• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.213-229
• /
• 2023

In this paper, we introduce a spatial sound rendering system that provides 6DoF spatial sound in real time in response to the movement of a listener located in a virtual environment. This system was implemented using MPEG-I AEP as a development environment for the CfP response of MPEG-I Immersive Audio and consists of an encoder and a renderer including a decoder. The encoder serves to offline encode metadata such as the spatial audio parameters of the virtual space scene included in EIF and the directivity information of the sound source provided in the SOFA file and deliver them to the bitstream. The renderer receives the transmitted bitstream and performs 6DoF spatial sound rendering in real time according to the position of the listener. The main spatial sound processing technologies applied to the rendering system include sound source effect and obstacle effect, and other ones for the system processing include Doppler effect, sound field effect and etc. The results of self-subjective evaluation of the developed system are introduced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.16-30
• /
• 2023

As the concept of metaverse has received great attention, interest in metaverse related to landscape architecture is also increasing. The aim of this research is to understand the potential and tasks of applying metaverse in the field of landscape architecture by analyzing the user experience of a metaverse platform. The object of the research is Meta-Everland built in the Roblox platform, which has the most users among landscape architectural metaverses in Korea. NPS of 30 users who have been to Everalnd was investigated after using Meta-Everland with interviews. NPS before the metaverse experience was -16 and NPS after the experience was -24. This result means that the promotion level was lowered after the experience of the metaverse. There were three causes of lowered NPS: lack of users, low-quality graphics and interface, and lack of content. The factor of lack of users was the result of the other two problems. The factor of low technical quality is hard to be improved in a short period of time. Therefore, the main task to improve the metaverse is developing better metaverse content related to landscape architecture. It is more appropriate to develop metaverse-specific content rather than improve reality issues. Applying AR and VR devices, enhancing communication function, and developing potential as a simulation device are needed to be considered.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.66 no.5
• /
• pp.511-524
• /
• 2023

Objective : This animal model aimed to compare the rat group that received brain irradiation and did not receive additional treatment (only saline) and the rat group that underwent brain irradiation and received Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment. In addition, the effects of G-CSF on brain functions were examined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathologically. Methods : This study used 24 female Wistar albino rats. Drug administration (saline or G-CSF) was started at the beginning of the study and continued for 15 days after whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). WBRT was given on day 7 of the start of the study. At the end of 15 days, the behavioral tests, including the three-chamber sociability test, open field test, and passive avoidance learning test, were done. After the behavioral test, the animals performed the MR spectroscopy procedure. At the end of the study, cervical dislocation was applied to all animals. Results : G-CSF treatment positively affected the results of the three-chamber sociability test, open-space test and passive avoidance learning test, cornu Ammonis (CA) 1, CA3, and Purkinje neuron counts, and the brain levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and postsynaptic density protein-95. However, G-CSF treatment reduced the glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining index and brain levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor kappa-B, and lactate. In addition, on MR spectroscopy, G-CSF had a reversible effect on brain lactate levels. Conclusion : In this first designed brain irradiation animal model, which evaluated G-CSF effects, we observed that G-CSF had reparative, neuroprotective and anti-neurodegenerative effects and had increased neurotrophic factor expression, neuronal counts, and morphology changes. In addition, G-CSF had a proven lactate-lowering effect in MR spectroscopy and brain materials.

• Journal of recreation and landscape
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2012

This study, presents the details of a propulsion system for a systematic approach to the remodeling of rural villages as part of the pilot project that will be implemented in 2013. Studies on remodeling rural villages have focused mainly on various concepts of remodeling purposes and functions, and on the size and allocation standards of the facilities, such as rural houses, village rest areas, or public facilities. Thus, research is required on the establishment of a plan to restructure rural spaces and suggestions regarding the standards applicable at the local sites. This study employed an upward access system to prepare for the remodeling project and encourage the local residents' participation. As a result, the local residents voluntarily participated in drawing up a comprehensive plan for the village maintenance settings and forms, and for making the arrangements, by discussing the pros and cons of the plan, or through the forum. Based on this result, the local government examined the project in terms of its specifics, size, timing, budgetary appropriation, and anticipated results in order to implement the project, and also provided aid from the field experts to review the plan for the space and facility plans, and the legal system to establish the remodeling plan for the rural villages. Thus, this study attempts to contribute toward improving the quality of the rural villager's lives through a comprehensive remodeling of the whole rural village, not through an individual remodeling method.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2010

The mechanism of load transfer by punching shear in pile-supported embankments is investigated. Based on the geometric configuration of the punching shear observed in sand fills on soft ground, a theoretical analysis is carried out to predict the embankment loads transferred on a cap beam according to punching shear developed in pile-supported embankments. The equation presented by the theoretical analysis was able to consider the effect of various factors affecting the vertical loads transferred on the cap beam. The reliability of the presented theoretical equation is investigated by comparing it with the results of a series of model tests. The model tests were performed on cap beams, which had two types of width; one is narrow width and the other is wide width. Sand filling was performed through seven steps. Two types of loading pattern were applied at each filling step; one is the long-term loading, in which sand fills at each filling step were kept for 24 hours, the other is the short-term loading, in which sand fills at each filling step were kept for 2 hours. The vertical loads measured in all model tests show good agreement with the ones predicted by the theoretical equation. Finally, the predicted vertical loads also show good agreement with the vertical loads measured in a well-instrumented pile-supported embankment in field, where cap beams were placed on too wide space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.21-34
• /
• 2023

