• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.373-379
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop a belt pick-up type one-row soybean cutter, using physical properties and production conditions of soybeans. The prototype soybean cutter consisted of 4 parts: cutting part, conveying part, collecting part, and travelling part. The prototype soybean cutter was designed to cut soybeans planted with a row spacing of 600 mm, and at a height of 30 mm from the bed bottom using a disk saw. Through various trials with different peripheral velocities of the disk saw and forward speed of the cutter, determined ranges of the peripheral velocity of the disk saw cutting soybeans stems were greater than 18.3 m/s. Spacing between pick-up belts (clearance) was in a range of 60~90 mm so that soybeans could be picked at heights greater than 25 cm, and the size and shape of the pick-up belt were determined the conventional manual harvesting method. The optimal ratio between the forward speed of cutter and the peripheral speed of pick-up belts were from 1 to 1.2 by theoretical analysis. the pick-up belts had a $35^{\circ}$ of tilted angle and $90^{\circ}$ of twisted angle to pick up soybeans safely from the plant input to the lower end of the belts and convey soybeans to the upper end of belts nearby a container. The soybeans at the rear container were dropped down on the soybean row with an interval. The effective field capacity of the prototype soybean cutter was 0.136 ha/h, reducing the working hour by 92% when compared with the manual cutting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2022

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a representative food resource. To preserve the integrity of soybean, it is necessary to protect soybean yield and seed quality from threats of various pests and diseases. Riptortus pedestris is a well-known insect pest that causes the greatest loss of soybean yield in South Korea. This pest not only directly reduces yields but also causes disorders and diseases in plant growth. Unfortunately, no resistant soybean resources have been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the distribution and movement of Riptortus pedestris at an early stage to reduce the damage caused by insect pests. Conventionally, the human eye has performed the diagnosis of agronomic traits related to pest outbreaks. However, due to human vision's subjectivity and impermanence, it is time-consuming, requires the assistance of specialists, and is labor-intensive. Therefore, the responses and behavior patterns of Riptortus pedestris to the scent of mixture R were visualized with a 3D model through the perspective of artificial intelligence. The movement patterns of Riptortus pedestris was analyzed by using time-series image data. In addition, classification was performed through visual analysis based on a deep learning model. In the object tracking, implemented using the YOLO series model, the path of the movement of pests shows a negative reaction to a mixture Rina video scene. As a result of 3D modeling using the x, y, and z-axis of the tracked objects, 80% of the subjects showed behavioral patterns consistent with the treatment of mixture R. In addition, these studies are being conducted in the soybean field and it will be possible to preserve the yield of soybeans through the application of a pest control platform to the early stage of soybeans.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1978

The increased application of phosphate on soybean grown in a newly cultivated hill-side field resulted: positive correlation phosphate content in soil and stem length. number of branches and yield. and between increased application of phosphate and yield and yield components. 46.2kg/10a of phosphate application out yielded by 69％ the nonapplied plot.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effects of two plant populations (28 and 14 plants per $m^2$) and two toppings in conventional plant population (28 plants per $m^2$) on soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Pungsannamulkong) cultivated in the paddy field. The two topping time were taken at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ and 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stages in the conventional plant population. Experimental design for growth data was a randomized complete block with three replications, and samples were taken at R1 (July 31), R3 (August 19), R5 (September 2) and R7 (September 23) growth stages. The branch number of soybean was relatively higher in the low plant population (14 plants per $m^2$) and with the topping at the 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ leaf stage, in the conventional plant population (28 plants per $m^2$), and with topping at the 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage in descending order. The highest average branch length of soybean was observed in the low population and the longest branch length was observed from the soybean with topping at the 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was decreased in order of in the low population, with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage, with the topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage, and in the conventional population. The leaf area was high in the low population and with topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with the topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage in soybean. The dry weight of leaves and branches was high in the low population and with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage. The leaf number per plant was high in the low population and with topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage and was relatively low in the conventional population and with topping at 8$^{th}$ to 9$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage. The grain yield per 10a was high with the topping at 6$^{th}$ to 7$^{th}$ trifoliolate leaf stage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.340-347
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• 1996

