• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.243-251
• /
• 2010

ESRRB (Estrogen related receptor $\beta$) is an orphan receptor, and have a role on maintaining the undifferentiated state and self-renewal of pluripotent stem cell as a transcription factor which regulates the expression of OCT4 and NANOG genes. Also, Feng et al. (2009) reported that Esrrb, Oct4 and Sox2 could induce pluripotent stem cell from somatic cells. The aim of the present study was to develop the direct delivery system of human ESRRB protein into human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) and to analyze the effect of ESRRB on the regulation of pluripotency-related genes. Human ESRRB has three isoforms arisen by alternative splicing. We cloned short-form ESRRB and made a fusion protein of ESRRB and R7 for an efficient protein transfer to cell. R7 as cell-penetrating peptide(CPP) can help to transfer ESRRB into cells. R7-ESRRB-His6 protein was observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei within 5 hours after treatment. Also, we could observe R7-ESRRB-His6 protein only in the nuclei within 24 hours. Realtime PCR showed that ESRRB increased expression of OCT4 and NANOG as well as SOX2 gene. Therefore, we demonstrated that R7-ESRRB-His6 proteins were efficiently transferred into the nuclei of AFSCs and work well as a possible transcription factor.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
• /
• 1995.11a
• /
• pp.38-41
• /
• 1995

화석연료의 연소에 의하여 방출되는 SO$_2$ 와 NO 에 의한 대기오염의 심각성은 이미 잘 알려져 있으며 그에 따른 배출규제 또한 강화되고 있다. 최근에는 탈황과 탈질을 동시에 처리하는 동시 탈황탈질 공정의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 동시제거 공정은 주로 흡수제/촉매를 토대로 개발되고 있으며 산화구리가 담지된 알루미나 (CuO/${\gamma}$-A1$_2$O$_3$) 흡수제/촉매는 SOx, NOx 동시제거에 효과적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 담지된 CuO 와 담체 A1$_2$O$_3$는 SO$_2$ 와 $O_2$ 존재하에 반응하여 CuSO$_4$ 와 $Al_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$ 가되며 [1] CuSO$_4$ 와 미반응된 CuO 는 NO 제거를 위한 촉매로서의 역할을 하게 된다 [2].

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.333-342
• /
• 1998

Plasma process has great possibilities to remove SOx, NOx simultaneously with high treatment efficiency and is expected to be suitable for small or middle plants. It was accomplished to evaluate SO2, NOx control possibility and achieve basic data to control pollutants by use of Surface Discharge Induced Plasma Chemical Process (SPCP) in this study. O3 generation characteristics by discharge of a plate was proportional to O2 concentration and power consumption and inversely proportional to temperature and humidity, In case of dry air, NOx was highly generated by N2 and O2 in air during the plasma discharge process but it was decreased considerably as H2O was added. SO2 removal efficiency was very high, and removal rate was 170,350 mEA at 30,50 watt respectively in flue gas which is usually contain HIO. NOx removal efficiency was about 57% at 40 watt power consumption with 7.5% humidity. It is estimated that H2O has an important role in reaction mechanism with pollutants according to plasma discharge.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.394-396
• /
• 2008

주요 온실가스인 이산화탄소를 회수 및 저장(Carbon Capture and Storage)하는 기술은 주로 적은 $CO_2$농도를 가지는 연소후 포집공정이 개발 및 적용되었으나, 최근에는 보다 적극적으로 이산화탄소를 분리하기 위하여 연소전 석탄가스화복합발전(IGCC)과 같은 공정에 적용하여 반응공정 중에 생성되는 높은 농도의 $CO_2$를 분리하는 공정이 선진국을 중심으로 활발히 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고압의 연소전 조건에서 아민계보다 흡수속도는 느리나 생성가스에 유입되는 $O_2$, SOx, NOx에 의한 부반응 현상, 휘발에 의한 손실, 열적 열화현상이 나타나지 않는 알칼리염계 흡수제의 $CO_2$ 흡수특성에 대하여 연구하였다.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.59-86
• /
• 2013

We analyzed the correlation among the GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emission, energy consumption and economic growth for the 6 specific regions in Korea by using Panel approaches with the test of the EKC hypothesis. We also analyzed the effects of environmental regulation on GHG and economic growth. The results show that by testing of the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) hypothesis model,the effects of the environmental regulation and the structure of industries on GHC emission have a significant result on the regional analysis for SOx. For the NOx and TSP, only TK region passed the turning point of the EKC among the 6 specific regions. And, for the Co, the Central, Honam and the PUKN region passed the turning point of the EKC. This is because GHG emissions by the environment regulation had a weak path effect and also regional industry structures had a weak relation with regional GHG emissions.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2020

