• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

The Youth Hostel in Korea, differently from that of other countries, has been introduced in order to attract School Excursion Group, and was developed as one of Youth Training Facilities. Youth Hostel as Youth Training Facility can be utilized as a healthy experiential space for youth education, as a stage for an international interchange, as a field for the lifelong education of various classes, and is also the Lodging Accommodation which is now highly appearing of the demand as a safe and educational lodging place to both individuals and family-unit tourists. The Purpose of this Research is aimed to provide the necessary fundamental materials to the planned forthcoming future Youth Hostel, after grasping of such present status as well as its structure and composition of space and spacial characteristic. Since Youth Hostel in Korea is managing on the center of the basis for youths and other groups, in order to compute the proper heads, it is required the scale-level which can accommodate all students in One-Unit Grade of a school at minimum. Accordingly, it seems that must be equipped with accommodating capacity of more than 300~400 persons. As because of recent quality-improvement in the portion of Youth Hostel Lodging, it is under planning with containing of the Sanitary Space at inside of lodging room, and Self-Cooking Space as well. In compliance with such various particulars, it looks that the lodging area should be at least more than $3.5m^2$ per a person.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.133-140
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• 2008

This study is purposed to understand the usage of the color and the material pattern in detail and to apply for interior architecture. Many documents have prescribed the color and the pattern at random. While the usage of the color and the materials was ignored rather than architectural form, the importance of the color and the materials stands out in modern interior space. The villa, the weekend home of the Savoye family, was built between 1928 and 1931. Particularly, the villa Savoye was focused for this study. Le Corbusier viewed case pieces for storage and wall partition for division as architecture, and he units furniture and architecture by developing partition that could be painted either the wall color to become part of the wall or in contrasting colors to stand out as wall partition. He loved white and lie believed in using it for interiors, but noted that it should also be balanced with a wall related polychromy. Color became an integral part of white structure of the villa savoye that was raised on stilt with an exterior wall at the base painted green as a visual connection with the lawn. Color was used architecturally in the interior as well, with white walls interrupted by planes of pink, blue and red ocher and it gives the space an unexpected playfulness with tile color of the finishing materials. the various usage of the color and material patterns constitute an element of great architectural richness. They have a unique principle based on emotional order and make the man move to another space and experience the spacial connection.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.172-179
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• 2010

The Sydney Opera House is built on a peninsula of rock that juts out into Sydney Harbor. The site was once a landing place for ships. Utzon, Architect, designed the theatres for the Opera House to fit the shape. The two theatres were placed side by side so that they both had extensive harbor views. The Sydney Opera House is designed the foyers to take full advantage of these sights. Because the building would be seen from all sides, even from above, it was to be a piece of sculpture. The outside was as important as the inside. The audience enters from behind the stage and walks around to the foyers overlooking the harbour. The wing and backstage areas are small because of the way the foyers wrap around the theatre. The stage is made up of large platform lifts which provide the vertical movement for changing scenery. The sets come up from the workshops below stage. The flytower fits under the largest roof shell and doesn't break the skyline. The important elements are the podium, the shells and the reminders. The podium, the huge monolithic concrete structure, contains hundreds of rooms and nearly all the technical equipment. The podium is clad with pink granite slabs and seen from the water. This design eliminated a maze of fire escape stairs and, at the same time, gave people a wonderful view of the harbour. The egg shell is remarkably strong and express the form as the symbol of the site.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.453-468
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• 2016

This study is a result of experiment to recognize geometric and spacial conceptions for early childhood. This researcher had built up Mandala figures which was an intermediary between consciousness and unconsciousness, and then have studied about early childhood's geometric and spatial concepts by using Mandala figures. In this paper, authors have studied fractal art activities of early childhood as a follow-up study, since the structure of fractal art is similar to Mandala. As a result, three years old young children have significant correlation in four areas(figure perception, visual discrimination, position-in space perception and visual memory), but five years old young children have significant in three areas(figure perception, position-in space perception and visual memory). For five years old group, there is some difference between boys and girls, also they had described for their art activities like real models.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.48-54
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• 2015

In this study, we propose an innovative lateral force distribution building system between tall buildings by utilizing the difference of moment of inertia, resulting the reduction of lateral displacement and the lateral forces in terms of an alternative for the dense human and increased cost of lands in highly integrated city area. A successive collapse prevention means by providing additional bearing plate between connections is proposed. In addition to that, a more economical vibration reduction is expected due to the suggested tuned mass damper on the surface of spacial structure. In the considered verification examples, reduced drifts at the top location of the building systems are validated against static wind pressure loads and static earthquake loads. The suggested hybrid building system will improve the safety and reliability of the new or existing building system in terms of more than 30% reduced drift and vibration through the development of convergence of tall buildings and spatial structures.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.435-446
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• 1998

It is suggested that Urechis unicinctus is a filler feeder as like many tide and watery invertebrates which filtrate food materials by ciliary movement. However, the structure of the filter is not yet known in U. unicinctus, nor the filtering mechanism is not well understood. This study reveals ciliated epithelial cells in the foregut and the features of the cilia are good accord with that of known filtrating apparatus of other tide animals. This may implies that the foregut is in function of filtration and the food materials are filtrated by the ciliary movement. With the observation of the filtrating apparatus in the foregut, the intestine of U. unicinctus can be functionally compartmented into 3 parts. These are already known midgut and hindgut in function of digestion and respiration respectively, and the foregut in function of filtrating apparatus for foods. The filtrating apparatus of U. unicinctus is composed of the pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells with numerous cilia. The cilia are well differentiated kinocilia with the typical microtubule pattern, kinetosome and cilia roots. There are two kinds of striated cilia roots, the main root and the accessory root. The main root is extended perpendicularly from the cell surface to basement membrane and the short accessory root is branched with an acute angle of about $80^{\circ}$ from the main root at level of basal plate of the kinetosome. The spacial approaches of the main root with the large fused form of mitochondria is one of the characteristic features which might be in structural consideration an intimate association between energy source and energy mass consuming cell organelles.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1305-1310
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• 2007

