• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.366-379
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• 1995

This study was performed to provide fundamental data on middle-aged women's upper torso by classifying the upper torso somatotype and analyzing the characteristics of their somatotype. Factor analysis of principal component model was used to 38 directly measured items, and cluster analysis was applied for classification of upper torso forms. Seven factors were extracted from the factor analysis. The first factor represented the items of circumference, breadth, and depth which were related with body size. On the basis of the cluster analysis using factor scores trom factor analysis as being independent variables, the subjects were classified into three groups. Three dress forms were constructed according to the characteristics for each somatotype of subjects, the three-dimensional characteristics of somatotype were analyzied by the moire pattern and horizontal section map of proposed dress forms. Wearing test by moire topography was used to evaluate wearing outline, the ease of clothes and garment space. Moire pattern and horizontal section map were useful to evaluate wearing conditions, and garment space was changed by the characteristics of the body shape.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.278-283
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• 2009

This study aims to figure out the old people's needs for modification of their housing to maintain an independent lifestyle despite their health status and living arrangements. The total of 438 residents take part in the questionnaire survey research through the quota sampling method grouped by age (60-64 group, 65-69 group, 70-74 group, and over 75 group), sex (male and female), and house type (apartment houses and others). The results are as follows. (1) The old people's most inspired modification needs in interior spaces are remodeling the heating controls in the living room and the bedroom, ventilation facilities and storage spaces in the kitchen, non-slip tile flooring and ventilation facilities in bathroom, an easy door-lock, non-slip tile flooring, a draft cut-off, and storage spaces in the entrance. Besides they require emergency alarm, easy door and window locks, fire and gas alarm, and furniture with easy handling. It is necessary to supply the aged with the appropriate heating controls for their sensitivity to heat, with enough storage spaces for the increased possessions, and with diverse safety systems reflected blunting of mobility and sensibility. (2) As they grow older, the aged require more remote controls and safety facilities such as emergency alarm, easy locks and furniture with distinguishable colors. Male elderly is more concerned with safety, while female elderly do with convenience due to their different time spending in the house. The elderly residents in the apartment houses require the heating controls, a draft cut-off, and storage space less than other types of houses. Thus modification of the heating controls, a draft cut-off, and storage space are regards as basic needs for the elderly residents in non-apartment houses.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.369-377
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• 2018

This study investigated the effect of noise and reverberation on subjective measure of speech transmission performance for elderly person with hearing loss in residential space through listening test. Floor impact, road traffic, airborne, and drainage noise were employed as the residential noise, and several impulse responses were obtained through room acoustical computer simulation for an apartment building. Sound sources for the listening test consisted of residential noises and speech sounds for boh the young (the original sound) and the aged (the sound filtered out by filters with frequency responses of hearing loss of 65 years elderly person). In the listening test, subjects evaluated speech intelligibility and listening difficulty for the presented word ($L_{Aeq}$ 55 dB) at three noise levels ($L_{Aeq}$ 30, 40, 50 dB) and three reverberation times (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 s). Results showed that the residential space with noise level lower than equal to 50 dB ($L_{i,Fmax,AW}$) for jumping noise and 40 dB ($L_{Aeq}$) for road traffic, airborne, and drainage noise had speech intelligibility of 90 % and over and listening difficulty of 30 % and below. Speech intelligibility and listening difficulty for the aged sound source was shown to be 0 % ~ 5 % lower and 2 % ~ 20 % higher than those for the young sound source, respectively.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2008

The filtration barrier of kidney consists of endothelial cell, glomerular capillary, glomerular basement membrane, mesangial matrix, and podocyte. In aged rats, the morphological changes were shown in various parts, including the glomerulus. These changes were thickening of basement membrane and mesangial matrix, crescent formation of glomerular capillary, deformity of foot processes, glomerular sclerosis and obsolescence. But these glomerular morphologies are partial images or few serial images analysis. In this study, we examined the morphological alteration of glomerulus in the young and aged rats by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and three dimensional reconstruction. We were found in aged rat glomerulus, expansion of urinary space and mesangial matrix, thickening and degrading of glomerular basement membrane, decreasing in podocyte foot processes, fragmentation of podocytic nucleus membrane. These observations indicate that may provide useful data for investigating the pathogenesis of age-related dysfunction of kidney.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.254-258
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• 2006

