• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.12A no.5 s.95
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• pp.385-390
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• 2005

Set constraints logic language is a language that adopts `set theory` in programming. In this paper, we introduce the procedure for solving set constraints proposed by A. Dovier and show how the procedure can be implemented in logic language Prolog. The procedure is represented in `rewriting rules` and this representation is characterized by having nondeterministic rule applicationsand mathematical variables that is difficult to be implemented in general programming languages. In this paper, we show that the representation can be easily implemented by using nondeterministic control, logical variables and data structure `list` provided in Prolog. Our implementation has following advantages.First we have implemented the full features of the language. Second we have described the implementation detail in thisresearch. Third other used the commercial Prolog called SICStus, but we are using CIAO Prolog with GNU GPL(General Public License) and anyone can use it freely. Forth the software of our implementation is open source so anyone can use, modify, and distribute it freely.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.369-386
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• 2001

This paper will show that traditional approaches to the derivation of different negative words have been of an essentially hypothetical nature, based on either linguists' intuitions or rather scant evidence, and that native-speaker dictionary entries show meaning potentials (rather than meanings) which are in fact linguistic and cognitive prototypes. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that using a large corpus of natural language can provide better answers to questions about word-formation (i.e., with particular reference to negative prefixation) than any other source of information.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.31-55
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• 2007

R is an open source language for statistical computing and graphics based on the ACM software award-winning S language. R is widely used for data analysis and has become a major vehicle for making available new statistical methodology. This paper presents an overview of the design philosophy and the development model for R, reviews the basic capabilities of the system, and outlines some current projects that will influence future developments of R.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2001

One of the areas of second language acquisition that enjoyed popularity in recent years is interlanguage pragmatics. The main reason for this popularity lies in the critical role of pragmatic competence in appropriate use of a target language. The aim of this paper was to examine L2 learners' pragmatic behavior in their speech act performance and determine main sources causing pragmatic difficulty. Four major sources of pragmatic errors were identified: linguistic proficiency, L1 transfer, waffling and teaching activities. Each source was discussed with empirical evidence in some detail, and teaching suggestions were provided for developing learners' pragmatic competence in EFL classrooms.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2016

In the field of natural language processing, Universal Networking Language (UNL) has been used by various researchers as an inter-lingual approach to automatic machine translation. The UNL system consists of two main components, namely, EnConverter for converting text from a source language to UNL, and DeConverter for converting from UNL to a target language. Currently, many projects are researching how to apply UNL to different languages. In this paper, we introduce the tools that are UNL's applications and discuss how to reuse them to encode a Vietnamese sentence into UNL expressions and decode UNL expressions into a Vietnamese sentence. The testing was done with about 1,000 Vietnamese sentences (a dictionary that includes 4573 entries and 3161 rules). In addition, we compare the proportion of sentences translated based on a direct method (Google Translator) and another one based on UNL.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.121-137
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• 2005

The present study aims to examine how the roles of teacher and learners affect the repair patterns of both teacher's and learner's utterances in English as a second language (ESL) classroom discourse. The study analyzed beginning ESL classroom discourse and found that the structure of repair seems to be greatly influenced by the roles of participants in a second language classroom. The teacher's repair work was mainly characterized by self-repair. In contrast, learners' repair sequences were predominantly characterized by other-repair. More specifically, self-initiation by the learner of the trouble source was cooperatively completed by the teacher and the other learners. Other-initiated and other-completed repair was the most prevalent form in the current classroom data, which was carried out by the teacher in both modulated and unmodulated manners. When the trouble sources were mostly concerned with the learners' problems with linguistic competence and information presented in the textbook, other-repair took place in a modulated manner (i.e., recasting and prompting). On the other hand, when dealing with learners' errors with factual knowledge, other-repair was conducted in an unmodulated way (i.e., 'no' plus correction).

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.155-159
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• 2018

최근 화두가 되고있는 지능형 개인 비서 시스템에서 자연어 이해(NLU) 시스템은 중요한 구성요소이다. 자연어 이해 시스템은 사용자의 발화로부터 대화의 도메인(domain), 의도(intent), 의미적 슬롯(semantic slot)을 분류하는 역할을 한다. 하지만 자연어 이해 시스템을 학습하기 위해서는 많은 양의 라벨링 된 데이터를 필요로 하며 새로운 도메인으로 시스템을 확장할 때, 새롭게 데이터 라벨링을 진행해야 하는 한계점이 존재한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구는 적대 학습 방법을 이용하여 풍부한 양으로 구성된 기존(source) 도메인의 데이터부터 적은 양으로 라벨링 된 데이터로 구성된 대상(target) 도메인을 위한 슬롯 채우기(slot filling) 모델 학습 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과 적대 학습을 적용할 경우, 적대 학습을 적용하지 않은 경우 보다 높은 f-1 score를 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.291-320
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• 2010

The Bible has been and still is one of the most influential books ever published. The English Bible has a great impact on English language, literature, and culture. Therefore, knowledge of the Bible is essential in learning English language, its literature, culture and tradition. Biblical allusions are found in great literature and the daily newspapers as well. Rock musicians, screenwriters, television producers, and advertisers use the Bible as a source. Politicians use the words and accounts of the Bible to frame their debates. The Bible has continued to be philosophically, ethically, religiously, and politically influential in Western, Eastern, now World cultures. Therefore, not to know it means not to understand a great portion of world culture. This study examines the influence of the first book of the Bible, Genesis, in English language, literature, and culture. Furthermore, this study suggests why we should incorporate the English Bible in English education.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.149-170
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• 2014

The Vietnamese language has a specific property related to the zero in the name-number system. This study was conducted to examine the impact of linguistic differences and of the zero's position in a number on a transcoding task (verbal number into Arabic number). Vietnamese children and French-speaking Belgian children, from grades 3 to 6, participated in the study. The success rate and the type of errors they made varied, depending on their grade and language. At Grade 4, Vietnamese children showed performances equivalent to Grade 6 Belgian children. Our results confirmed the support provided by language to the understanding and performances in a transcoding task. Results also showed that a syntactic zero is easier to manipulate than a lexical zero for Vietnamese children. The relative influence of language and the source of errors are discussed.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 2013

On the basis of two premises and embodied cognition theory, the vibration tactile learning is proposed as an effective method for foreign language learning. The premises are: the real nature of language is sound and the source of sound is vibration. According to embodied cognition theory, cognition is inherently connected to bodily sensation rather than metaphysical and independent. As a result, the vibration tactile learning is: people are able to learn foreign language better by listening to sound and experiencing its vibration through touch rather than solely listening to sound. The effectiveness of vibration tactile learning is tested with two instructional media theories: media comparison and media attribute. For the comparison, an experiment is conducted with control and experimental groups. The attributes of vibration tactile media are investigated in points of relationships with the learning process. The experiment results indicate a small effect on the increased mean score. Three kinds of relationships are found between the media attribute and learning process: enforced stimulus, facilitated pronunciation, and assimilation of resonance to sound patterns through touch. Finally, this paper proposes a new theoretical development for instructional media research: an embodied cognition based media research and development.