• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.141-150
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• 2021

Recently, interest of consumers in home furnishing products has increased steadily because of the increased time spent at home due to COVID-19. Among them, carpets made of various materials and technologies are becoming popular interior item. Academic and industrial sectors agreed on the need to produce premium design carpets. Prior research on carpet design was mostly focused on patterns, history, with insufficient investigations on the type. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop premium design carpets by analyzing their expression types. To analyze expression types, this study covered about 400 design carpets surveyed on the websites of eight major carpet companies from January 2021 to March 2021. Based on the analysis results, the five expression types of are as follows. Firstly, the expression type was expressed in various atypical forms that was deviated from the formal form. Secondly, it was a type that improves visual and tactile effects through a variety of 3-D textures. Thirdly, it was a type of diversification of motifs, which was based on the works of artists and designers in various fields. Fourthly, it was a type that combines two or more different materials and techniques. Finally, it was a modular type that can be applied in various ways to various spaces. Based on the analysis results of this study, it is hoped that the data will be helpful to produce premium design carpets in Korea.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 2021

The causes of noise generation according to the classification of indoor spaces are very diverse. Individual happiness is infringed by this noise. In this paper, We tried to visualize the spatial sound characteristics of public places using sound color to express them so that anyone can sympathize. The noise inside a conference room of a medical device company was measured for 100 minutes, and the frequency band was divided into three different types of existing sound pressure expression units. Because the size of the noise is expressed differently depending on the situation, There are cases where there is a difference of opinion between the measurer and the researcher. This noise measurement experiment was conducted, and the sound color was applied to classify it on a log scale considering auditory characteristics. As a result of comparing this with the result expression for different loudness expression units, A specific table in different units yielded almost similar results. In addition, the sound source section for 100 minutes was divided into three analysis sections, the analysis sections were different, and the size of the energy ratio for each analysis section was divided in the form of an envelope. The characteristics of the low-frequency region of the space have a high energy ratio, and the decrease in the energy ratio according to the increase in frequency is constant and regular. You can see that conversations are possible.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.587-597
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• 2017

If we, as educators, want to put students at the center of learning in science classroom, we must let students express their voices and exercise authority. To do this, we developed a classroom activity about 'Making a pet poster', and then we explored how elementary school students perceived their roles and expressed their authority during this activity. Fourth grade students from an elementary school in the city of Seoul participated in the activity, which was videotaped and recorded. We found that students expressed their epistemic authority differently in small group activities and in whole group discussions. In small group activities, they desired to show their authority as "pet experts" by using and selecting various resources from their everyday lives and transforming those resources into suitable forms in public spaces. Meanwhile, in whole group discussions, participants were classified as either presenters or audience members to verify their authority in regard to the pet poster activity; presenters desired to achieve recognition as "pet experts," and audience members assessed the presenters as "testers." In addition, they expressed authority as teachers by leading the whole group discussions. Based on these findings, this paper suggests the implications for new educational strategies to foster a student-centered learning environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.363-373
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• 2018

In today's diversified society, it is hard to know which building style represents the architectural style of the time. The simplicity found in monolithic-style buildings forms a symmetrical point with fairly complex structure, and its value can be acknowledged. This study analyzes buildings made of insulating lightweight aggregate concrete in the early 21st century, defines the concept of monolithic expression, and examines how these characteristics are expressed in the space, forms, and structural methods in construction. Unlike a multi-layered exterior wall system, which features multiple layers composed of a variety of materials, the exterior walls built with insulating lightweight aggregate concrete comes in a lump form with a mold form that is tightly filled with concrete as a single material and is monolithic. This is attributed to the creation of spaces characterized by the homogeneity of inner and outer spaces with the use of the same material, continuity of the surface as solidity, spatial characteristics of the stereotomic construction, expression of materiality with the use of exposed concrete, and the contrast of the lump and the space. This not only reveals formal characteristics that expose a discourse about monolithic architecture in contemporary architecture but also provide an opportunity to extend the range of discussion to structures and materials and even to their effects on space.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.240-248
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• 1999

