• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

This study was carried out to provide the basic information for effective preservation and management of forest community of Nari basin in Ulleung Island. Forest community in Nari basin was classified into Fagus engleriana community, Sorbus amurensis community, Pinus densiflora community, Celtis jessoensis community and Alnus maximowiczii community. As the result of DCCA ordination analysis, sea level among environmental factors had high correlation with community distribution. Fagus engleriana community and Sorbus amurensis community correlated highly with aspect, Na content, and C/N ratio. There was a high correlation between Celtis jessoensis community and the content of Ca and K. Alnus maximowiczii community was distributed in site where CEC content is high. Pinus densiflora community was distributed in site where the content of Ca and CEC is high.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.147-151
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• 2008

In Southern Sea of Korea, there are upwelling area where artificial seamount were built and the environment variations (temperature, salinity, nutrient and current) of before and after built seamount were observed between 2002 and 2007. In 2002, before the seamount was built, there had stratification at 20-30m. And in 2007, seamount was built, stratification of the seamount at the front and back of it were changed by 10-40 m and 20-30 m, respectively. To know the reason of this results, we used temperature and salinity using Brunt-Vaisala Frequency and horizontal current using vertical shear and relative vorticity. They showed upwelling was mainly reason that changed the ocean environment.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2010

We developed a precise terrain correction program using triangular element method (TEM) for microgravity data processing. TEM calculates gravity attraction of arbitrary polyhedra whose surface is patched by triangles. We showed that TEM can calculate more precise terrain effect than conventional rectangular prism method. We tested the accuracy of TEM on the cone model which has analytic solution. Also, we tested the accuracy of TEM on the slope model, this results showed that there are big differences calculated by TEM and rectangular prsim method (RPM) on slope model. The developed terrain correction program was applied on the gravity data on the southern area near sea shore of Korean peninsula, calculated terrain effect very precisely.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2006

Here we report a previously unrecorded species of Korean Allium (Alliaceae) from Geomundo, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do. This taxon, A. pseudojaponicum Makino which has been known to distribute only in the southern part of Japan up to date, is easily distinguished from A. thunbergii G. don by lustrous evergreen leaves and lateral scapes as well as chromosome number (2n=32). The common name, 'Gaet-bu-chu', was newly given considering the property of habitat, which is the dry and rocky grasslands facing to the sea in Korea and Japan. In this study, we redescribe morphological characters, and provide illustrations of habit as well as photographs of habitat.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.259-276
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• 2001

Mt. Seoun(574 meters above sea level) is located in the southern part of An-sung city, Korea, within 36$^{\circ}$54'~36$^{\circ}$50'N, 127$^{\circ}$16'~127$^{\circ}$19'E. Field surveys were carried out nine times from March to October, 2000. Main results obtained from this study were as follows. The flora of vascular plants investigated in this survey was 439 taxa belonging to 90 families, 268 genera, 383 species, 49 varieties, 5 forma, 2 hybrid. As a result of this study, rare and endangered(Tricyrtis dilatata Nakai, Gastrodia elata Bl., Saururus chinenses Baill., Viola albida Palibin.) and many endemic species(Athyrium acatipinnulum Kodama., Tricyrtis dilatate Nakai, Paulownia coreana Uyeki., Salix hallaisanensis Lev., Asperula Iasiantha Nakai, Weigela subsessilis L.H. Bailey, Melamdryum seoulense Nakai, Clematis trichotoma Nakai, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora Nakai, Syringa dilatata Nakai, Chloranthus japonicus var. koreanus Sieb, Scutellaria insignis Nakai) of Korea were distributed in this area. Also the naturalized plants which were appeared in this area were 24 taxa(5.5 %). Among the plant resources, there are 239 taxa of edible plants(54.4%), 270 taxa of medicinal plants(61.5%), 217 taxa of ornamental plants(49.4%), 46 taxa of timber plants(10.5%) and 56 taxa of pasture plants(12.8%).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2019

Seasonal fluctuation in abundance and species composition of fish in coastal waters off Dolsan island were investigated using seasonal samples collected by an otter trawl in 2012. A total of 4,848 fishes were sampled and classified into 52 species, 29 families, and 7 orders. The dominant species was Leiognathus nuchalis (2,786 individuals, 57.5%), Amblychaeturichthys hexanema (164 individuals, 3.4%), and Ilisha elongata (141 individuals, 2.9%). The highest number of individuals was found in summer (2,174 individuals), while the lowest number of individuals was found in winter (321 individuals). The diversity index was the highest in spring (H'=3.06) and the lowest in summer and fall (H'=1.77). Temperature was the principal factor to determine the collected number of individuals (r=0.94) and the number of species (r=0.83).

