• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.45-49
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• 2008

The present paper describes the results of performance analysis for UH-60A rotor blade in hover. For the numerical simulations, commercial CFD software, FLUENT was used with Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The flow solver was based on node based scheme and second order spatial accuracy options was used for simulations. For the enhancement of wake capturing capability, high resolution grid was used around tip vortex region. Granting that somewhat over-prediction of thrust was observed near blade tip region, performance was well correlated with experimental data within 3% accuracy in the operating region. Finally it was shown that the present flow solver can be used as a preliminary performance analysis tool for hovering helicopter rotor blades.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

An axisymmetric supersonic screeching jet is numerically simulated to examine the length scales of screech frequency as well as screech tone generation mechanism. The axisymmetric Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in conjuction with a modified Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model are employed. It is demonstrated that the axisymmetric jet screech tones can be simulated correctly and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Instability waves, shock-cell structures and the phenomena of shock motion are investigated in detail to identify the screech tone generation mechanism. Shock spacings and standing wave length are analyzed to determine the dominent length scale crucial to the screech frequency formulation.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.1434-1441
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• 2001

A computational study has been performed to determine the effects of divergent trailing edge (DTE) modification to a supercritical airfoil in transonic flow field. For this, the computational result with the original DLBA 186 supercritical airfoil was compared to that of the modified DLBA 283. A wavier-Stokes code, Fluent 5. 1, was used with Spalart-Allmaras's one-equation turbulence model. Results in this study showed that the reduction in drag due to the DTE modification is associated with weakened shock and delayed shock appearance. The decrease in drag due to the DTE modification is greater than the increase in base drag. The effect of the recirculating flow region on lift increase was also observed. An airfoil with DTE modification achieved the same lift coefficient at a lower angle of attack while giving a lower drag coefficient. Thus, the lift-to-drag ratio increases in transonic flow conditions compared to the original airfoil. The lift coefficient increases considerably whereas the lift slope increases just a little due to DTE modification.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.44-53
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• 2007

A three-dimensional viscous flow solver has been developed for the prediction of the aerodynamic performance of hovering helicopter rotor blades using unstructured hybrid meshes. The flow solver utilized a vertex-centered finite-volume scheme that is based on the Roe's flux-difference splitting with an implicit Jacobi/Gauss-Seidel time integration. The eddy viscosity are estimated by the Spalart- Allmaras one-equation turbulence model. Calculations were performed at three operating conditions with varying tip Mach number and collective pitch setting for the Caradonna-Tung rotor in hover. Additional computations are made for the UH-60A rotor in hover. Reasonable agreements were obtained between the present results and the experiment in both blade loading and overall rotor performance. It was demonstrated that the present vertex-centered flow solver is an efficient and accurate tool for the assessment of rotor performance in hover.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.289-292
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• 2008

Highly over-expanded nozzle of the rocket engines will be excited by non-axial forces due to flow separation at sea level operations. Since rocket engines are designed to produce axial thrust to power the vehicle, non-axial static and/or dynamic forces are not desirable. Several engine failures were attributed to the side loads. Present work investigate the unsteady flow in an over-expanded rocket nozzle in order to estimate side load during a shutdown/starting. Numerical computations has been carried out with density based solver on multi-block structured grid. Present solver is explicit in time and unsteady time step is calculated using dual time step approach. AUSMDV is considered as a numerical scheme for the flux calculations. One equation Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is selected. Results presented here is for two nozzle pressure ratio i.e. 100 and 20. At 100 NPR, restricted shock separation (RSS) pattern is observed while, 20 NPR shows free shock separation (FSS) pattern. Side load is observed during the transition of separation pattern at different NPR.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2007

The present paper describes the results of performance analysis for UH-60A rotor blade in hover. For the numerical simulations, commercial CFD software, FLUENT was used with Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The flow solver was based on node based scheme and second order spatial accuracy options was used for simulations. For the enhancement of wake capturing capability, high resolution grid was used around tip vortex region. Granting that somewhat over prediction of thrust was observed near blade tip region, performance was well correlated with experimental data within 3% accuracy in the operating region. Finally it was shown that the present flow solver can be used for preliminary performance analysis tool for hovering helicopter rotor blades.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.193-196
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• 2004

Numerical optimization method of long endurance airfoil has been performed with a RSM(Response Surface Method) for smart UAV wing design. For the base line airfoil, NACA 64621 airfoil was selected and optimized to satisfy long endurance condition for smart UAV Aerodynamic coefficients required for RSM are obtained by using 2-D Navier-Stokes solver with Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The optimized airfoil showed increased maximum lift and endurance factors together with reasonable thickness ratio.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.11 no.4 s.35
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• pp.48-55
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• 2006

A computational study was carried out in order to investigate aerodynamic characteristics on leading edge sweepback angles of Flying-Wing configurations. The viscous-compressible Navire-Stokes equation and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model of the commercial CFD code were adopted for this computation analysis. This investigation examined aerodynamic characteristics of three different types of leading edge sweepback angles: $30^{\circ}C,\;35^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$. The freestream Mach number was M=0.80 and the angle of attack ranged from ${\alpha}=0^{\circ}C\;to\;{\alpha}=20^{\circ}C$. The results show that the increases in sweepback angle of the Flying-Wing configuration creates more efficient aerodynamic performance.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.783-786
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• 2002

The unsteady turbulent flow characteristics of NACA4406 airfoil at close proximity to the pound are numerically investigated, especially focused on the noise generation mechanism near the blunt trailing edge. The unsteady two-dimensional compressible Wavier-Stokes equations with a Spalart-Allmaras turbulence closure model are solved by the 6th-order compact scheme and the 4th-order Runge-Kutta scheme. The computation shows a noise generation by a feedback mechanism at the blunt tailing edge, where the acoustic-fluidic coupling occurs between the wall-reflected sound waves and the periodically disturbed turbulent shear layer.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.206-209
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• 2011

During landing approach, an airplane could experience dynamic unstable motion by the combination of a gust and elevator control to cancel the disturbances. This situation is dangerous and could lead to a loss of an airplane. In this paper, numerical analysis was used to study the effect of pitch oscillating 2-D high lift devices in a landing condition. Experimental data on a pitching naca0012 airfoil was used for code validation. Dynamic characteristics of an airfoil, single slotted flap for mid-class passenger aircraft were analyzed. Unsteady Navier-Stokes analysis was performed with Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model for separation dominant low speed flow. As a result, flow hysteresis of a flapped airfoil was more complex than that of an oscillating airfoil. So, dynamic analysis of a flap in a landing condition is very important for operational safety.