• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1970

A series of experiments have been made on the mass culture of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Platymonas sp. and Chlorella sp. in the laboratory. The shortest lag phase was found In the culture of Ph. tricornutum followed by Platymonas sp. and Chlorella sp. As compared to the aeration culture, the stagnant culture, in general, showed long duration of the lag phase, short period of the exponential phase and extremely small daily increment. The relative growth constants of Ph. tricornutum, Chlorella sp. and Platymonas sp. were $0.302{\pm}0.028$, $0.226{\pm}0.013$, and $0.151{\pm}0.008$, respectively The maximum daily increment of the three species and then daily ages are as follows: Ph. tricornutum Maximum daily increment : 47.5, Daily age : 10, Platymonas sp. Maximum daily increment : 5.6, Daily age : 14, Chlorella sp. Maximum daily increment : 21.1, Daily age : 14 Comparing the packed cell volume with a certain number of cells, the largest value was found in the population of Ph. tricornutum followed by Platymenas sp. and Chlorella sp. A straight line relationship exists between the two values, and the magnitude of the relationship coincides well with the size of the cells. The culture of Ph. tricornutum was proved satisfactory for feeding the larvae of bivalves at about 12 days after innoculation and both of Platymenas sp. and Chlorella sp. were about 16 days respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.151-162
• /
• 1984

The mechanism of the contractile response of longitudial muscle of rabbit ileum to substance P (SP) has been investigated. The contractions in rabbit ileum under various conditions were recorded isometrically The following results were obtained. 1) The contractions by SP increased according to concentrations. SP·induced contraction was not sustained but faded rapidly at $10^{-7}M$. The response to the commutative addition of SP was decreased in comparison to the response to separate administration of each concentration . 2) The response to $10^{-8}M$ SP after 5 min application cf $10^{-7}M$ SP was increased with increasing the time interval between the administration of $10^{-7}$ and $10^{-8}M$ SP. 3) The treatment of rabbit ileum by $10^{-7}M$ SP for 5 min didn't decrease the response to $10^{-6}M$ acetylcholine. 4) $10^{-6}M$ atropine had no effect of the contractile response to $10^{-7}M$ SP. The response to $10^{-7}M$ SP was normal or subnormal in the presence of 3 mM tetraethylammonium(TEA). 5) 100k solution, $10^{-4}M$ ouabain, and Na-free solution inhibited the response to $10^{-8}M$ SP and 3 mM TEA completely, and to $10^{-7}M$ SP incompletely. 3 mM TEA induced a considerable contraction in K-free solution, but $10^{-8}M$ SP didn't induce the contraction. $10^{-6}M$ norepinephrine decreased the contractile responses to SP and TEA. 6) The contractile response to $10^{-7}M$ SP was dependent on the extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations to 1.8 mM. 7) The contractile response to $10^{-7}M$ SP remained 15% of the maximal response after bathing the ileum in a Ca-free solution for 2.5 min. 8) The responsiveness to SP was completely lost within 10 min of bathing in Ca-free solution, but was restored by the exposure to $Ca^{2+}$. The restorative effect of $Ca^{2+}$ depended on the concentration of $Ca^{2+}$, and on time for which the tissue exposed to this $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. These results suggest that there are two mechanisms of the action by which the low concentrations of substance P causes the contraction of intestinal smooth muscle: the reduction of K conductance and a mechanism dependent on the extracellular $Ca^{2+}$, and that high concentration of SP may elicit a contraction by releasing $Ca^{2+}$ from an intracellular store, which is not as sensitive to removal of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ or as easily accessible to EGTA as the extracellular space of the muscle. The location of this store is not known; it may be associated with the internal side of the cell membrane.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of $LR_3$ and $SP_6$ acupuncture on renal damage in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods : ICR male mice were stabilized for a week and divided into four groups: a normal mice group(N), no-acupuncture diabetic mice group(Control), $LR_3$ acupuncture diabetic mice group($LR_3$), and $SP_6$ acupuncture diabetic mice group($SP_6$). Diabetes was experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ(150 mg/kg) in citrate buffer(pH 4.5). For two weeks, $LR_3$ and $SP_6$ acupunctures were administered bilaterally at each point once a day. After two weeks, the animals' weight was measured and they underwent a laparotomy. Serum glucose and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were measured from the blood taken from the heart. We measured glucose, reactive oxygen species(ROS), peroxynitrite($ONOO^-$) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) in the kidney and compared expression levels of superoxide dismutases(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-${\kappa}B$), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and Interleukin-1 beta(IL-$1{\beta}$). Results : BUN significantly decreased in $LR_3$, $SP_6$ compared to the control group. $LR_3$ showed significantly decreased glucose compared to the control group. $LR_3$, $SP_6$ significantly decreased in ROS and $ONOO^-$ compared to the control group. $LR_3$ significantly decreased in TBARS compared to the control group. $SP_6$ significantly increased in expressions of SOD-1, catalase, and GPx compared to the control group. $LR_3$, $SP_6$ significantly decreased in COX-2 compared to the control group. $SP_6$ significantly decreased in IL-$1{\beta}$ compared to the control group. Conclusions : This study suggests that $LR_3$ acupuncture may be effective in controlling glucose and lipid peroxidation and that $SP_6$ acupuncture may have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on renal damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 1985