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.119-145
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• 2018

Celebrating its $50^{th}$ anniversary in 2017, the leaders of ASEAN member sates have adopted a series of declarations and action plans for enhancing its institutional capability and functional cooperation. ASEAN's convening power is expected to underpin its centrality and resilience. Meanwhile, ASEAN's retreat from democracy has increasingly become a hindrance for its further development. This article reviews the process of ASEAN's community building and its external relations. First, it argues that there is increasing concerns over ASEAN's limited capability in dealing with regional issues mainly caused by the deprivation of human rights and the democracy in crisis. Second, this article considers the dynamics of ASEAN's external relations mainly focusing on its relations with China, the United States, and South Korea. The South China Sea issue and China's increasing economic influence in the region have contributed to the complexity of ASEAN-China relations. The ASEAN's responses to the shift in American foreign policy under the Trump administration posits the unity of ASEAN. The New Southern Policy initiated by South Korean President, Moon Jae-in appears to be a new focal point of Korea-ASEAN relations despite considerable challenges, which requires to maintain ASEAN centrality.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.171-179
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• 2021

To better understand the ecological functioning of the coastal ecosystem in Gamak Bay on the southern coast of Korea, seasonal changes in the density, biomass, and secondary production of the copepod community were investigated. Environmental measurements (temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a) and copepod sampling were performed seasonally from January to December 2006. The mean density of copepods (excluding nauplii) varied from 949 to 5,999 ind · m^-3; copepod density was at its highest from March to July. The copepod community comprised 32 taxa, including Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida. The predominant species were Paracalanus parvus s. l., Acartia omorii, Eurytemora pacifica, Oithona similis, A. erythraea, Centropages abdominalis, Pseudodiaptomus marinus, and Calanus sinicus. There were significant spatial and seasonal variations in copepod total biomass, which ranged from 0.33 to 43.10 mg C m^-3. Mean secondary production of the copepods in Gamak Bay, estimated as 2.05 ± 1.63 mg C m^-3 d^-1 using the Huntley and Lopez growth model, was over 2 times higher than the value given by application of the Hirst and Bunker model (1.09 ± 0.85 mg C m^-3 d^-1). The daily production rate to biomass (P/B) ratio varied between 0.08 and 0.86 d^-1 (Huntley and Lopez model), and 0.18 and 0.33 d^-1 (Hirst and Bunker model). Our results emphasize the ecological significance of using models to estimate the secondary production of copepods and provides the first report of copepod production in Gamak Bay.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.621-628
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• 2021

The characteristics of time changes in air temperature, DI (discomfort index) and WBGT (wet-bulb globe temperature) were investigated for inland city (daegu) and coastal city (pohang) of Gyeongbuk Province during the 2018 consecutive heat wave season. The time when the temperature dropped below 33℃ was around 19h in both regions. As such, the two regions were similar with respect to the time up to which the heatwave warning levels continued. However, the discomfort index (DI) was higher than 27 in Pohang. Most people feel unpleasant when an discomfort index of 27 or higher appears. The results indicated that Korea's night-time thermal environment during the summers is particularly poor in the southern coastal areas. WBGT began at 09:00 and lasted until 21:00, with a score of 31 or higher; this score, in principle, corresponded with the duration of outdoor activity in both regions. Therefore, it was found that outdoor work was at a level where all day long had to be stopped in both areas during the heat wave. Although time changes in temperature and WBGT were similar in both regions, Discomfort Index (DI) differed significantly. The difference refers to the fact that Pohang is strongly affected by the high heat capacity effect and the supply of water vapor from the sea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.598-611
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the range of influence of aquaculture activities in fish cage farms located on the southern coast of Korea (Farm A and B in Hadong, Farm C in Tongyoung, and Farm D in Geoje) by analyzing the distribution and characteristics of polychaete communities. Farm A and B showed remarkably high aquaculture intensity, and as a result, the polychaete communities near the farms were heavily polluted. However, there was a difference in the polychaete communities at a distance greater than 30 m from farm A and B, which may be due to topographical differences. The effect of the aquaculture activity of Farm C was only observed below the farm, however, the influence of aquaculture activities Farm D was maintained over a relatively long distance. According to the results of this study, the effect of the fish cage culture was mainly influenced by factors related to the production of fish, such as the stocking amount and the amount of food supply. Moreover, the distance at which the influence of aquaculture activity was observed was found to be closely related to the topographical characteristics and flow velocity around the farms.