• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.487-495
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• 2003

Bearings at the obtuse corner are subjected to much larger vertical reactions than other bearings because of the geometric shape of skew bridges. The current relevant specifications require that additional bars should be disposed at the bottom of concrete deck slabs to deal with the large vertical reaction on bearings at the obtuse corner. In this study, new methods of reducing the magnitude of the vertical reaction on bearings at the obtuse corner by the stiffness adjustment of bearings were proposed. The basic concept of proposed methods was to redistribute support reactions by reducing the vertical stiffness of bearings at the obtuse corner showing a relatively large vertical reaction. For 45 simply supported skew bridges designed according to the current relevant specifications, the redistribution effect of vertical reactions by the stiffness adjustment of bearings was investigated. Parameters such as skew angle, girder spacing, and deck aspect ratio that affect the distribution of support reactions were considered. The results of the analyses show that the magnitude of the vertical reaction on bearings at the obtuse corner can be reduced to the levels of straight bridges by replacing the existing bearings at the obtuse corner with new ones having the value of 1/10 or 1/20 of the vertical stiffness of the existing bearings. The reduction effect of the vertical reaction on bearings at the obtuse corner increases as the girder spacing decreases and it is more pronounced when the deck aspect ratio is 2.0.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.57-68
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• 1994

뿌리말뚝을 이용하여 기초 지반을 보강할 때 효과적인 배치 방법을 알기 위하여, 사질토 지반에서 R.H. Bassets와 N.C. Last가 제안한 보강패턴에 대하여, 말뚝 길이, 기초 길이 방향의 말뚝 간격과 말뚝 열의 수를 변화시키며 물리 모형 실험을 실시하였다. 모형 실험 결과에 의하면, 뿌리말뚝 길이와 기초 폭의 비($L_p/B_f$)가 5이상일 때 지지력은 거의 증가하지 않는다. 그리고 기초 길이 방향의 말뚝 간격이 작을수록 지반 보강 효과는 크지만, 기초 길이,방향의 말뚝 간격이 말뚝 직경의 약 6배일 때 말뚝 1개당 보강효과가 가장 좋았다. R.H. Bassett와 N.C.Last가 제안한 보강패턴에서 둘째열 말뚝의 보강 효과가 가장 우수하였으며, 가장 바깥 열의 말뚝은 보강 효과가 거의 없었다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2011

We investigate theoretically the combined effect of fiber chromatic dispersion and self-phase modulation (SPM) on multi-channel subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) optical transmission systems in terms of the detected RF carrier power and SPM-induced power gain after transmission over single-mode fiber (SMF) links. According to the calculated power gain due to the SPM effect at the transmission distance of P3dB using the detected radio-frequency (RF) carrier power after photo-detection, the power gain is significantly degraded with large optical modulation index (OMI), small SCM channel spacing, and large fiber launching power because of the increased interaction between subcarrier channels. The nonlinear phase shift due to linear and nonlinear fiber characteristics is investigated to explain these results in detail. The numerical simulation results show that the OMI per SCM channel has to be smaller than 10 % for the fiber launching power of 10 dBm to guarantee prevention of SPM-induced power gain degradation below 0.5 dB for the SCM system with the channel spacing of 100 MHz. This result is expected to be utilized for the optical transmission systems using the SCM technology in future radio-over-fiber (RoF) networks.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.367-384
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• 2014