This study identified the materials and construction methods of 'Old Wall' in 13 villages which were designated as National Registered Cultural Heritage at the time of designation and examined the their structural changes based on field survey. The results are as follows: First, the 'Old Wall' consisted of 10 Soil-Stone Wall and 5 Stone Wall. At the time of designation, Stone Wall, which was built irregularly by dry-construction of natural stones, is similar in shape, but Soil-Stone Wall showed difference by the construction method of making used stones, joints, and faces. Second, the study extracted the changes of 'Old Wall' by repair and examined the changes of construction methods as well as the substitution and addition of materials of structure. The wall-roof was built with cement roof-tile and asbestos slate which have the advantage improve durability and cost-effectiveness. In addition, tile-mouth soil was added to korean traditional roof-tile to prevent rainwater from flowing in. Besides, to improve constructional convenience, the natural stone of the wall-body was replaced with blast stone, float stone and cut stone. Cement block, cement brick and cement mortar were frequently used to repair as well. As Soil-Stone Wall was transformed from irregular pattern-construction to comb pattern-construction and wet-construction was changed to dry-construction, it caused landscape and structural problems. Also, the layer of cement mortar applied to wall-foundation blocked the flow of rainwater that was induced by dry-construction of natural stones. Third, the study regarded that the problem with the repair of 'Old Wall' may occur as it is located in living space, because the owner of the wall could repair for the minor damages without technical knowledge. In addition, it is difficult for repair companies in charge of maintenance of Cultural Heritage to supply local materials, and it is differential construction specifications are not applied.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated digital transformation across all industries and daily life. Edutech is spreading in the education field, also bringing changes in university education. Non-face-to-face online-only classes at universities have spread after the COVID-19 pandemic physical distancing started. Online-only or real-time online classes showed diverse educational imitations. 'Metaverse' started to attract attention as a learning space and community activity support platform that may solve the limitations of online education and communication. It is time to prepare an introduction strategy for the actual application of education using metaverse. This study, first, by examining previous studies and cases of metaverse application, and second, establishing a metaverse introduction framework based on the technology lifecycle model and the innovation diffusion theory. Finally, we provide an introduction strategy in steps, a specialized introduction plan according to the main users is established and presented as a scenario. We expect that this study will provide the theoretical background of the new technology introduction and the spread of metaverse research. Also, we present an efficient introduction strategy, the basis for a service model, and a practical basis for the university's value-added strategy.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.81-93
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning of clinical practice experience, including web-based simulation practice, in the context of the corona pandemic era. As for the research method, data were collected through a focus group interview on the experience of web-based simulation practice and subsequent clinical practice and analyzed by content analysis method. The contents of the two interview groups were analyzed, and the results were divided into 2 components, 7 topic groups, and 18 topics. The first component, the clinical practice, was divided into four topic groups: 'The anxious start of practice in a pandemic situation', 'Direct experience through various cases', 'Training opportunities to prepare as a future nurse', and 'The burden of performance and limited experience'. The second component, the web-based simulation practice, was divided into three topic groups: 'Unfinished nursing practice', 'Indirect experience of clinical nursing in virtual space', and 'Requirement of an integrated practice model'. Clinical practice is a very important part of the nursing education curriculum. However, the nursing that students can perform in the field is very limited. Therefore, to supplement the shortcomings of observation-oriented clinical practice and to increase the quality of practical education, it is necessary to consider a hybrid education model including web-based simulation practice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present the implications of the rural living area setting and rural spatial structure analysis of the rural spatial strategy plan through case analysis. Following the decentralization of autonomy and the promotion of the transfer of state affairs to local areas, some of the general agricultural and fishing village development projects of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs were transferred to local areas. In addition, in 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs introduced a rural agreement system for 113 cities and counties. However, since the understanding of the field is still low, this study attempted to present implications through a case analysis of the structure of rural space and the establishment of rural living areas in three local governments in Chungcheong. As a result of the study, in the stage of establishing the living zone, it is necessary to comprehensively review the contents reviewed in the analysis of the current status and conditions. However, the two local governments had insufficient interpretation of the axis by function and the establishment of the base area, or were using the upper plan as it was. Second, the source of the data used in the survey on the distribution status of living SOC facilities is unclear. Since the distribution status of living SOC facilities overlaps with accessibility analysis, OD data analysis, and resident survey results and is used as the basis for setting living areas, the data source should be clearly marked, and verification should be possible. Third, amenity (facility) resources were classified and analyzed according to the conditions and characteristics of local governments. The local government that applied the guidelines as they were was A local government, and the remaining local governments conducted surveys and analysis according to the current status. Forth, since the establishment of the rural living area is the minimum unit supported by government policies through future rural agreements, it is necessary to distinguish them based on quantitative standards in the process of establishing them. Only one case area presented clear grounds and standards, and the rest of the case areas presented standards but are based on non-quantitative standards. In order for rural agreements to be sustainable in the future and benefit local residents, it is necessary to use or establish a government-level institution that can collect and produce objective data. In addition, it is necessary to find ways to specify and standardize the standards for setting the living area and specify them in the guidelines.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.21-35
• /
• 2022

The use of digital information according to the development of information and communication technology and the 4th industrial revolution is continuously increasing and diversifying, and in proportion to this, crimes using digital information are also increasing. However, there are few cases of establishing an environment for processing and analysis of digital evidence in Korea. The budget allocated for each organization is different and the digital forensics laboratory built without solving the chronic problem of securing space has a problem in that there is no standard that can be referenced from the initial configuration stage. Based on this awareness of the problem, this thesis conducted an exploratory study focusing on tools and equipment necessary for building a digital forensics laboratory. As a research method, focus group interviews were conducted with 15 experts with extensive practical experience in the digital forensic laboratory or digital forensics field and experts' opinions were collected on the following 9 areas: network configuration, analyst computer, personal tools·equipment, imaging devices, dedicated software, open source software, common tools/equipment, accessories, and other considerations. As a result, a list of tools and equipment for digital forensic laboratories was derived.