• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 1983

This study indicated that mackerel flesh can be prepared as an intermediate moisture deep-fried product. The fillet were cut into $2{\times}2{\times}1.5cm$ (about 4g each): then submerged in an infusion solution (lg flesh: 1ml solution) containing 45.9% of water, 6% of sodium chloride, 40% of sorbitol, 2.4% of propylene glycol, 0.7% of potassium sorbate, 3% of sugar, 2% of monosodium glutamate, and $0.6m{\ell}$ of alcoholic extracts from red pepper, and heated for 10 min at $105^{\circ}C$. The infused flesh was drained for 15 min and then coated with batter and crumb. The pieces were deep fried in soybean oil for 3 min at $170^{\circ}C$ and cooled on absorbent paper. The initial water activity of the product was 0.86. Judging from the results of experimental data such as peroxide value, TBA value, viable cell count and sensory evaluation, the quality of products were stable for 50 days at room temperature ($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1992

The antimutagenic effects of green-yellow vegetables toward aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-ox-ide (4-NQO) using the Ames assay system with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were studied. Forty six to fifty percent of the methanol extracts of the vegetable samples inhibited the mutagenicity induced by AFB$_1$in TA98 and TA100. Perilla leaf, lettuce, broccoli, crown daisy, water dropwort, small water dropwort, red pepper, red pepper leaves, amaranth, spinach and radish root were significantly reduced the mutagenicity of AFB$_1$(p< 0.01). Whereas 25 out of 27 samples (93%) exhibited antimutagenicity toward a direct mutagen of 4-NQO (p< 0.01. 0.05). The samples which showed the strong antimutagenicity (>60%) were cabbage, kale, lettuce, broccoli, mustard leaf, green red pepper, green sweet pepper, spinach, amaranth, soybean sprout and immature pumpkin. The juices from the several samples also showed antimu-tagenic activity toward AFB$_1$. Cabbage, perilla leaf, small water dropwort and spinach reduced TAT100 revertants dose dependently in the range of 50-500$m\ell$/plate, however, cucumber and carrot showed little effect.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a walking-type two-row sesame reaper, which can simultaneously perform the cutting and collecting of sesame plants and other crops like perilla and soybean. Methods: The factors involved in reaping sesame were determined experimentally in order to design a prototype of the sesame reaper. The prototype is made up of four parts for cutting, conveying, collecting, and running. The height of two disc-plate saw blades on the cutting part is adjusted by an adjusting wheel, and peripheral speed is adjusted in accordance with the running speed. The conveying belt of the conveying part can be tilted from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$. The collecting part extracts a predetermined amount of transferred sesame plants. The prototype was used to evaluate the performance at different working speeds, so that the work efficiency can be calculated. Results: The center of gravity of the sesame plants was 900 mm, measured from the end of the cut stem. The diameter of the disc-plate saw blade was determined to be 355 mm, peripheral speed was 20.4-32.7 m/s, and the picking height of the conveying belt for sesame was 130 mm. The performance of transfer and collection of the sesame, when the insertion angles were $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$, proved to be excellent. However, when the angle was over $120^{\circ}$, the performance was only 75-80%. The performance was at 100% efficiency when the ratio between running speed and conveying belt speed of the prototype was 1:2, which seems to be the ideal ratio for the sesame reaper. Conclusions: A sesame reaper was developed, which can integrate the processes of cutting, conveying, and collecting, by investigating and considering various factors involved in the reaping process. The sesame reaper can reduce the costs for yielding and producing sesame due to its highly efficient performance.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.736-742
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• 2008

To evaluate changes in functional characteristics of traditional Doenjang during aging, Doenjang was prepared using an extract of Phellinus linteus (Phellinus extract). Control Doenjang was aged without the extract. The protease activity of Doenjang prepared with Phellinus extract was 3.15 units/mL. Tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were 45.78% and 55.18% of control, respectively, in the treated sample. When Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium TA100 was used as a reporter strain, antimutagenic activities against the mutagens MNNG and NPD were 90.42% and 82.57% of control values in the treated sample. When S. enterica serovar Typhimurium TA98 was used, antimutagenic activities were 60.28% and 50.33% of control, respectively. Hydrogen-donating activity was 86.65% in the treated sample, which was higher than that of the control (61.69%). Daidzin (an isoflavon glucoside) levels in Doenjang prepared with Phellinus extract were higher, by 35.49 mg/kg, than the control, whereas genistin was not detected in either group. Daidzin and genistin aglycone levels were 263.01 mg/kg and 262.60 mg/kg in the control and test groups, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