ePosition is a technology that can provide the spacial position of the earth to the information of ePosition ID through the Internet. It is serving the information of land location based on the Internet using the ePosition technology now, but it needs the service technique which can supply the marine data and the information of maritime position. Moreover, to support the information service of marine position, it needs the ENC linked technique based on S-57 that is an IHO transfer standard for digital hydrographic data. In this paper, therefore, it develops a linkage method for applying and utilizing the ePosition technology to ENC data, and supplements the base technology for applying it to marine related fields. As study method, firstly, this paper analyses ENC data model and structure, and converses for processing ENC file to ePosition data. Lastly, it derives the interconnection method with ePosition database and shows the ePosition service application based on the linked data and its validity.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2013

This study represents something in common and differences of organic characteristics between early modern architecture and contemporary architecture analysing F. L. Wright's Robie House and Toyo Ito's Sendai Mediatheque. A natural organic body cannot be separated from the natural environment, and each part of an architecture has each own property and forms a whole at the same time. That is a basic concept of organic architecture, and a framework for analysis is set up based on it. The followings are similarities and differences of organic concept and interpretation between Wright's Robie House and Ito's Sendai Mediatheque First, Wright' Robie house unites with the natural surrounding, using a physically close connection to the ground. In contract, Ito's Mediatheque shows characteristics of noncentural and fluidic space that are metaphorically reflecting tangible and intangible of factors in modern city, where there is an ambiguous physical boundary between architecture and urban environment. Next, floors, walls and ceilings of Wright's housing as for basic building blocks are physically separated and at the same time form formative unity from the point of view of a physical and structural organic body. And continuous flow of faces of separated walls form an organism united with the nature from a physical aspect. On the contrary to this, there is an no-boudary and floating organic architecture of integrated structure from ambiguous setting of relation between architecture and urban space in Ito's architecture. Especially, Mediatheque shows semantic integration of floating urban environmental factors through horizontal and vertical integration of horizontal slabs, vertical pipes, and skins. Last, horizontal and vertical factors of Wright' Housing is appreciated as an basic experienced structure in terms of spacial perception and fluidic inner spaces in Wright's housing is completed with a series of spatial experiences in a visual sense. On the other hand, no-boundary and floating space of Ito's architecture accept user's physical and virtual body. Especially, there is an integration transcending beyond time and space, accepting an imaginary body and events with the course of time at Ito's Mediatheque.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.603-606
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• 1991

The crystal structure of Probenecid has been determined from 2574 independent reflections collected on an automatic ENRAF-NONIUS CAD-4 diffractometer using graphite-monochromated $Mo-K{\alpa}$ radiation. The crystal is triclinic, space group P$\bar{1}$ with unit cell dimensions a = 7.535(2)${\AA}$, b = 18.473 (5)${\AA}$, c = 5.317(9)${\AA}$, ${\alpha} = 92.00(5)^{\circ}$, ${\beta} = 99.02(5)^{\circ}$, ${\gamma} = 94.89(2)^{\circ}$, V = 727.4(2)${\AA}^3$, Z = 2, $D_m$ = 1.310, $D_x$ = $1.302 gcm^{-3}$, ${\mu}$ = $1.88 cm^{-1}$, F(000) = 304, and T = 298 K. Final R = 0.0676 and $R_w$ = O.0630 for 1209 reflections > 5${\sigma}(F_o)$. In the spacial arrangement about N(13), the sum of bond angles about nitrogen is 350.9° and the nitrogen lies only 0.268(6)${\AA}$ out of S(1)-C(14)-C(17) plane. The S(1)-C(4) distance is 1.792(6)${\AA}$ and the C(4)-S(1)-N(13) angle is $106.5(3)^{\circ}$. The overall conformation of the molecule is folded with respect to sulfur.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.350-359
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• 2007

Most large cut slopes of open pit mines, roadways, and railways are steeply inclined and composed with rocks that do not contain soils. However, these rock slopes suffer both weathering and fragmentation. In the case of steep slopes, falling rock and collapse of a slope may often occur due to surface erosion. Cast-in place concrete and rubble work are the most widely used earth structure-based pressure supports that act as restraints against the collapse of the rock slope. In order to overcome the shortcomings of conventional retaining walls, a segmental grid retaining wall is being used with connects precasted segments to construct the wall. In this study, laboratory model test was conducted to estimate deformation behavior of segmental grid retaining wall with configuration of rear strecher, height and inclination of the wall. In order to examine the behavior characteristics of a segmental grid retaining wall, this research analyzes the aspects of spacial displacement through relative displacement according to change in the inclination of the wall. Also, the walls behavior according to the formation and status of the rear stretcher which serves the role of transferring the load from the header and the stretcher which make up the wall, the displacement of backfill materials in the wall, and the location of the maximum load were surveyed and the characteristics of displacement in the segmental grid retaining wall were observed. The test results of the segmental grid retaining wall showed that there was a sudden increase in failure load according to the decrease in the wall's height and the size of the in was greatly decreased. Furthermore, it revealed that with identical inclination and height, the structure of the rear stitcher did not greatly affect the starting point or size of maximum horizontal displacement, but rather had a stronger effect on the inclination of the wall.