• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.426-433
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• 1988

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of application of slacked lime and fused super-phosphate on the lead uptake of upland crops in a lead added soil. Lead concentration of the soils were adjusted to 0, 150, 300mg/kg respectively. The slacked lime was applied at the equivalent amount of lime requirement with extra 150kg/10a, and 2 times for the fused superphosphate. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Lead contents in crops increased in the order: sesame > maize > potato > sweet potato > soybean > green perilla > peanut > red bean. 2. Lead contents in parts of crops were increased in the order; root > stem > leaf > grain. 3. Increasing lead concentration in soils, lead content in the plant was increased and crops yield were decreased. 4. Lead contents in soybean and green perlilla were decreased in slacked lime application treatment. 5. The lead contents in leaf and grain of soybean and green perllila decreased with decreasing in the ratio of Pb/Ca+Mg equivalent in soil. 6. Grain yield were increased in slacked lime, but were decreased in fused superphosphate application treatment. 7. With increasing the soil Pb contents, calcium and phosphate contents were increased in leaf and stem, but calcium was decreased in roots. 8. $1N-NH_4$ OAC soluble Pb contents in soil were 26-50 ppm and 42-70 ppm, respectively, for 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg lead treatments. 9. The soil pH was increased in the order of slacked lime, fused superphosphate and nontreatment.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.397-408
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• 2003

This study was conducted to examine the feeding effects of FFWBG (fermented feedstuff with wet brewer’s grain) and GS(grinding soybean) in Hanwoo steers. For this research, total twenty steers(average body weight : 455.7$\pm$25.9kg) were grouped into control(formula feed), T1(formula feed:FFWBG=60:40), T2(formula feed:GS=80:20), T3(formula feed:FFWBG:GS=50:40:10), and T4(formula feed: FFWBG:GS=40:40:20), each treatment was allocated to four steers. There was a tendency to be increased average daily gain in T1, T2, T3 and T4 compared with the control even though no statistical significance was found. The feed conversion of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were beneficially better than that of control(P<0.05; 8.25, 9.44, 6.69 and 7.71 vs 11.90, respectively). The blood urea nitrogen concentration of T4 was higher than that of control(P<0.05), but the creatinine concentration of T4 was lower than that of control(P<0.05). The glucose concentration of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were higher than that of control(P<0.05; 59.39, 62.44, 62.17 and 54.00 vs 51.00mg/$d\ell$, respectively). The back-fat thickness of T3 was thicker than that of control, T1, T2 and T4. The rib-eye area of T1, T3 and T4 was wider than that of control. Appearances percentage of ‘A’ ranked meat quantity were 66, 33, 75 and 33% in control, T1, T2 and T4, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.12
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• pp.31-36
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• 1972

These studies were carried out to find out the proper plant spacing and the optimum amount of nitrogen for maximum yield, on the occasion of early planting with creen vegetable (soybean for cook with rice) at the low temperature in early spring. The plant spacing were applied in 5 levels (50cm$\times$5cm, 50cm$\times$10cm, 40cm$\times$10cm, 30cm$\times$10cm and 30cm$\times$20cm) and the amount of nitrogen were applied in 4 levels (non, standard, twice and triple-amount), The triple super phosphate and potassium chloride were applied only in standard amount. The promotion of flowering was practised by the short-day treatment for 10 days (11 hr. a day). The variety examined was the early maturing one, HOKKAI # 1. and the results are as follow. 1. The plant spacing for maximum yield by the promotion of branch, pod and garin per a plant recognized the fact that there were 2 levels (50cm$\times$10cm and 30cm$\times$20cm planting method) and the maximum yield by the promotion of pod and grain per area showed the fact that there were 2 levels (50cm$\times$5cm and 30cm$\times$10cm planting method) in narrow planting method. 2. The optimum amount of nitrogen applied for maximum yield of pod and grain per area recognized w hat was sufficient as standard amount.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 1987