To investigate the expression pattern of noncollagenous bone matrix proteins such as osteonectin(OSN), osteopontin(OPN) and osteocalcin(OSC) mRNA during bony healing procedure induced by guided bone regeneration method, we made artificial defects on bilateral femur of rats. Then induced bony healing by application of a nonabsorbable PTFE membrane in experimental sites and without its application in control sites for 3 weeks. The mRNA expression pattern at specimens obtained at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after operation was detected by in situ hybridization method using its antisense mRNA probes. The experimental sites revealed more rapid and favorable bony healing than control sites and new bone formation was limited within defected area by inhibitory activity of bone marrow cells. In experimental sites, the OSN and OSC mRNA were expressed strongly on osteoblasts of regenerating cortical bone at 1st week and on osteoblasts lining the trabecular bone in marrow space at 3rd week, whereas, in control sites, their expression were noted on osteoblasts lining the reactively formed sponge bones at 2nd and 3rd week. In addition, the OPN mRNA was expressed on osteoblasts and osteoclasts at sites of remodeling and osteocytes of remained trabecular bone of defected area in experimental sites and on macrophages at 1st week and osteoclasts at sites of remolding at 2nd and 3rd week in control sites. The above findings suggest that the more rapid and favorable bony healing might be induced by blocking of invading fibrous connective tissue into bony defects. And the earlier expression of OSN and OSC mRNA on osteoblasts of experimental sites suggest that the formation and resorption of regenerating bone was more rapidly progressed in confined spaces made by applicate membranes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1924-1934
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• 2009

Mixture phenomena are present in the overall culture due to internationalization in a modern society. A unique feel is required in materials due to the increasing demand for knit wear and there is a need for a strategic plan to achieve this. This study analyzed the appearance frequency and expressive characteristics of mixture phenomena based on selected data from collections related to the mixture phenomena trends in modern women's fashion from 2000 to 2008. Among the mixture phenomena, the mixture of the high and low class cultures had the highest frequency of occurrence and was expressed most often since the expansion of design areas was due to vague high and low concepts. The mixture of sexes showed the sharing of knit wear trends between the sexes with the pursuit of functionality. The mixture of styles showed a tendency to increase since the traditional form was transformed into a mixture of typical styles. The mixture of spaces showed a mixture of old and traditional knit wear patterns from Northern Europe and modern elements. The mixture of other materials showed the partial preceding mixture and the decorative materials that existed beyond it. The mixture of functions refers to the used characteristics of the two items. Imagination will grow and increase the possibility of expressions with the mixture of the other areas.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2013

The configuration analysis for the image appeared in the storyboard as the 1st stage to change the scenario to the image expressed the visual phenomenon image starting from the literalism. The simultaneity of description on the interpretative level of the narrative description may describe various information multiple simultaneously, the relationship has been presented as a lot of these information has been weaved as one episode. The incident time of narrative description as the scene described mainly objectively and illustratively has been used usefully to present the accurate information for characters or incidents. The time series of narrative description appeared as one episode by expressing various spaces or images under the continuity of flow according to the time. The collision image seen from the angle of internal ignition played a role to create the meaning colliding into each other or interconnecting symbolic effects appeared as respectively fragmented image, the continuity of space played a role of expressing the different symbol when the image of completely different space is connected to one context, the continuity of time as well makes a different symbolism by interpreting symbols appeared as each images under the flow of time. These results show that the narrative description may be expressed in accordance with the narrative structure from the viewpoints of narrative description, but the internal ignition may be interpreted through the cultural and periodical background widely known in those years based on the experience and information capability the audiences are keeping not by any descriptive structure. Images appeared in the internal ignition appeared by colliding into each other or amplifying mutually no related scenes and revealing the overall symbolism by reinterpreting again.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.651-676
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• 2017