The seed, the most basic component, is an important factor in increasing production and efficiency in agriculture. Seeds with superior genes can be expected to improve agricultural productivity, crop survival, and reproduction. Currently, however, screening of superior seeds depends mostly on manual work, which requires a lot of time and manpower. In this paper, we propose a system that can extract the characteristics of seed phenotypes by using computer image processing technology, so that even a small number of people and a short period of time are needed to extract the characteristics of seeds. The proposed system detects individual seeds from images containing large quantities of seeds, and extracts and stores various characteristics such as representative colors, area, perimeter and roundness for each individual seed. Due to the regularity of input images, the accuracy of individual seed extraction in the proposed system is 99.12% for soybean seeds and 99.76% for rice seeds. The extracted data will be used as basic data for various data analyses that reflect the opinions of experts in the future, and will be used as basic data to determine the expressive nature of each seed.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate antidiabetic effects of chunggugjang with medicinal herbal complex (CJ) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced animal models. Method : STZ (65 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. Then rats were divided into 5 groups ; NG (normal diet + 0.9% saline), COS (STZ +saline 5 mL/kg), COB (STZ + fermented soybean(100 mg/kg), CJ 100/200 (STZ+CJ(100 and 200 mg/kg), CJ 300/600 (STZ+CJ(300 and 600 mg/kg). 4 weeks later, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. After sacrificing rats, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured and histological changes were observed. Result : Body weight change and food efficiency ratio (FER) were decreased in the CJ 300/600 group than in the COS group. But, there was no change in water intake. Serum levels of glucose, AST, ALT and BUN were lower in the CJ 300/600 group than in the COS group. Also, TG, TC, and creatinine were decreased in the CJ 300/600 group than in the COS group. According to OGTT, 120 minutes postprandial glucose levels were lower in the CJ 300/600 group than in the COS group. In addition, administration of CJ extracts restored histopathological damage. Conclusion : The results suggest that CJ can be used as a functional material for diabetes treatment as it has the effect to improve pathological symptoms in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1121-1128
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• 2007

The fruits of Zanthoxylum piperitum are known as having various physiology vitality, and the abstraction ingredient of the pericarp is also known as having strong antibiotic activities against various bacteria. Therefore, this study was carried out to estimate the effect of physiology vitality when the abstraction ingredient of Z. piperitum was added in soy sauce(Chopi-kanjang) and soybean paste(Chopi-doenjang). For the antibiotic activity against the pathogens of sitotoxism such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, the extracts of the Chopi-kanjang was added 1%, 2%, 4% pericarp of Z. piperitum in the manufacturing process of soy source. According to the results, the growth of E. coli 0157:H7 and V. parahemolyticus were respectively inhibited as 70% and 50% by the Chopi-kanjang added 2% of the ingredient. For the antibiotic effects of the aforementioned Chopi-kanjang against Sal. typhimurium and Sta. aureus, the growth of those pathogens was also inhibited between 40% and 60% according to the manufacturing period of Chopi-kanjang. It was confirmed that the antibiotic activity using the mixture of the abstraction ingredient and Chopi-doenjang was lower than those of Chopi-kanjang. In order to estimate the anticancer activity using by caspase-3 activity, the mixture of the abstraction ingredient of the pericarp of Z. piperitum and Chopi-kanjang was treated to leukemia cells. According to the results, the activities of caspase-3 using the mixture added 1%, 2% and 4% of the abstraction ingredient were respectively increased as much as 4, 12, 15 times comparing with the control which was treated with the soy source only. It could be that the mixture of the abstraction ingredient of the pericarp of Z. piperitum and soy source induced apoptosis, and the mixture of the abstraction ingredient and soybean paste had no effect on the activity of caspase-3. In order to find out the death of the aforementioned cells caused by necrosis or apoptosis, DNA fragmentation in the cell was examined. U-937 cells showed apoptotic DNA fragmentation in the incubation with Chopi-kanjang extract.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2018