To increase the feed value of corn stover after grain harvesting, these studies were conducted to evaluate the methods and effects of intercropping with corn and legume crops, soybean and cowpea. Basic studies were designed to detect the light receiving efficiency of intercrops with change of row-space and interrowspace under plant density of the level of 5,555 plants/l0a. Another study was conducted to select the favorable varieties for intercropping. The plant space of 90 x 20 cm was more effective to increase the light receiving effeciency of intercrop without decrease the yield of corn than that of 60 x 30 cm. Among several corn hybrid/varieties, erect leaf type was desirable for intercropping with high light penetration. Silage yield of intercropping with corn and legume crops increased above 20% without decrease of grain yield of corn compared with monocropping. The silage of intercropping appeared as a good quality roughage bulky feed with high content of crude protein and fat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1726-1733
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• 2012

The effect of genotype, fibre level and fibre source on gut morphology, environment and microflora was studied using 18 Mong Cai (MC) and 18 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire (LY) pigs, aged around 60 d. The diets were based on maize, rice bran, soybean meal, fish meal and soybean oil, and cassava residue (CR) or brewer's grain (BG) as fibrous ingredient sources in the high-fibre diets (HF). A low-fibre diet (LF), containing around 200 g NDF/kg dry matter (DM), was formulated without CR and BG as feed ingredients. The HF diets (HF-CR and HF-BG) were formulated to contain around 270 g NDF/kg DM. The experiment was arranged according to a $2{\times}3$ factorial completely randomized design with six replications, and lasted 30 d. Crypt density in ileum was lowest (p<0.05) and villus height in jejunum and ileum were the greatest (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet HF-BG. Villus width in ileum was greatest in pigs fed diets HF-CR and HF-BG (p<0.05). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in stomach were greatest (p<0.05) and E. coli counts in ileum and colon were lowest (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet HF-CR. The concentration of total organic acids in ileum, caecum and colon were greatest (p<0.05), and pH in ileum and colon were lowest (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet HF-CR. Crypt density in ileum was lowest, and villus height in ileum and villus width in jejunum and ileum was greatest in LY pigs (p<0.05). LAB counts in stomach and ileum were greatest, and E. coli counts in ileum were lowest in MC pigs (p<0.05). The concentration of total organic acids in ileum, caecum and colon were greatest (p<0.05) and pH lowest (p<0.05) in MC pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.976-986
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• 2015

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of lipid sources with different fatty acids profile on meat fatty acids profile and beef quality traits of Nellore. A total of 45 Nellore animals with an average initial body weight of $419{\pm}11kg$ (at $15{\pm}2mo$) were distributed in a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments and 9 replicates. The roughage feed was maize silage (600 g/kg on a dry matter [DM] basis) plus concentrate (400 g/kg on a DM basis). The dietary treatments were as follows: without fat (WF), palm oil (PO), linseed oil (LO), protected fat (PF), and soybean grains (SG). No effects of lipid sources were observed (p>0.05) on beef color, pH, water-holding capacity, and sarcomere length. Beef from cattle fed PO had greater shear-force values (p<0.05) compared to beef from cattle fed WF. Deposition of main unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and linolenic) was greater in treatments WF, SG, and LO, respectively, while the values of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were greater when animals were fed LO. The inclusion of LO in the diet enhances the concentration of CLA in longissimus muscle and subcutaneous fat besides improving the atherogenicity index and elongase activity. As such, LO can be used with the aim to improve the quality of beef from confined Nellore cattle. Conversely, the use of PO is not recommended since it may increase the concentration of undesirable unsaturated fatty acids in muscle and subcutaneous fat, shear-force and the atherogenicity index.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2012

