• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.215-225
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• 2017

In this paper, we study some equivalence relations between continuous frames in a Hilbert space ${\mathcal{H}}$. In particular, we seek two necessary and sufficient conditions under which two continuous frames are near. Moreover, we investigate a distance between continuous frames in order to acquire the closest and nearest tight continuous frame to a given continuous frame. Finally, we implement these results for shearlet and wavelet frames in two examples.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.37-44
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• 2003

From long time ago, stairs are performed the central role of vertical circulation system in architectural planning for convenience of human. The purpose of this study is to find the spacial characteristics of stairs in architectural space. Two methods In this study are discussed. First, it is to extract the formal elements in its stairs shape raising an impulse of visual-perceptible recognition. Second, it is to analysis its characteristic through relationship between stairs and spacial elements. In conclusion, the characteristics of stairs in architectural space have as follows 1) spatial connection - to connect between space and other space or masses; 2) spatial separation - to separate between inner space and other space; 3) openness or closeness of space; 4) directed-tention of space.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.399-415
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• 2017

Given a topological space X and a non-negative integer k, we study the self-homotopy equivalences of X that do not change maps from X to n-sphere $S^n$ homotopically by the composition for all $n{\geq}k$. We denote by ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ the set of all homotopy classes of such self-homotopy equivalences. This set is a dual concept of ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$, which has been studied by several authors. We prove that if X is a finite CW complex, there are at most a finite number of distinguishing homotopy classes ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$, whereas ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ may not be finite. Moreover, we obtain concrete computations of ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ to show that the cardinal of ${\varepsilon}^{\sharp}_k(X)$ is finite when X is either a Moore space or co-Moore space by using the self-closeness numbers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 1990

Wang -gok Villages was forming the space marking the centripetal system from frame composed of adjacent mountains and the cosy and comfortable space perccplively and psychologically, and both the openness and closeness existed together The analysis of the circulation structure in the exterior spaces of home showed that generally one must pass through kitchen to approach to the rear yard having the strong decree of enclosure and privacy. The determinants of the space organization in Wang-gok villages and the exterior of its homes were direction and gradient as natural factor, and traditional thought, action and social class as sococultural factors. The configuration of rear garden was classified into flat type, terrace type and mixed type of natural hill and terrace. The rear garden was created purposely and actively, emphasizing the harmony with and approach to nature.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2023

When G is an abelian group, we use the notation M(G, n) to denote the Moore space. The space X is the wedge product space of Moore spaces, given by X = M(ℤ_q, n+ 2) ∨ M(ℤ_q, n+ 1) ∨ M(ℤ_q, n). We determine the self-homotopy classes group [X, X] and the self-homotopy equivalence group 𝓔(X). We investigate the subgroups of [M_j , M_k] consisting of homotopy classes of maps that induce the trivial homomorphism up to (n + 2)-homotopy groups for j ≠ k. Using these results, we calculate the subgroup 𝓔^dim_#(X) of 𝓔(X) in which all elements induce the identity homomorphism up to (n + 2)-homotopy groups of X.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to examine the research trends of global scientific production of Geospatial Information (GI) papers from 1998 to 2013 by using keyword network analysis. This study constructed keyword network model through papers and keywords related to GI research retrieved from the Web of Science DB and performed keyword network analysis such as Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Closeness Centrality. The results show that GI has been steadily applied to various fields, and also the research trends of GI techniques could be quantitatively characterized through keyword network analysis. This study result can be applied to establish the policies and the national R&D planning of geospatial information.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.341-365
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• 2008

This paper investigates the properties and relative importance of Apparel Textile industry of Busan in terms of both the number of employees and the value-added, and then analyzes the relative technical efficiencies from the perspectives of space closeness such as consumption market, suppliers, living standards and clustering environments using the DEA model. The main outcomes are as follows. The Apparel Textile industry is still a key industry in Busan with relatively high intensity and high LQ (greater than one) in spite of the recent decrease between 2000 and 2005 both in the number of employees and the value-added. Those firms with consumption market showed higher efficiency in all kinds of efficiencies than the firms without the market, and further relatively higher efficiency than the firms with suppliers. In addition, the firms located in the higher living standards also showed higher values of efficiency compared with the firms in lower living standards. The policy implication from the results is that the strategic and selective investment should be made according to the relative efficiency and thus the traditional industry should be transformed to the high value added one with additional investment to utilize the scale efficiency.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of the new space plan by reflecting the opinions of the user (student) in the existing standardized elementary school space planning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activities of elementary school students by using socio - spatial network analysis method and to propose the direction of new elementary school space planning through the results. We analyzed the results of each centrality by using the analysis of closeness analysis, betweeness analysis, girvan-newman clustering, and concor analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, it should be planned to use the classroom and the special room as one area by utilizing the corridor. Second, it should be planned that the outdoor space and the indoor space are closely related to each other by utilizing the hall, the lobby and the classroom. Third, the school should create a small space where physical activity is possible in an indoor space of the school. In order to improve the standardized elementary school space, this study proposes a method to reflect the opinions of the users in the school planning stage.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2014

Light has been considered as one of the most important elements in architectural design. Light provides occupants in buildings a lot of architectural experiences by interrelating the space, shape and other design elements. Especially, natural light is the valuable source to create the better indoor space compared to artificial light. It is a sustainable energy source and offers a more natural environment. It also enables occupants to perceive the form and depth of space. In general. many of architects including Henri Ciriani have tried to design buildings with natural light expecting optimum indoor environment. Therefore, this paper tried to examine the works of Henri Ciriani and analyze how to control the light in his works. For this purpose, two museums designed by Henri Ciriani-Arles Museum of Archaeology and Great War Historical Museum in Peronne - were selected to analyze how Henri Ciriani used light in his design phase and applied it to his museum works. According to the results of the study, it has been proved that Henri Ciriani tried to realize a space continuum through the spatial expansion, openness and closeness by natural light and incorporate the architectural form, interior space and exhibition circulation with natural light in order to create innovative exhibition space in museum buildings.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2017

In the process of changing from modern society to contemporary society, innovation of various fields is considered as important with rapid social change and one of the consequences of this changing movement is the innovation of living space. In this paper, based on this motive, we will study a modular shelf that can create a private space, and serve function like role of partition that delimits space in the one-room. Modular shelves can provide openness, closeness, and autonomy to individual spaces in a one-room space without space divisions. In a small one-room for residential purpose, it is able to function effectively to show the atmosphere of personal space and display small items reflecting personal taste in addition to the function of storing books and items. In addition, a modular shelves considering disassembly and movement are proposed in order to take advantage of one-room that can make different space configurations as needed. It is aim to suggest a basic modular shelves structure that used traditional Chinese wood-joints during which techniques was sturdy while reducing the use of timber. Futhermore, the purpose of this study is to study the design of shelf furniture that can add individuality.