The study deals with the physical modeling of a typical single storeyed building frame resting on pile foundation and embedded in cohesive soil mass using the finite element based software SAP-IV. Two groups of piles comprising two and three piles, with series and parallel arrangement thereof, are considered. The slab provided at top and bottom of the frame along with the pile cap is idealized as four noded and two dimensional thin shell elements. The beams and columns of the frame, and piles are modeled using two noded one dimensional beam-column element. The soil is modeled using closely spaced discrete linear springs. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters of the pile foundation, such as spacing in a group and number of piles in a group, on the response of superstructure. The response considered includes the displacement at the top of the frame and bending moment in columns. The soil-structure interaction effect is found to increase the displacement in the range of 38 -133% and to increase the absolute maximum positive and negative moments in the column in the range of 2-12% and 2-11%. The effect of the soil- structure interaction is observed to be significant for the type of foundation and soil considered in this study. The results obtained are compared further with those of Chore et al. (2010), wherein different idealizations were used for modeling the superstructure frame and sub-structure elements (foundation). While fair agreement is observed in the results in either study, the trend of the results obtained in both studies is also same.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2020

The main objective of this experimental study is to investigate shear strength of reinforced concrete beams according to longitudinal reinforcement ratio (ρ) and size effect. In order to find out the shear strength according to the tensile reinforcement ratio, in particular, the main variables are 100%, 75% and 50% of ρ=0.01 which is widely used in construction field. A total of twelve RC beams were tested under 4-point loading conditions. In addition to the existing proposal equations, the theoretical values such as KBC and ACI equations are compared with the experimental data. Through this analysis, this study is designed to provide more reasonable equations for shear design of reinforced concrete beams. When shear reinforcement bar spacing of nine specimens (R^*-1, R^*-2, and R^*-3 series) fixed as d/s=2.0 and three specimens of R^*-4 series fixed as d/s=1.5 are compared, the shear strength of two groups showed similar values. As a result, the current standard of d/s=2.0 for shear reinforcement bar spacing may be somewhat alleviated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.507-534
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• 2015

The present work investigates the behavior of the embankment models resting on soft soil reinforced with ordinary and stone columns encased with geogrid. Model tests were performed with different spacing distances between stone columns and two lengths to diameter ratios (L/d) of the stone columns, in addition to different embankment heights. A total number of 42 model tests were carried out on a soil with undrianed shear strength $${\sim_\sim}10kPa$$. The models consist of stone columns embankment at s/d equal to 2.5, 3 and 4 with L/d ratio equal 5 and 8. Three embankment heights; 200 mm, 250 mm and 300 mm were tested for both tests of ordinary (OSC) and geogrid encased stone columns (ESC). Three earth pressure cells were used to measure directly the vertical effective stress on column at the top of the middle stone column under the center line of embankment and on the edge stone column for all models while the third cell was placed at the base of embankment between two columns to measure the vertical effective stress in soft soil directly. The performance of stone columns embankments relies upon the ability of the granular embankment material to arch over the 'gaps' between the stone columns spacing. The results showed that the ratio of the embankment height to the clear spacing between columns (h/s-d) is a key parameter. It is found that (h/s-d)<1.2 and 1.4 for OSC and ESC, respectively; (h is the embankment height, s is the spacing between columns and d is the diameter of stone columns), no effect of arching is pronounced, the settlement at the surface of the embankment is very large, and the stress acting on the subsoil is virtually unmodified from the nominal overburden stress. When $(h/s-d){\geq}2.2$ for OSC and ESC respectively, full arching will occur and minimum stress on subsoil between stone columns will act, so the range of critical embankment height will be 1.2 (h/sd) to 2.2 (h/s-d) for both OSC and ESC models.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.986-991
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted at Suwanvajokkasikit Research Station, Pakchong, Nakornratchasima, Thailand, to determine the yield and quality of three different grass cultivars intercropped with leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala). The treatments consisted of three grass cultivars (ruzi, dwarf napier and Taiwan A25) as the main plots, planted between leucaena at three row spacings (1, 2 and 4 m width) as the sub plots and leucaena cutting height (10 and 25 cm above ground levels) as sub-sub-plots. Dwarf napier consistently produced more dry matter than Taiwan A25 or ruzi and Taiwan A25 outyielded ruzi. Leucaena yield was highest in the ruzi plot and lowest in the dwarf napier plot. However, yields of grass plus leucaena were highest in the dwarf napier plot and were lowest in the ruzi plots. The difference was due mainly to the grass components. Increasing the spacing between rows of leucaena resulted in a lower leucaena yield but the reverse was true for the grasses. Cutting of leucaena at 10 cm above ground levels depressed yields of leucaena but did not affect the associated grasses. In terms of herbage quality, it was found that the crude protein of leaves and stems of the dwarf napier and Taiwan A25 were higher than that of the ruzi grass. Leucaena gave higher levels of crude protein than all grasses. The phosphorus and potassium levels of all grasses were higher than leucaena. ADF levels were higher in the grasses than in the legumes. Nutrient contents in the leaves and stems of grasses and leucaena were not affected by leucaena spacing and cutting height.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 포장에 횡방향으로 프리스트레싱을 가할 때 포장체에 발생하는 응력분포를 분석하여 긴장간격에 따른 특성을 파악하고 종방향과 횡방향 긴장의 상호 영향을 분석하기 위하여 유한요소 모델을 개발하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 연구결과 횡방향 긴장간격은 작을수록 응력분배를 적절하게 할 수 있고 압축응력의 손실범위를 줄일 수 있으나 경제성 문제를 제고하여 적절한 긴장간격을 선정하여야 한다. 포장체의 노견, 주행위치, 중앙부 등의 여러 위치에서 분석한 횡방향 응력분포는 긴장간격이 넓을수록 평균응력과의 차이가 커지며 그 차이는 슬래브 중앙부로 갈수록 감소하게 된다. 횡방향 긴장을 가하면 종방향으로도 추가 긴장력 이 발생하게 되지만 그 크기는 무시 할 수 있을 정도로 작기 때문에 종횡방향 긴장 설계는 독립적으로 수행하여도 타당하다. 또한 횡방향 긴장 설계 시 이러한 긴장에 의한 응력분포를 이용하는 방안에 대해서도 본 논문에 언급하였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.258-264
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• 1996