In order to analyze the water quality in artificial lakes in Chonnam area, a chemical and biological examination of Dongbock Lake and Changsung Lake was conducted from September to December 1983 and May 1984. A summary of the surveyed results is as follows 1. In Dongbock Lake, pH ranged from 7.2-8.1, D.O.: 8.2-12.6mg/l, B.O.D.: 4.4-22.1 mg/l, C.O.D.: 1.0-3.4rag/l, Cl$^-$: 5.9-11.9mg/l, Total-P: 0.001-0.071 mg/l, and Total -N: 0.016-0.697 mg/l, respectively. 2. In Changsung Lake, pH ranged from 7.2-8.1, D.O.: 8.1-9.8mg/l, B.O.D.: 0.9-2.9mg/l, C.O.D.: 1.9-3.4mg/l. Total- P: 0.006-0.016mg/l and Total -N:0.006-0.033mg/l, respectively. 3. The Phytoplankton identified in this investigation were distributed in a total of 46 genera and 76 spedes in Dongbock Lake 37 genera and 45 species in Changsung Lake. 4. In Dongbock Lake, it was found that the dominant algae were Melosira sp., Microcystis sp. and Synedra sp. in September Melosira sp. and Microcytis sp. in October, but Cymbella sp., Naviculla sp. and Nitzschis sp. were also observed in OctoberAsterionella sp., Melosira sp. and Microsystis sp. in November and Melosira sp., Asterionella sp sp. and Synedra sp. in December 1983. 5. In Changsung Lake, it was found that the dominant algae were Melosira sp., Lyngrbya sp. and Microcystis in September Melosira sp. and Synedra sp. in October and November and Melosira sp., Lyngbya sp. and Asterionella sp. in December 1983. The dominant algae were Melosira sp., Lyngbya sp. and Euglena sp. in May 1984. 6. It was found that the dominant algae in both Dongbock and Changsung Lakes were Microcystis sp., Melosira sp. and Asterionella sp.. Which are strongly related with water-bloom. Therefore, it could be suggested that the eutrophication phenomena is going to occur very easily in Dongbock Lake and possibly in Changsung Lake.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.637-641
• /
• 1992

The promoter regions from chromosomal DNA of Bacillus sp. SSA3 which is responsible for fermentation of Korean traditional soy sauce, were cloned for construction of expression vector of Bacills sp. SSA3. Recombinant plasmids were constructed by insertion of HindIIl-cleaved Bacillus sp. SSA3 chromosomal DNA fragments in front of the CAT gene of pGR71 plasmid and B-galactosidase gene of pUC18 plasmid. 6 recombinant plasmids were isolated from chloramphenicol resistant E. coli JM109 clones. All these plasmids were found to have promoter activity in Bacills sp. SSA3 and E. coli JM109. When these 6 clones of Bacills sp. SSA3 were cultivated in LB agar medium supplemented with 10% NaCI. fused CAT gene expression of 4 clones was significantly decreased in common. But the others were poorly inhibited.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.425-432
• /
• 1998

The strain producing L-lactic acid from starch was isolated from kimchi. The isolated strain was identified as a homofermentative Streptococcus sp. through its morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics, and named Streptococcus sp. JEJ-6. Lactic acids are of two types, one L-specific and the other D-specific form in a stereospecific form. Streptococcus sp. JEJ-6 produced selectively L-lactic acid from all of the tested carbon sources. The optimum conditions for the L-lactic acid production from the isolated microorganism were determined. For the maximum yield of L-lactic acid from Streptococcus sp. JEJ-6, the cell should be harvested at the early stationary phase, and the growth temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration should be 37$^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0 and 0.1%, respectively. 4% Soluble starch as substrate and organic nitrogen sources such as peptone and yeast extract should be used for the best yield. The optimum pH of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)-dependent and NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activities was pH 8.5 and pH 7.0, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 1987

