systematically. On the other hand, an expanded corridor type made the elderly feel difficult to pay attention to activities due to co-use of lounges and corridors. In a lounge of a hall type, the elderly had easy access to the place, but it also had weak home-like atmosphere because the space was used as a lobby entrance. Second, the facilities with western types of tables in whole lounges showed big changes in spatial composition, such as moving all the tables for any activities. It resulted in more preparation time and created obstacles in passages and space use. Third, in the evaluation of lounges based on the framework, most of lounges had accessibility of good quality, but they needed to improve home-like atmosphere and flexibility. To create home-like atmosphere, various spatial compositions and classifications in the lounge should be tried. Moreover, enough space and easy movable furniture can be considered for flexible spatial compositions.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.245-253
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• 2016

Background in a novel is most important elements with characters and events, and means time, place and situation that characters appeared. Among the background, spatial background can help conveys topic of a novel. So, it may be helpful for choosing a novel that readers want to read. In this paper, we are targeting Korean historical novels. In case of English text, It can be recognize spatial background easily because it use upper and lower case and words used with the spatial information such as Bank, University and City. But, in case Korean text, it is difficult to recognize that spatial background because there is few information about usage of letter. In the previous studies, they use machine learning or dictionaries and rules to recognize about spatial information in text such as news and text messages. In this paper, we build a nation dictionaries that refer to information such as 'Korean history' and 'Google maps.' We Also propose a method for recognizing spatial background based on patterns of postposition in Korean sentences comparing to previous works. We are grasp using of postposition with spatial background because Korean characteristics. And we propose a method based on result of morpheme analyze and frequency in a novel text for raising accuracy about recognizing spatial background. The recognized spatial background can help readers to grasp the atmosphere of a novel and to understand the events and atmosphere through recognition of the spatial background of the scene that characters appeared.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2016

The surface reflectance is essential to retrieval various indicators related land properties such as vegetation index, albedo and etc. In this study, we estimated surface reflectance using Himawari-8 / Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) channel data. In order to estimate surface reflectance from Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, the atmospheric correction is necessary because all of the TOA reflectance from optical sensor is affected by gas molecules and aerosol in the atmosphere. We used Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum Vector (6SV) Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) to correct atmospheric effect, and Look-Up Table (LUT) to shorten the calculation time. We verified through comparison Himawri-8 / AHI surface reflectance and Proba-V S1 products. As a result, bias and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are calculated about -0.02 and 0.05.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.108-115
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• 2018

The atmosphere is a popular word in everyday life. There is often an atmosphere when we enter a particular place. As if to say, The mood is perceived as an emotional and subjective word. Atmosphere is subjective and there are different feelings, but there are definitely certain feelings that people can relate to. The researcher examines the question in the paper and analyzes how the atmosphere in the space could be explained. So I will research about $B{\ddot{o}}hme^{\prime}s$ aesthetics which is called atmosphere. and analysis how his atmosphere is applied in nowadays art. So this study has two purposes. First is the notion of the atmosphere, not the atmosphere of rational perspective, it's about emotional and perceptual experiences. Therefore a connection about audience and arts is the most important focus in atmosphere. So the other purpose is Olafur Eliasson's Atmosphere. he is an artist about this perception. His work requires spectator intervention and participation to make it a perfect art. There is also a element in Eliasson's philosophy, in which the perceptual experiences of visitor's relationship between the work and the viewer, and eliminates the boundary as a perceptual expression.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to suggest design direction about common space of small sized residential units for elderly housing in order to construct desirable residential environment. This research examines spatial composition and the residents' behaviors in three different types of residential units at intervals of five minutes from 9:00 a.m. to 19:00 p.m.; and analyzes the characteristics of spatial use. The following is the result. The using rate of common space is influenced by the atmosphere of residential units more than healthy condition of the elderly; furthermore, the frequency of usage is also increasing highly as mush as forming the lively atmosphere. In order to form the animated residential environment, it is necessary to provide to various activities, such as cooking, eating, watching TV, leisure, hobby, rest, etc; and the space must plan encouraging relationship with other people. Moreover, it is required to consider to each of personal characteristics ingeniously, and manage to programs extending their durability in common space of elderly housing.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2017

A new method to decompose the footprints of marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery into characteristic spatial scales is proposed. Using two-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) we obtain three Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), which mainly present longitudinal rolls, three-dimensional cells and atmospheric gravity waves (AGW). The rolls and cells have spatial scales between 3.0 km and 3.8 km and between 5.3 km and 7.1 km, respectively. Based on previous observations and mixed-layer similarity theory, we estimated MABL's depths that vary from 0.95 km to 1.2 km over the rolls and from 3.0 km to 3.8 km over the cells. The AGW has maximum spectrum at 14.3 km wavelength. The method developed in this work can be used to decompose other satellite imageries into individual features through characteristic spatial scales.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.483-489
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• 2019

True color images display colors similar to natural colors. This has the advantage that it is possible to monitor rapidly the complex earth atmosphere phenomenon and the change of the surface type. Currently, various organizations are producing true color images. In Korea, it is necessary to produce true color images by replacing generations with next generation weather satellites. Therefore, in this study, visual enhancement for true color image production was performed using Top of Atmosphere (TOA) data of Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) sensor mounted on Himawari-8 satellite. In order to improve the visualization, we performed two methods of Nonlinear enhancement and Histogram equalization. As a result, Histogram equalization showed a strong bluish image in the region over $70^{\circ}$ Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) compared to the Nonlinear enhancement and nonlinear enhancement technique showed a reddish vegetation area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.963-975
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• 2011

For this research, they were monitored $CO_2$ flux and environmental factors ($CO_2$ concentration, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, soil pH, soil Eh) in foreshore, paddy field and woods sites at the winter season (January 2009) and the summer season (September 2009). Seasonal and spatial variations for monitored data were analyzed, and linear regression functions of $CO_2$ flux as environmental factors were estimated. $CO_2$ fluxes averaged between surface and atmosphere monitored in foreshore and paddy field at the winter season were shown $-8\;mgCO_2m^{-2}hr^{-1}$ and $-25\;mgCO_2m^{-2}hr^{-1}$, respectively. $CO_2$ fluxes averaged between surface and atmosphere monitored in foreshore and paddy field at the summer season were shown $47\;mgCO_2m^{-2}hr^{-1}$ and $117\;mgCO_2m^{-2}hr^{-1}$, respectively. Thus, $CO_2$ was sunk from atmosphere to surface at the winter season and it was emitted from surface to atmosphere at the summer season. $CO_2$ fluxes in woods site were emitted $145\;mgCO_2m^{-2}hr^{-1}$ at the winter season and $279\;mgCO_2m^{-2}hr^{-1}$ at the summer season.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.151-152
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• 2001

A common problem of the model simulations of the land surface - atmosphere interaction is to choose the appropriate spatial scale and resolution at which the simulations are to be performed. The accuracy of energy and water exchange predictions between the land surface and the atmosphere in regional and global scale atmospheric models is mainly influenced by: model simplifications applied to describe the spatial heterogeneity of land surface properties within individual grid cells; ignoring the variability of sub-grid properties (e.g. relief, vegetation, soils), and; lacks of necessary input meteorological and biophysical data.(omitted)