• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.143-157
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• 2021

International organizations such as the World Health Organization, the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation, and major developed countries recognize the seriousness of air pollution. International organizations such as the International Maritime Organization have also implemented various regulations to reduce air pollution from ships. In line with this international trend, the government has also enacted a special law on improving air quality in port areas, and is making efforts to reduce air pollution caused by ports. The purpose of the Special Act is to implement comprehensive policies to improve air quality in port areas. This study sought to identify the emissions of each source of air pollutants originating from the port and prepare basic data on setting the policy priorities. To this end, the analysis was conducted in six categories: ships, vehicles, loading and unloading equipment, railways, unloading/wild ash dust, road ash dust, and the methodology presented by the European Environment Agency(EEA) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). The pollutants subject to analysis were analyzed for carbon monoxide(CO), nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulfur oxides(SOX), total airborne materials(TSP), particulate matter(PM10, PM2.5), and ammonia(NH3). The analysis showed a total of 7,122 tons of emissions. By substance, NOX accounted for the largest portion of 5,084 tons, followed by CO (984 tons), SOX (530 tons), and TSP (335 tons). By source of emissions, ships accounted for the largest portion with 4,107 tons, followed by vehicles with 2,622 tons, showing high emissions. This proved to be the main cause of port air pollution, with 57.6% and 36.8% of total emissions, respectively, suggesting the need for countermeasures against these sources.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.609-612
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• 2007

The co-combustion of coal and RPF(Refuse Plastic Fuel) mixture has been experimented in a commercially operating CFB coal boiler and the emissions such as SOx, NOx, TSP and dioxine were measured at the stack. The experimented RPF was supplied by domestic RPF company that is commercially producing RPF pellet from the wasted plastics. Up to 15% of total coal was substituted to RPF and no trouble was happened during normal boiler operation. SOx and NOx concentration was reduced about $15{\sim}20$% and TSP(Total Suspended Particle) was drastically reduced about 30% during co-combustion. Dioxine concentration at mixing ratio of 7.5% was $0.0487ng{\sim}TEQ/Sm^3$ ($O_2$, 12%) that satisfied governmental emission regulation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2000

In this study we investigated on the possibility of platinum and silver catalysts as de-NOx catalyst for activity test of supported metal oxide catalysts. the study was performed with the change of amount of metal and support types. The catalyst was prepared the activity of alumina supported silver catalyst produced by dry and wet impregnation method respectively and the resistance of sulfur for optimum supported silver catalyst,. As a result the activity of alumina supported platinum catalyst was showed at low temperature region but the case of silver catalyst activated at high temperature region. So we finally chose alumina supported silver catalyst as de-NOx target catalyst because alumina supported catalyst showed higher activity than alumina supported platinum catalyst.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2021

In this study, CALPUFF, a three-dimensional atmospheric diffusion model, was used to predict the degree of influence of pollutants generated during clean center operation on surrounding areas. To drive the CALPUFF model, CALMET, a weather field calculation model, was used. Due to the influence of the wind field, air pollutants from the Clean Center diffused in the southeast direction, increasing the distribution area. SOx satisfies atmospheric environmental standards with an annual average value of 0.02 ppm or less NOx satisfies atmospheric environmental standards with an annual average value of 0.03 ppm or less. Dust (PM-10) satisfies atmospheric environmental standards with an annual average value of 50㎍/m³ or less and 24 hours average value of 100㎍/m³ or less. CO satisfies atmospheric environmental standards with an 8 hours average value of 9 ppm or less and an 1 hour average value of 25 ppm or less.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.419-422
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• 2023

