• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2014

This study is to explain social capital characteristics of Filipino immigrant women at the level of neighborhood. This research targeted Filipino immigrant women in the metropolis, small town and rural area in Korea to find out the relevance of individual property and characteristics of the community and social capital of neighboring communities- school community, cathedral community, etc- through measurement of the participants' recognition. This study reveals that differences exist in the relationship between length of residence and social capital in the school community and the catholic church community. There is a significant positive relationship between length of residence and political factors in the catholic church community, thereby having a better relationship with longer period of stay, while length of residence and confidence show a negative trend in the school community, leading to less confidence. The catholic church community holds a dominant position in homogeneity, cohesion, and the amount of social capital. According to the findings, social capital 'relation' is more closely related to homogeneity of the community, 'norms' to cohesion. 'Relation and norms' and 'confidence and politics' factors are recognized similarly in both communities, thus resulting in the recognition that decision making within the community, the share of value, and observance of social norms approximate a friendly relationship among members, and satisfaction level, emotional support, and confidence among members approach politics that members can talk about their personal matters. It is noted in the research process that the symbolism of the cathedral community as a transnational circuit behavior occurs where collective culture and personal desires of Filipino immigrant women were combined with production of social capital. Filipino immigrant women's awareness of community and social capital appearing in the cathedral community show that not only residence, along with the cultural identity of Filipino immigrant women, but also collective social and cultural characteristics, such as 'family reunion' can not be overlooked. In particular, at this time when discussion and debate on the interculturalism over multiculturalism is heating up, communal spirit and social capital based on the ethnic identity are important in that they can be a crucial path to the cross-cultural interaction with our society, therefore, a study on the social capital of the ethnic community needs to be encouraged and extended to more diverse communities, to the space of the multilayered scale.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.497-507
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to assess the situation of foodservice facilities, utilities, and physical environment in the Chonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 252 nutrition teachers and school dietitians. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS v. 11.5 program. The results were summarized as follows: Approximately 99.2% of the subjects were women 76.6% were married, over 87% were between the ages of 30 and 40(p<0.01) and 56.8% had more than 11 years of experience(p<0.001). Among the 252 school foodservice systems evaluated, 51.6% of the schools were located in urban areas and 48.0% were in rural areas(p<0.01). Approximately 68.0% of the schools prepared meals in the conventional way, and 32.3% prepared them in the commissary way(p<0.001). The number of employees at each institution was separated into the following categories: 1 to 3(37.7%), 4 to 6(27.8%), and 7 to 9(25.4%, p<0.01). Approximately 54.0% of schools had been running a school meal service for longer than 11 years(p<0.001). However, 67.5% of those facilities had not been remodeled since the initial implementation of foodservices. Approximately 94.0% of the school foodservice facilities were located on the first floor. 72.2% among them were constructed of reinforced concrete and 16.7% were prefabricated(p<0.001). As the result of our evaluation of related physical evidence and the atmosphere of the space, the average importance grade was $4.41{\pm}0.46$, and the average performance grade was $2.78{\pm}0.67$. Most nutrition teachers and school dietitians in elementary, middle, & high schools responded that the related physical evidence and the atmosphere of the space in school foodservice facilities were important, but the satisfaction level among the nutrition teachers and school dietitians was quite low. Therefore, it's important and necessary to analyze the opinions of the stakeholders in the foodservice industry prior to the remodeling of school foodservice facilities and utilities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2014

This study aimed to conduct an eye-tracking experiment carried with facade images as a medium and to do research on 'the interest of the eyes' resulted from people's gazing phenomena. This study secured gazing data which appeared according to visual response and analyzed gazing phenomena to find the basic theory of 'the interest of the eyes' as a methodological role, which consumer interest and attention could be grafted when a plan and a design for space design was made. Data terms used in eye-tracking backgrounds and the movement of the eyes were investigated in literature review. Twenty (20) facade images were selected through a case study to get experimental stimuli for the related experiment. Thirty (30) subjects (men and women) suitable for the experiment were recruited to conduct an eye-tracking experiment. After the experiment, five (5) areas were set up in the facade image to identify the focus level of interest and attention. The level of interest and focus was connected to the interest of the eyes. The analysis to study the interest of the eyes was based on nine (9) items such as sequence, entry time, dwell time, hit ratio, revisits, revisitors, average fixation, first fixation and fixation count. Through gaze analysis, the following conclusion was drawn about the 'interest level of sight' for gaze frequency. The interest level can be interpreted to be higher for faster sequence, shorter entry time, longer all fixation(ms) for dwell time, faster all saccade(%), higher hit ratio, more revisits, more revisitors, longer average fixation, faster and longer first fixation, and more fixation count, and the person can be said to have felt interest faster and/or more.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 1998