Shadow images are a representative medium and means of expression for the imagination that exists between consciousness and unconsciousness for thousands of years. Wherever light exists, people create play with their own shadows without special skills, and have made a fantasy at once. Shadow images have long been used as subjects and materials of literacy, art, philosophy, and popular culture. Especially in the field of art, people have been experimenting with visual stimulation through the uniqueness of simple silhouettes images. In the field of animation, it became to be recognized as a form of non - mainstream areas that are difficult to make. However, shadow images have been used more actively in the field of digital arts and media art. In this Environment with technologies, Various formative imaginations are being expressed more with shadow images in a new dimension. This study is to introduce and analyze these trends, the aesthetic transformations and extended methods focusing on digital silhouette animation and recent media art works using shadow images. Screen-based silhouette animation combines digital technology and new approaches that have escaped conventional methods have removed most of the elements that have been considered limitations, and these factors have become a matter of choice for the directors. Especially, in the display environment using various light sources, projection, and camera technology, shadow images were expressed with multiple-layered virtual spaces, and it becomes possible to imagine a new extended imagination. Through the computer vision, it became possible to find new gaze and spatial images and use it more flexibly. These changes have given new possibility to the use shadow images in a different way.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.296-309
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• 2020

Carol Christian Poell is a designer famous for experimental designs and presentations. Poell's actions in the fashion-world resemble Fluxus, an anti-art group that started working in the 1950s. This study analyzed the works of Poell based on the characteristics of Fluxus and then compared the works of Poell with the performance of Nam June Paik, a Fluxus artist. We conducted literature studies and case studies. We examined the works of Poell and Paik based on the four characteristics of Fluxus: iconoclasm, unity of art and life, playfulness and chance. The results were as follows. First, they were engaged in anti-aesthetic works. While Paik concentrated on the content aspect of works, Poell was more focused on formal aspects. Second, neither of them distinguished between art and life. Paik achieved it by including audiences in his works; however, Poell attained it by adopting daily spaces as a place to display presentations and use ready-made forms. Third, they showed playfulness with a satirical nuance. Paik expressed it in an erotic way; however, Poell implied it through the irrational settings of circumstance. Finally, they created works by utilizing chance. Paik focused on auditory elements and the content aspects of works; however, Poell used the coincidence of visual and tactile elements when creating his works. This study compared the works of Poell with Paik and has its significance in its usefulness to understand designers with Fluxus characteristics in the fashion industry.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2011

Purpose: Chronic inflammatory gingival lesions occur as pyogenic granulomas or non-specific chronic suppurative lesions. Methods: Of the 59 chronic inflammatory gingival lesions examined, plasma cell granuloma (n=14), which showed an intense antibody-mediated immune reaction with the increased infiltration of plasma cells, was observed as a pseudotumor-like gingival overgrowth and myofibroblastic or fibrohistiocytitc proliferation of stromal cells with a heavy collection of plasma cells. The levels of CD3, CD20, CD31, CD68, RANKL, cathepsin G, cathepsin K, lysozyme, TNF${\alpha}$, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the 14 cases of gingival plasma cell granuloma with immunohistochemical detection were measured to determine the pathogenetic progresses of the plasma cell granuloma compared to the common pyogenic granuloma (n=45) in the gingiva. Results: The gingival lesions of the plasma cell granuloma could be divided into three histological types, plasma cell predominant type (PPT, n=8), mixed inflammatory cell type (MICT, n=2), and sclerosed fibrosis type (SFT, n=4). The PPT showed a condensed infiltration of plasma cells into the perivascular spaces of the granulomatous lesion with frequent formation of Russel's body in their cytoplasm. The MICT showed the concomitant infiltration of many macrophages together with plasma cells, resulting in the diffuse destruction of stromal fibrous tissue. The SFT showed granulomatous lesions replaced gradually by thick collagenous fibrous tissue, resembling an inflammatory pseudotumor. The SFT expressed strongly the lymphocytic markers, CD3 and CD20, and the macrophage/monocyte markers, CD31 and CD68, but showed reduced expression of common inflammatory markers, TNF${\alpha}$, cathepsin G, lysozyme, MMP-2, and MMP-9, as well as the reduced expression of osteoclastogenic markers, RANKL and cathepsin K. Conclusion: These results suggest that a gingival plasma cell granuloma shows variable gene expression for cell-mediated immunity and stromal tissue degeneration, undergoing sclerotic fibrosis with a persistent inflammatory reaction.