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare congenital anomaly that is clinically defined by developmental delay and characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, including optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary hormone abnormalities, and midline brain defects. The occurrence of SOD is generally sporadic; however, it can be inherited rarely. Although an association with HESX1, SOX2, and SOX3 mutations has been identified, the detailed etiology is multifactorial and unclear. Here, we present the case of a 7-year-old girl who was clinically diagnosed with SOD and 15q13.3 duplication. Patients with duplication at chromosome 15q13.3 were reported to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and schizophrenia in previous studies. The relationship between SOD and the microduplication of 15q13.3 has not yet been explored. In this study, we suggest that there may be an association between chromosome 15q13.3 microduplication and SOD.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.3-15
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• 2024

Environmental awareness is rising worldwide. however, cement manufacturing facilities use recycled resources to improve raw material and fuel substitution rates, contributing to environmental issues such as waste disposal. The emission of sulfur oxides (SOx), an air pollutant, has been regulated by limestone as raw material in cement manufacturing. However, the impact of increasing use of recycled resources on future facility processes and environmental changes is unclear. Therefore, the cement manufacturing facilities require desulfurization-related technologies and research. In this study, we investigated the applicability of desulfurization technology to cement manufacturing facilities and demonstrated various approaches to applying this technology using byproducts generated in cement manufacturing.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.188-197
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• 1997

MARKAL model was applied for assessment of iron and steel technology for the year of 2032 considering cost and environmental effects based on 1992. Technology, energy and material flows were analyzed in iron and steel sector. Reference iron and steel system was designed according to this analysis. Six scenarios were developed considering cost and environmental limitations such as CO$_2$emission control and SOx reduction cost. Competitiveness of technologies in iron and steel sector was assessed under different environmental limitations with cost minimization. Through this study, it was confirmed that MARKAL model can be applied to technology assessment in the field of iron and steel industry.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

This study was conducted on a circulation system which can recycle waste water from EGCS(Exhaust Gas Cleaning System) using a wet scrubber that is used to treat air pollutants from ships. Though we developed a water treatment system that could remove effectively particulate matters and dispersed oil included in cleaning water for Ship Exhaust Gas Recycle System(DePM & DeSOx), we found that it is difficult to treat minutely dispersed oil only by means of centrifugal-typed purifier. Therefore, to this system, we applied a coalescer that coalesces emulsified minute oil particles in the 2nd phase of dispersion state after being filtered through the centrifugal-typed purifier. After we treated cleaning water drained out of Ship Exhaust Gas Recycle System(DePM & DeSOx) by using both purifier and coalescer, we found that particulate matters and dispersed oil were removed more than 55% and 99%, respectively, in comparison with those contained in cleaning water influent. Putting the results together, we conclude that the treated cleaning water can be recycled as normal cleaning water if this cleaning water treatment system is employed by the wet cleaning tower system for the reduction of air pollutants from ships.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the emissions of the air pollutants from the automobile in Suwon city. To estimate emissions due to by automobile the data of express highway and the national road used an observation traffic volume, and the other roads used a method by Vehicle kilometer traveled(VKT). In the emissions due to by automobile from Suwon city, CO was highest 36,290.4 ton/year, NOx at 19,392.1 tons, HC 5,095.4 tons and PM 2,788.7 tons was highly order. SOx emissions in the whole Suwon city by fuel types was investigated with 178ton/year from the Diesel motorcar, 26.9 ton/year and 6.2 ton/year from the gasolines and LPG automobiles, respectively. VOC emissions from the automobile was investigated with 366.4 ton/year (29.22%) from Gwonseon-gu, 329.2 ton/year (26.25%) Yeongtong-gu, 319.9 ton/year (25.51%) Jangan-gu, 238.6 ton/year (19.03%) Paldal-gu.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2024

There is a lot of concern around the world about air pollution from ships. The majority of air pollution from ships comes from fuel combustion. The combustion process produces various air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and particulate matter (PM), each of which has adverse effects on people and is a major environmental problem. To prevent this, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has strengthened the regulation of pollutant emissions through the Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution. This paper discusses the types of air pollutants emitted by ships, their current status, and the latest technologies to reduce emissions of NOx and SOx.