With the renewed definition of "office". it's function and role has been reduced. Therefore. home oofices are beginning to draw people's attention. Office within the home is called SOHO (Small Office Home Office). SOHO has become possible with the development of information and telecommunication network technology. Recently. companies are adopting the SOHO system along with the trends of business restructuring. The SOHO offers workers to enjoy more flexible work time and enhance concentration thus improving jop efficiency. Companies will be able to cut down on fixed expenses and increase productivity. In addition. such working conditions will contribute to relieve traffic and environmental problems and furthermore it will make it possible to take advantage of potential workforce of women. the elderly and the handicapped. "Home Office" is expected to be one of the prevailing work system in the near future. Therefore. it is all the more important to study design problems including space design and furniture arrangement in order to improve work efficiency and provide a creative working environment. Moreover. architects and interior designers as well as experts on related fields such as information network. telecommunications. management and employment should continue to carry out joint researches for reasonable home office furniture and environment design.nd environment design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.92-100
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop a method to spread out the ecological ponds in urban areas more effectively. It is urgent to supply the ecological ponds in more broad scope to ensure the water space in urban areas which has been dried out. It is necessary to formulate a plan for improving the amenity in the cities through creation a biotop in swampy land by building rainfall ponds. Thus, a model of the ecological pond in this study has been developed by reviewing the related researches which provide the theoretical basis and by considering the characteristics of nature for a naturally approached pond. This study has produced a ecological pond model in order to introduce and spread out damp biotop. Ecological aspects have been mainly considered in designing and building the pond model. This model consists of areas for emerged plants and bog plants and has its advantage in providing animals and insects with habitats and shelters. In addition, the model includes areas for emerged plants, which are very effective in purification of the rainfall from the rooftop. After the construction of the pond, the plants were planted according to the plan, and the infiltration trench was installed beside the pond to drain out the overflow of the pond. The result of this research has shown the possibility of supplying the ecological pond in small parks and in schools of the city in an easy way. Through the application of this pond system, the water cycle and the ecosystem in urban areas will be improved.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.247-280
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual conditions of management of the healthy family field practicum and to present suggestions for its improvement. For this purpose, a preliminary investigation, survey, data analysis, interview as secondary source, and final data analysis were processed as research methods. The subjects of this study were the 42 supervisors in the centers which oversee the field practicum experience and the 12 supervisors in the centers which do not oversee the field practicum experience. 3 supervisors were interviewed to inquire about the reformation of field instruction in Healthy Family Support Centers. Analysis was made of the general characteristics of the above-mentioned 54 supervisors, including sex, age, academic background, certificate of qualification, class of position, and length of career related to the healthy family program. The environment of the field practice, such as the numbers of students supervised, time of field practice, practice hours, and so on, was examined in the centers which oversee the field practicum experience. The actual condition of operation investigated was divided into the preparatory stage, the early stage, the midterm stage, and the end stage. Research was conducted on the improvement of the field practicum, including the proper number of students supervised, adequate practice hours, interaction with universities or colleges, obstacles to the field practicum, and of practicum. The possibility and preparation of a further field practicum was conducted for 12 Healthy Family Support Centers, by inquiring about (a) the reasons for not overseeing the field practicum experience and (b) the needs of universities or colleges for a field practicum. The 54 supervisors surveyed suggested a particular need for improvement in human resources, the space of field instruction, system of field practicum, length of practice hours, orientation for students etc. This study investigated the actual conditions and suggested improvements of the field practicum in Healthy Family Support Centers. Therefore, its results should be meaningfully used to develop the Field Practicum for the Healthy Family and to conduct further studies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.231-241
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• 2018