Dioxins are chemical substances that are not properly decomposed degradation under natural photochemical, biological and chemical conditions in the environment, and bio-accumulate through the food chain, so pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. Ninety seven percent of human exposure to dioxins comes through meat, fish, dairy consumption and so on. Pork is the largest proportion meat aspect of daily intake in the Korean food. Pigs are three times more than Cattle in terms of breeding population and production amount in the world, and the amount is increasing every year. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the exposure level of dioxins in pig's body. Also, it is required to evaluate the presence of these chemical substances in the pig's feed grain such as corn, soybeans, and tallow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PCDD/Fs in pig's feed to search the origin of PCDD/Fs. Feed samples obtained were wheat from East Europe, corn from South America and America, soybean meal from Korea, America, South America and India and tallow from Korea. The preparation of samples was based on the EPA method 1613. Instrumental analysis was based on the use of high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), which are the most toxic potent dioxins, were not observed in any of the samples. However OCDD was detected in most of the samples. The TEQs in the feed samples were ranged from 0 pg TEQ/g to 0.09841 pg TEQ/g. Especially, the high level of TEQs was observed in the samples of wheat from East Europe and soybean meal from Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.757-763
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• 1999

Based on the previous studies, R. stolonifer was selected for the model system of Korean soy sauce preparation process, using the fermented soybean. The system of meju fermentation was refined; the optimal conditions of temperature and relative humidity were $25^{\circ}C$ and 90%, respectively. The optimal temperature for soy sauce fermentation was evaluated to the $25^{\circ}C$ and, in the latter half of the fermentation, some aeration was observed to positively affect the sensory evaluation of soy sauce. In the sensory evaluation, the soy sauce fermented with B. subtilis and A. sojae was showed to be better than one fermented with R. stolonifer. Conditions of the pasteurization and ultrafiltration process were also established for industrialization of the soy sauce. Finally, the standard systems using the soybean fermented was, by the industrial scales, proposed for Korean traditional soy sauces.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2018

The objective of this research was to determine the grain oil most suitable for the production of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) in China, in order to supply dietary omega-3 FAs. This study focused on the nutritional significance of omega-3 FAs and the wide search of sources of dietary omega-3 FA from oil grains produced in China. Five oil grains produced in the Yanbian region, namely sesame, flax, peanut, soybean, and corn, were selected and analyzed for their fat content and FA composition. Results showed that the lipid content in sesame, flax, and peanut, which was more than 30%, was higher than that in soybean and corn. The polyunsaturated FA content was found to be directly proportional to omega-3 FA content. Flax showed a considerably higher omega-3 FA content (53.43%) than other samples, suggesting its potential as a source of dietary omega-3 FA. The optimal daily intake of flax for males and females was determined to be 2.99 g (over one table spoon) and 2.06 g (nearly one table spoon), respectively. Flax showed the lowest ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 FA (0.32%), which can help reduce this ratio in the human body; the intake of equal amounts of flax and corn could achieve an optimum ratio of 1:1. These results can prove to be valuable in the preparation of various functional dairy foods in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.241-254
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• 2019

This study researched the food culture and bean economy of the Joseon dynasty during the 16th century and according to the primary lifestyle reference "Shaemirok (?尾錄)". The research analyzed the textual contents of the "Shaemirok (?尾錄)". It is clear that the people of the Joseon dynasty produced more beans than grain, at a ratio of 41 to 50, respectively. The soy bean sauce consumption was split into family consumption and non-family consumption. It was evident that there was more family consumption compared to that of non-family consumption at a ratio of 7 to 3, respectively. People of the Joseon dynasty annually recorded their way of making soy sauce from 1595 to 1600. The Joseon writers edited the record six times for making meju and four times for making soy sauce. The recorded ratio displays the ingredients of soy sauce, which were: 6 Du of Mal Jang and 2 Du of salt. Mal Jang and salt had a three to one ratio, respectively. The most mentioned food was Tofu during the mid-Joseon period with fifty six mentions. The Joseon people regarded making Tofu in a Buddhist temple as a family-bonding experience. Porridge was the second most prominent food next to Tofu, among the bean-related food. Porridge appears thirty five times. There were 3 types of porridge named: bean porridge, bean powder porridge and mung bean porridge.