Decrease of children caused by economic growth, scientific and technological advancement, long life, spread of nuclear families, increase of women's entry in public affairs, etc. in modern society has given rise to aging societies as another social problem. This has resulted in the advent of problems of the aged and necessity of geriatric hospitals specializing in providing medical services for the old. Even though the geriatric hospitals currently operated are mainly used by aged persons, however, their color environment has been decided, for the most pin, not in view of characteristics of the old but in view of supporting families' criteria for selection of facilities. This study intends to help geriatric hospital designers recognize importance of color environment considering characteristics of the old and select the relevant colors In designing geriatric hospitals in future to elevate remedial value and prevent accidents in space use. To this end, this study suggests problems of color environment found in surveys of the existing geriatric hospitals currently operated throughout the nation and further make some proposals for improvement.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.706-709
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• 2005

The absence of the nipple-areolar complex(NAC) in men are seldom stated, as a result of trauma, burn, mastectomy, or after the correction of extreme bilateral gynecomastia. A total of 50 healthy men aged 21 to 27 years were examined. We recorded the configuration (dimensions and shape) and the location of the NAC with respect to fixed skeletal anatomic landmarks. Of the 50 subjects examined, 44 had oval and 6 had a round NAC. The mean diameter for a round NAC was 24.3 mm. The center of the NAC was in the fourth intercostal space in 41 volunteers and in the fifth intercostal space in 9 of the subjects. To localize the NAC on the chest wall, at least three reproducible measurements proved to be necessary, composed of a horizontal line(distance from the midsternal line to the nipple, A), a medial oblique line(distance from the sternal notch to the nipple, B) and a lateral oblique line(distance from the acromioclavicular joint to the nipple, C). Using these three parameters, we recommend that the appropriate location can be calculated derived from the circumference of the chest.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.239-253
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• 2020

This study explored a sandplay therapy case of a woman maturing through conflicts with an adolescent son. The goal of the therapy was to relieve her from conflicts with going through individuation process under a free and protected space in sandplay therapy. Forty-six therapy sessions were held. The client exhibited that she needed a conversation with her feminity and maternity in the initial phase of therapy (1-5, regression). In the intermediate phase of therapy (6-43, struggle), she displayed the scenes of meeting of opposites, shadow, death, nurturing and integration of opposites. In the final phase of therapy (44-46, transformation), she showed the acception of her life with leaving her situations to God. Through sandplay therapy in the free and protected space, this study showed the effectiveness of sandplay therapy since the client achieved individuation by showing the acceptance of her life and could control her enraged feelings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.183-184
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• 2018

Recent construction projects have now regenerated the existing city rather than reconstruction or redevelopment to create a new paradigm. While the aged houses are reviewed to distinguish between the repair, reinforcement and reconstruction stages, the modular construction system makes the most of space using the modular system, and the projection mapping system is combined with the existing space. Therefore, we will proceed with the research so that improvement and correction of future issues can be made.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.302-310
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• 2013

Orthodontic closure of old, edentulous spaces in the mandibular posterior region is a major challenge. In this report, we describe a method of orthodontic closure of edentulous spaces in the mandibular posterior region accelerated by piezoelectric decortication and alveolar ridge expansion. Combined piezosurgical and orthodontic treatments were used to close 14- and 15-mm-wide spaces in the mandibular left and right posterior areas, respectively, of a female patient, aged 18 years and 9 months, diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion, hypodontia, and polydiastemas. After the piezoelectric decortication, segmental and full-arch mechanics were applied in the orthodontic phase. Despite some extent of root resorption and anchorage loss, the edentulous spaces were closed, and adequate function and esthetics were regained without further restorative treatment. Alveolar ridge expansion-assisted orthodontic space closure seems to be an effective and relatively less-invasive treatment alternative for edentulous spaces in the mandibular posterior region.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences housing needs between Korean and Japanese employed wives. Subjects consisted of 90 Korean employed and 141 Japanese employed wives who have children aged between 0-12 years old. The subjects were surveyed with a questionnaire specifically developed for this study to evaluate the housing needs of this growing segment of population. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package. The results of descriptive statistics, x$^2$-test, multiple linear regressions are presented. The findings were as follows: 1) Korean employed wives depend on grandparents and relatives in their child-care and housework when the wives were out. On the contrary, Japanese employed wives put much more values on aid of their husband and community facilities fur child-care and housework. 2) The housing community needs showed significant differences. Korean employed wives wanted to provide a better physical environment for child-care and education of children more than Japanese employed wives. But Japanese employed wives needed more convenient community facilities that could be socialized housework than Korean employed wives. 3) Korean employed wives wanted gathered apartment house, and Japanese employed wives wanted row house. In comparison of working space needs in individual house, Korean employed wives wanted dining kitchen filled with many kinds of electric appliance including laundry space more, Japanese employed wives wanted LDK type which they have family interaction more and to depart laundry space from kitchen.