폴리아닐린은 ammonium persulfate를 산화제로 하여 IM염산 수용액중에서 산화중합법으로 제조하였다. 탈수소 과정 후, 저분자량의 강산도판트, 및 분자량이 큰 도판트를 사용하여 도핑을 수행하였다. 폴리아닐린의 d-spacing을 $3.72{\AA}$에서 $4.844{\AA}$ 까지 조절할 수 있었는데, 고분자 또는 분자 크기가 큰 도판트를 찾아서 d-spacing이 폴리아닐린의 base film보다 크도록 조절하였다. 폴리아닐린의 물성은 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dielectric analyzer (DEA) 등을 사용하여 측정하였다. 본 연구에서는 annealed film으로 산소와 질소가 각각 0.072, 0.0105 barrer의 투과도를 나타내었으며 선택도는 6.87이었다. 고분자량의 도판트로써 도핑한 폴리아닐린의 기체투과특성은 투과도가 증가하고 선택도는 감소하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.491-496
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• 2010

Rijke관에 놓인 나선형 가열기에 의하여 생성되는 열음향 파워를 수치해로 구하였다. 음장의 각진동수와 공기의 열확산계수에 의하여 무차원화한 가열선의 지름 d, 간격 P-d 및 유속 $U_0$가 음향 파워 생성에 미치는 영향을 구하고 고찰하였다. 가열선 간격이 충분히 클 때 무차원 유속이 $U_0{\approx}0.8$, 무차원 지름이 d.4일 때 가장 큰 열음향파워가 생성된다. 그러나 가열선 사이의 간격이 가까워지면 음향 파워 생성이 크게 증가하며 $d{\approx}2$, $P-d{\approx}3$에서 최대로 되며, 간격이 충분히 먼 경우의 최대값의 5배 이상이 될 수 있다. 최대 음향파워를 생성하는 유속은 가열선 간격에 관계없이 $U_0{\approx}0.8$일 때이다.