Free from limitations of time and space, diet management with smartphones can be highly useful for college students. This study aimed to improve the utility of diet related apps by efficacy and app evaluation after using the apps for 2 weeks. Results showed that the intent for continuing use apps was low, and the lack of efficacy indicated the currently developed apps had not significantly influenced their motivating healthy diet. Average app rating was $3.12{\pm}0.85$. Among 4 rating factors, convenience and contents were relatively higher than usefulness and community. Especially, there was significant difference in contents and convenience according to gender, contents and community according to BMI and previous diet experience. In the future, considering the needs and characteristics of college students, we need to find ways to enhance the usefulness of the app and to strengthen the social networking.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2017

Objective : We evaluated the validity of bone cement-augmented percutaneous screw fixation for treating malignant spinal metastases. Methods : Between 2011 and 2015, 14 patients (eight men and six women) who underwent bone cement-augmented percutaneous screw fixation for malignant spinal metastases were enrolled in this study. Their life expectancy was considered to be more than one month and less than one year, based on the revised Tokuhashi scoring system. Clinical findings including the back pain scale score, functional outcome, procedure related complications, and survival were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and then six months after the procedure. Results : Twelve of the patients (86%) survived up to six months after the procedure. Three required mini-open decompressive laminectomy for severe epidural compression. Bone cement-augmented percutaneous screw fixation was performed one level above, one level below, and at the pathologic level itself. The mean operation time was 60 minutes (45-180) and blood loss was less than 100 mL. Prior to surgery, the mean pain score on the visual analogue scale was 8.8, while one month after the procedure, it had reduced to 3.0; this improvement was maintained until the six-month assessment in the surviving patients. All patients were able to sit within the first two days after surgery, and no patient experienced neurological deterioration at the one-month follow up after the surgery. No patient experienced screw loosening during the six months of follow-up. Asymptomatic cement leakage into the epidural space was observed in two patients, but no major complications were observed. Conclusion : For selected patients with malignant spinal metastases, bone cement-augmented percutaneous screw fixation can provide significant pain relief and improve quality of life.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2010

Assuming a mixture distribution for credit evaluation studies, we discuss estimating threshold methods to minimize errors that default borrowers are predicted as non defaults or non defaults are regarded as defaults. A method by using statistical hypotheses tests, the most powerful test and generalized likelihood ratio test, for the probability density functions which are defined with the score random variable and the parameter space consisted of only two elements such as the default and non default states is proposed to estimate a threshold. And anther optimal thresholds to maximize classification accuracy measures of the accuracy and the true rate for ROC and CAP curves are estimated as equations related with these probability density functions. Three kinds of optimal thresholds in terms of the hypotheses testing, the accuracy and the true rate are obtained from normal random samples with various means and variances. The sums of the type I and type II errors corresponding to each optimal threshold are obtained and compared. Finally we discuss about their efficiency and derive conclusions.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2020

Objectives: To identify the degree of physical burden, a determination was undertaken of dust collection efficiency, inhalation pressure, and CO₂ concentration related to health masks certified by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Methods: Twenty health masks were purchased on the market. Dust collection efficiency and inhalation pressure were determined in the same manner as in MFDS certification testing, respectively using TSI Model 8130 (TSI, U.S.) and ART Plus (Korea). CO₂ concentrations for 20 subjects using a CO₂ analyzer (G100, G150, Geotechnical Instrument Ltd., UK) were measured with a similar method as a total inward leakage test. In addition to CO₂ levels, dead space volumes in the masks was determined for predicting concentrations of CO₂ in inhalation air. Results: Most of the dust collection efficiencies found for the 20 masks were far higher than the standard. Four KF94s met KF99 and four KF80s even met KF94. Most inhalation pressures were also much lower than the standard, with many almost one-half of the standard. The mean and standard deviation of CO₂ concentration in the mask were 2.9±0.44%. Considering dead volume, the prediction for CO₂ concentration in the inhalation air was 4,395±1,266 ppm. Conclusions: For healthy men and women, the dust collection efficiency and inhalation pressure of health masks were not at a level that would affect their health. Although CO₂ levels in the inhalation air were predicted not to affect health, research on the physiological effects of health masks on Koreans is needed for more precise research.