Inflammatory response and oxidative stress play critical roles in the development and progression of many human diseases. Therefore, a great deal of attention has been focused on finding functional materials that can control inflammation and oxidative stress simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Socheongja and Socheong 2, Korean black seed coat soybean varieties, on the inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our data indicated that the extracts of Socheongja (SCJ) and Socheong 2 (SC2) significantly suppressed LPS-induced production of nitrite oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$, key pro-inflammatory mediators, by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. It was also found that SCJ and SC2 reduced the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and $interleukin-1{\beta}$, which was concomitant with a decrease in the protein levels. In addition, SCJ and SC2 markedly diminished LPS-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, and effectively enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. Furthermore, LPS-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was abrogated by SCJ and SC2. Taken together, these data suggest that SCJ and SC2 may offer protective roles against LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages through attenuating MAPKs pathway, and these effects are mediated, at least in part, through activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Given these results, we propose that SCJ and SC2 have therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative disorders caused by over-activation of macrophages.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus, medicinal plant extracts, and plant extracts on growth performance, cecal microflora, relative organ weight, and lymphocyte profile in broiler chickens. One hundred broilers (5 wk old) were used and divided into five (treatment) ${\times}$ two (challenged Salmonella) groups containing 10 broilers. The treatments were as follows: no antibiotics group (NC), antibiotics group (PC), 0.1% lactic acid bacteria group (LB), 100 ppm medicinal plant extract group (MPE), and 100 ppm herb extract group (HE). A basal diet was formulated as 3,100 kcal/kg ME and 20% CP based on corn and soybean meal. Broilers were fed with the experimental diets with no challenge for 1 wk and with challenge of SG for 2 wk. SG were added in water as $1.0{\times}10^6cfu/L$. Final body weight and weight gain were significantly decreased following challenge with SG (P<0.05). However, with the addition of antibiotic alternatives, growth performance was improved and reduction of performance following challenge with SG was lowed compared with that of the NC treatment (P<0.05). Coliform bacteria and Salmonella but not lactic acid bacteria increased with the addition of antibiotic alternatives (P<0.05). Lactobacillus increased significantly with the addition of lactic acid bacteria compared with the NC and PC treatments (P<0.05). The weight of liver, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius increased with addition of antibiotic alternatives (P<0.05). WBC was highly reduced at 4 days after challenge with SG, but was normally maintained thereafter. There was no significant difference in coliform bacteria, Salmonella, organ weights, or WBC with the addition of antibiotic alternatives. Finally, Lactobacillus, medicinal plant extract, and herb extract can be used as antibiotic alternatives; but one alternative completely can't alternate as antibiotics. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the synergistic effects of two or more antibiotic alternatives.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.199-210
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop functional sources of herbal cosmetics for treatment of skin aging and inflammatory disorders using volatile flavor extracts of four different herbal medicinal prescriptions including Cnidium officinale Makino (COM), Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN), Mentha arvense L. (MAL), Artemisiae argyi Folium (AAF), Paeonia lactiflora Pall (PLP), Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (RRP), Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG), Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PGM), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (GUF). The volatile flavor extracts of four different herbal medicinal prescriptions (HH-1: COM, AGN, PLP, RRP, HH-2: COM, AGN, PLP, RRP, SBG, PGM, GUF, HH-3: COM, AGN, MAL, AAF, HH-4: COM, AGN, MAL, AAF, SBG, PGM, GUF) were extracted using SDE and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were measured by using DPPH radical and SLO, respectively. As a result, HH-2 showed moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity (68.24 %) and the strongest SLO inhibitory activity (83.96 %) at 100 ${\mu}g$/mL. Moreover, HH-2 of four different prescriptions significantly inhibited NO production on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner without considerable cell cytotoxicity at range of 2.0 ~ 50 ${\mu}g$/mL. Additionally, HH-2 also effectively suppressed the production of $PGE_2$ and IL-6, which are responsible for promoting the inflammatory process. Major volatile components of HH-2 were identified as eugenol, paeonol, butyl phthalide, ${\beta}$-eudesmol and butylidene dihydrophthalide by GC-MS analysis. Thus, these results suggest that HH-2 may be useful as a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents in herbal medicinal cosmetics.