In this study, the inlet duct and guide vane of the gas floating absorption tower were redesigned to improve the desulfurization efficiency so that the exhaust gas can be uniformly introduced into the absorption tower. In order to reduce the sulfur oxide pollutants among the main sources of air pollutants in industrial boilers, the existing equipment is redesigned and solved. For this purpose, change the exhaust gas, the slurry and recycling the adsorbent to improve the removal efficiency of SOx component in the exhaust gas inside the gas floating absorption tower so as to uniformly contact. And the initial design value and CFD value for the pressure loss from the boiler outlet to the gas floating absorption tower outlet are verified. Also, the velocity distribution of the exhaust gas, the concentration distribution of the recycled adsorbent, the liquid slurry behavior, and the pressure loss were compared. The results confirmed that the desulfurization efficiency was improved because the pressure loss from the boiler outlet to the absorption tower outlet was reduced and the deflection of the exhaust gas was minimized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2022

Exhaust gases emitted from internal combustion engines contain nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx), which are major air pollutants causing acid rain, respiratory diseases, and photochemical smog. As a countermeasure, scrubber systems are being studied extensively. In this study, the pressure drop characteristics were analyzed by changing the exhaust gas inflow velocity using a scrubber for a 700 kW engine as a model. In addition, the fluid flow inside the scrubber and the behavioral characteristics of the droplets were studied using CFD, and the design compatibility of the cleaning device was verified. Flow analysis was performed using inertial and viscous resistances by applying porous media to the complex shape of the scrubber. The speed of the exhaust passing through the outlet nozzle from the inlet was determined through the droplet behavior analysis by spraying, and the flow characteristics for the pressure drop were studied. In addition, it was confirmed through computational analysis whether there was a stagnation section in the exhaust gas flow in the scrubber or the sprayed droplets were in good contact with the exhaust gas.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2009