Soybean [Glycjne max Merr. L.] variety 'Danyeobkong' was inoculated with soybean mosaic virus SMV-G5H strain in field and green house at Crop Experiment Station in 1995. The effects of this virus strain on plant characteristics and seed chemical composition of the soybean variety Danyeobkong were evaluated. Yield, the number of pod and 100 seed weight were significantly reduced by SMV-G5H strain infection. Inoculation of SMV-G5H strain of soybean mosaic virus caused the increment of seed protein content and the decrement of seed oil content in the soybean variety Danyeobkong. Changing pattern of fatty acid composition by SMV-G5H strain infection was varied according to the experimental place. In field trial, the percentage of linoleic and linolenic acids decreased and stearic and oleic acids increased in the seed oil from virus infected plants. In green house trial, however, linolenic and oleic acids were increased, whereas palmitic and linoleic acids were reduced.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.593-598
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage methods such as plowing and rotary tillage (PRT), rotary tillage (RTG), no-tillage after barley straw application (NTB), and barley straw mulching after plowing and rotary tillage (BPR) on the growth and the yield of soybean when cultivated after the cultivation of barley. The methods were compared with the control method in which plowing and rotary tillage after barley straw incineration was applied. Barley straw application resulted in increase in organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphate, and exchangeable cation regardless of tillage methods. Porosity and moisture level in paddy soil was ranked as follows : PRT > RTG > BPR > control > NTB. Decomposition rate of barley straw dramatically increased to 41.7% toward 30 days after soybean sowing, higher in NTB, DRB, and RTG than in BPR. Weed occurrence was decreased 36% in NTB and 40% in BPR. Root activity, nodulation and the dry weight per plant of soybean at flowering stage were highest in NTB and lowest in PRT. Soybean yield in NTB was 3,070 kg/ha increasing 19%, whereas that in PRT was not increased. Therefore in case of a frequent rain during the cultivation of soybean in paddy field PRT could result in excess moisture level in soil, the cultivation without tillage is desirable.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 1995

This study was carried out to make the most of them as the fundamental data for reasonable weed control when population of weeds was observed in the alternated fields of lowland and upland. The annual and the perennial paddy weeds in the continuous paddy rice field remarkably decreased when compared to that in the alternated field of paddy rice and soybean. The longer was the duration of upland field condition, the less was the population of lowland weeds and the more was the population of upland weeds. Biennial weeds in the contiuous paddy rice field were less than that in the rotated field of paddy rice and soybean, and this tendency was clear in Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. In the continuous cropping of paddy rice, population of biennial weeds in the culverted field was higher than that in the unculverted one, but in the continuous cropping of soybean this tendency was vice versa.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.183-197
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• 2006

Combinations of visible and near-infrared (NIR) bands in an image are widely used for estimating vegetation vigor and productivity. Using this approach to understand within-field grain crop variability could allow pre-harvest estimates of yield, and might enable mapping of yield variations without use of a combine yield monitor. The objective of this study was to estimate within-field variations in crop yield using vegetation indices derived from hyperspectral images. Hyperspectral images were acquired using an aerial sensor on multiple dates during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons for corn and soybean fields in central Missouri. Vegetation indices, including intensity normalized red (NR), intensity normalized green (NG), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), green NDVI (gNDVI), and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), were derived from the images using wavelengths from 440 nm to 850 nm, with bands selected using an iterative procedure. Accuracy of yield estimation models based on these vegetation indices was assessed by comparison with combine yield monitor data. In 2003, late-season NG provided the best estimation of both corn $(r^2\;=\;0.632)$ and soybean $(r^2\;=\;0.467)$ yields. Stepwise multiple linear regression using multiple hyperspectral bands was also used to estimate yield, and explained similar amounts of yield variation. Corn yield variability was better modeled than was soybean yield variability. Remote sensing was better able to estimate yields in the 2003 season when crop growth was limited by water availability, especially on drought-prone portions of the fields. In 2004, when timely rains during the growing season provided adequate moisture across entire fields and yield variability was less, remote sensing estimates of yield were much poorer $(r^2<0.3)$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.185-191
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate different herbicides for optimum growth, yield and nutritive value of corn-soybean mixed forage under randomized complete block design. The experimental site was selected and divided equally into 3 blocks. Each block was further divided into 5 plots that each plot had 15 square meter space ($3{\times}5$). Five herbicidal treatments were randomly applied over 5 plots and herbicides were used under 5 herbicidal treatments, viz. 1) No herbicide (control); 2) Pendimethalin; 3) Linuron; 4) S-metolachlor and 5) Ethalfluralin. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA through SAS 9.1.3 software. The results indicated that growth characteristics were not influenced (p > 0.05) by any herbicide. However, arithmetically corn stalk height was highest in the field of Pendimethalin treatment, whereas highest soybean height was found in the field of S-metolachlor. Arithmetically dry matter (DM) yield was increased with herbicidal treatments as compared to that of control treatment. Relatively highest DM yield (130%) was recorded in the treatment of Ethalfluralin followed by Pendimethalin (126%), S-metolachlor (126%) and Linuron (108%) as compared to that of control treatment. The weed emergence was significantly reduced in all herbicidal treatments as compared to that of control (p > 0.05), but the difference among herbicidal treatments was non-significant. It was concluded that weed emergence can be effectively controlled by use of any tested herbicide. However, optimum DM yield can be achieved through using herbicides; Ethalfluralin, Pendimethalin and S-metolachlor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.58-59
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• 2005