The author isolated high cellulolytic fungi from natural sources and determined optimal condition of protoplast formation and fusion as fundamental step for improvement of the isolated it's cellulolytic ability. Three different cellulolytic fungi, such as Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp., were isolated from soil. Their cellulolytic activities were compared with that of Aspergillus niger which was useful industrially and had cellulase activity. It was Aspergillus sp. that showed the highest activity of all these four fungi. And then it was followed by Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., and Aspergillus niger in order. An auxotrophic mutant of Aspergillus sp. was obtained by UV mutagenesis method. Having try to produce protoplast from mycelia, the author found that ${\beta}-glucuronidase$, at pH 6.0, was effective cell-wall lytic enzyme. And the optimal concentration of this enzyme was 5,000 unit/ml. Regeneration rates of wild type, met. auxotroph and arg. auxotroph, in presence of osmotic stabilizer, were 7. 0%, 7. 5% and 5.2%, respectively. PEG with M.W. 6,000 was effective stimulator for protoplast fusion in the concentration of 30% (W IV). In such a condition, we obtained 1.2% cell fusion rate.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.314-320
• /
• 1995

Pathogenicity of Korean entomopathogenic nematodes against local insect pests was different depending on strains or target-insect pests. Mortalities of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella larvae were 51.8%, 77.8%, 96.3% or 100% in Hanrim Steinernema sp. and 50.0%, 74.1%, 96.3% or 98.1% in Hamyang Heterorhabditis sp. on filter paper when larvae were exposed to 3, 6, 12, or 24 nematodes per larva. Mortalities of them on kale leaves at the same concentration were 44.4%, 63.0%, 76.1%, or 94.5% in Hanrim Steinernema sp. and 79.7%, 81.6%, 94.4%, or 100% in Hamyang Heterorhabditis sp., respectively. In field test, control value of Hanrim Steinernema sp. was 72.0% and that of Hamyang Heterorhabditis sp. was 84.1% in 14 days when 300,000 nematodes were sprayed to each plot ($13.27\m^2$). Although mortalities of rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis larvae showed no difference at high concentration, Hamyang Heterorhabditis sp. (47.3~100%) was more effective than Hanrim Steinernema sp. (34.3~83.3%) at low concentration, 50~200 nematodes/ml. When chestnut curculio, Curculio sikkimensis larvae were treated with Sancheong Steinernema sp. and Hamyang Heterorhabditis sp., respectively. When pellucid zygaenid, Pryeria sinica larvae were exposed to nematodes, Pocheon Steinernema sp. was effective ranging from 96.7% to 100% but mortalities of them were 63.3~76.7% in Dongrae Steinernema sp..

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.235-250
• /
• 1990

This study deals with 8 species in 6 genera including 5 new species and 2 new records from Taiwan. The new ones are Neanura kentingensis n.sp., Womersleya formosana n.sp., Crossodinthina montana n.sp., Vitronura tubercula sp., Lobella nana n.sp., and 2 new records are Pseudachorucina nepalica Yosii, 1966 and Lobella perfusa Denis., 1934. The Neanuridae fauna of Taiwan accordingly is listed as 13 species in 7 genera. The biogeographic affinities with the Japan, Vietnam and adjacent countries are discussed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.90-98
• /
• 1994

Introduction : Bovine mastitis is an economically and a hygienically important disease of dairy cows. Many factors predispose to bovine mastitis and an understanding of these is essential for systems of effective mastiris control to be formulated. The presence of non-pathogenic bacteria on body surfaces can protect against invasion by more pathogenic organisms. Bacteria of low pathogenicity (minor pathogens) are frequently isolated from the healthy bovine udder and may play an important role in protecting the udder from infection with pathogenic bacteria. The treatment of bovine mastitis is important for choosing adequate antimicrobias, and it take the base on the result of susceptibility to antimicrobias. Therefore, the current of numbers feeding dairy cattle were increasing and prevalence rate of bovine mastiris was occurred in 1.5~57.3%.(abbreviation)