We conclude the following with air pollution data measured from city measurement net administered and managed in Gwangju for the last 7 years from January in 2001 to December in 2007. In addition, some major statistics governed by Gwangju city and data administered by Gwangju as national official statistics obtained by estimating the amount of national air pollutant emission from National Institute of Environmental Research were used. The results are as follows ; 1. The distribution by main managements of air emission factory is the following ; Gwangju City Hall(67.8%) > Gwangsan District Office(13.6%) > Buk District Office(9.8%) > Seo District Office(5.5%) > Nam District Office(3.0%) > Dong District Office(0.3%) and the distribution by districts of air emission factory ; Buk District(32.8%) > Gwangsan District(22.4%) > Seo District(21.8%) > Nam District(14.9%) > Dong District(8.1%). That by types(Year 2004~2007 average) is also following ; Type 5(45.2%) > Type 4(40.7%) > Type 3(8.6%) > Type 2(3.2%) > Type 1(2.2%) and the most of them are small size of factory, Type 4 and 5. 2. The distribution by districts of the number of car registrations is the following ; Buk District(32.8%) > Gwangsan District(22.4%) > Seo District(21.8%) > Nam District(14.9%) > Dong District(8.1%) and the distribution by use of car fuel in 2001 ; Gasoline(56.3%) > Diesel(30.3%) > LPG(13.4%) > etc.(0.2%). In 2007, there was no ranking change ; Gasoline(47.8%) > Diesel(35.6%) > LPG(16.2%) >etc.(0.4%). The number of gasoline cars increased slightly, but that of diesel and LPG cars increased remarkably. 3. The distribution by items of the amount of air pollutant emission in Gwangju is the following; CO(36.7%) > NOx(32.7%) > VOC(26.7%) > SOx(2.3%) > PM-10(1.5%). The amount of CO and NOx, which are generally generated from cars, is very large percentage among them. 4. The distribution by mean of air pollutant emission(SOx, NOx, CO, VOC, PM-10) of each county for 5 years(2001~2005) is the following ; Buk District(31.0%) > Gwangsan District(28.2%) > Seo District(20.4%) > Nam District(12.5%) > Dong District(7.9%). The amount of air pollutant emission in Buk District, which has the most population, car registrations, and air pollutant emission businesses, was the highest. On the other hand, that of air pollutant emission in Dong District, which has the least population, car registrations, and air pollutant emission businesses, was the least. 5. The average rates of SOx for 5 years(2001~2005) in Gwangju is the following ; Non industrial combustion(59.5%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(20.4%) > Road transportation(11.4%) > Non-road transportation(3.8%) > Waste disposal(3.7%) > Production process(1.1%). And the distribution of average amount of SOx emission of each county is shown as Gwangsan District(33.3%) > Buk District(28.0%) > Seo District(19.3%) > Nam District(10.2%) > Dong District(9.1%). 6. The distribution of the amount of NOx emission in Gwangju is shown as Road transportation(59.1%) > Non-road transportation(18.9%) > Non industrial combustion(13.3%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(6.9%) > Waste disposal(1.6%) > Production process(0.1%). And the distribution of the amount of NOx emission from each county is the following ; Buk District(30.7%) > Gwangsan District(28.8%) > Seo District(20.5%) > Nam District(12.2%) > Dong District(7.8%). 7. The distribution of the amount of carbon monoxide emission in Gwangju is shown as Road transportation(82.0%) > Non industrial combustion(10.6%) > Non-road transportation(5.4%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(1.7%) > Waste disposal(0.3%). And the distribution of the amount of carbon monoxide emission from each county is the following ; Buk District(33.0%) > Seo District(22.3%) > Gwangsan District(21.3%) > Nam District(14.3%) > Dong District(9.1%). 8. The distribution of the amount of Volatile Organic Compound emission in Gwangju is shown as Solvent utilization(69.5%) > Road transportation(19.8%) > Energy storage & transport(4.4%) > Non-road transportation(2.8%) > Waste disposal(2.4%) > Non industrial combustion(0.5%) > Production process(0.4%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(0.3%). And the distribution of the amount of Volatile Organic Compound emission from each county is the following ; Gwangsan District(36.8%) > Buk District(28.7%) > Seo District(17.8%) > Nam District(10.4%) > Dong District(6.3%). 9. The distribution of the amount of minute dust emission in Gwangju is shown as Road transportation(76.7%) > Non-road transportation(16.3%) > Non industrial combustion(6.1%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(0.7%) > Waste disposal(0.2%) > Production process(0.1%). And the distribution of the amount of minute dust emission from each county is the following ; Buk District(32.8%) > Gwangsan District(26.0%) > Seo District(19.5%) > Nam District(13.2%) > Dong District(8.5%). 10. According to the major source of emission of each items, that of oxides of sulfur is Non industrial combustion, heating of residence, business and agriculture and stockbreeding. And that of NOx, carbon monoxide, minute dust is Road transportation, emission of cars and two-wheeled vehicles. Also, that of VOC is Solvent utilization emission facilities due to Solvent utilization. 11. The concentration of sulfurous acid gas has been 0.004ppm since 2001 and there has not been no concentration change year by year. It is considered that the use of sulfurous acid gas is now reaching to the stabilization stage. This is found by the facts that the use of fuel is steadily changing from solid or liquid fuel to low sulfur liquid fuel containing very little amount of sulfur element or gas, so that nearly no change in concentration has been shown regularly. 12. Concerning changes of the concentration of throughout time, the concentration of NO has been shown relatively higher than that of $NO_2$ between 6AM~1PM and the concentration of $NO_2$ higher during the other time. The concentration of NOx(NO, $NO_2$) has been relatively high during weekday evenings. This result shows that there is correlation between the concentration of NOx and car traffics as we can see the Road transportation which accounts for 59.1% among the amount of NOx emission. 13. 49.1~61.2% of PM-10 shows PM-2.5 concerning the relationship between PM-10 and PM-2.5 and PM-2.5 among dust accounts for 45.4%~44.5% of PM-10 during March and April which is the lowest rates. This proves that particles of yellow sand that are bigger than the size $2.5\;{\mu}m$ are sent more than those that are smaller from China. This result shows that particles smaller than $2.5\;{\mu}m$ among dust exist much during July~August and December~January and 76.7% of minute dust is proved to be road transportation in Gwangju.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2009

In this study, the behaviour of $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ adsorption on aminated ultrafine fibrous PP-g-AAc ion exchanger was investigated, The amount of adsorbed $SO_2$ increased with increasing the initial concentration of $SO_2$. The adsorption breakthrough time in the low concentration of $SO_2$ was faster than high concentration. The adsorption breakthrough occurred within 60 min. Approximately 80% of $SO_2$ was adsorbed below 100 ppm $SO_2$ and 90% of $SO_2$ over 100 ppm $SO_2$ respectively. The selective adsorption rate for $NO_2$ was lower than that of $SO_2$. The adsorption rate for $SO_2$ was decreased with increasing flow rate and that of $NO_2$ was 60%. The breakthrough occurred within 60 min. The adsorption rate for $SO_2$ was 92% in the 250 mL/g water content. Isotherm adsorption model for $SO_2$ was close to the Langmuir rather than Freundlich model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.170-172
• /
• 2002

현재 대기 조성의 변화는 과거(산업혁명 전)와는 달리 온실기체 증가(increasing the Green House Gas, CH$_4$, $CO_2$, $N_2$O) 및 기타 대기오염물질들(NOx, SOx, $O_3$등)의 조성증가로 인해 직.간접적으로 인간의 활동 및 건강에 영향을 끼치고 있다. 온실기체를 예를 들어, $CO_2$의 경우, 산업혁명 전과 비교하여 약 30%정도 증가하였으며, CH$_4$, $N_2$O는 각각 145%, 15%증가하였다(A.R Mosier 1998). (중략)