• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.253-257
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• 2014

Arsenic is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring metalloid that may be a significant risk factor for cancer after exposure to contaminated drinking water, cigarettes, foods, industry, occupational environment, and air. Among the various routes of arsenic exposure, drinking water is the largest source of arsenic poisoning worldwide. Arsenic exposure from ingested foods usually comes from food crops grown in arsenic-contaminated soil and/or irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water. According to a recent World Health Organization report, arsenic from contaminated water can be quickly and easily absorbed and depending on its metabolic form, may adversely affect human health. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration regulations for metals found in cosmetics to protect consumers against contaminations deemed deleterious to health; some cosmetics were found to contain a variety of chemicals including heavy metals, which are sometimes used as preservatives. Moreover, developing countries tend to have a growing number of industrial factories that unfortunately, harm the environment, especially in cities where industrial and vehicle emissions, as well as household activities, cause serious air pollution. Air is also an important source of arsenic exposure in areas with industrial activity. The presence of arsenic in airborne particulate matter is considered a risk for certain diseases. Taken together, various potential pathways of arsenic exposure seem to affect humans adversely, and future efforts to reduce arsenic exposure caused by environmental factors should be made.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2008

Objective: This study explored the reuse of data captured into an electronic nursing record system using the International Classification for Nursing Practice to support nursing research of inpatient's falls. Methods: Risk factors relevant to inpatients falls ;n an acute setting were identified from the literature review. Four risk assessment tools and two risk identification studies were selected. To examine the availability of coded data in an electronic nursing record system for the identified fall fisk factors, we reviewed 11.319 hospital-day records of 118 patients who were reported by the self-report system. Results: We identified 24 fall risk factors of five categories from the literature review, which were used to identify the standard nursing statements addressing fall risks. One hundred thirty five nursing statements were searched from the hospital's nursing data dictionary of statements and were matched with 14 fall fisk factors. Using the 135 statements. we found that mental status, catheter of drip in situ, abnormal gait, insomnia, surgical procedure. and dizziness/vertigo appeared frequently in the nursing records of inpatients with fall s. Also we found 6 risk factors more through the record review. Conclusion: The electronic records would be a good research source for inpatients' falls. Specifically international classification for nursing practice based nursing record system has the potential for promoting clinical researches.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.427-431
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• 2014

Mercury is an element of special concern for human health. Measurements of total mercury levels in fish have been taken into consideration to assess risk. In this study, the Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni was evaluated as a potential safe food source through measurement of total mercury contents. Total mercury concentrations in Antarctic toothfish ranged from $0.101{\pm}0.047mg/kg$ to $0.139{\pm}0.075mg/kg$. The total mercury concentration was significantly correlated with macroscopic values including total fish length, weight, gonadosomatic index, and maturity (P < 0.01 or 0.05). Furthermore, according to the risk assessment, the total mercury body exposure rate from Antarctic toothfish ranged from 2.125% to 2.847% of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake. Therefore, the Antarctic toothfish could be used as a potential safe seafood source.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.3054-3070
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• 2023

Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) are widely utilized around the globe from different base forms as it is one of the most dependable renewable resources that technological advancements have offered. However, different perceptions of the usage of NPPs emerged from different generations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acceptance of nuclear energy as an alternative source of energy among Generation Z in the Philippines by utilizing an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) approach. An online questionnaire which consisted of 31 items was distributed using a purposive sampling approach and 450 respondents of Generation Z voluntarily answered. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that the knowledge regarding NPP had significant effects on risk perception and benefit perception which subsequently led to subjective norms. In addition, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms had significant effects on behavioral intention which led to nuclear acceptance. Interestingly, the respondents perceived the benefit of NPP as slightly higher than the perceived risk. With these, it was clear that the commissioning Nuclear Power Plant must consider as an alternative source of electric energy in the Philippines. Moreover, this study is one of the first studies that investigated the acceptance of NPP among Generation Z. Lastly, the model could be a basis to strengthen the acceptance strategy of opening NPP among Generation Z, particularly in developing countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.61-67
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• 2020

This paper examines whether the combination of risk management and audit committee functions are associated with audit report lag. Audit report lag is considered an important aspect of the financial reporting. The financial reports are the main source of information for shareholders through which they make their decisions and it assists in reducing the information asymmetry. As the internal control mechanisms substitute the external ones, the internal board committees formed by the board of directors can reduce the audit work and, consequently, reduces the audit report lag. A key committee is the risk management committee. This paper examines whether the combination of risk management and audit committee functions are associated with audit report lag. We posit that a combination of such functions in one committee refereed as audit committee affects the audit report delay. Data were obtained from 198 manufacturing companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) for the years 2016-2018. A pooled OLS regression analysis shows that a combination of risk management and audit committee functions in a stand-alone committee named "audit committee" is associated with longer audit report lag. The outcomes suggest companies should prioritize the establishment of standalone risk management committee with activities separated from those of audit committees.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 2019

One of the most effective methods to consistently ensure the safety of a tap water supply can be achieved by application of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach for drinking water supply systems. This approach can be termed water safety plans(WSP) which recommended by WHO(world health organization) and IWA(international water association). For the introduction of WSP into Korea, 150 hazards were identified all steps in drinking water supply from catchment to consumer and risk assessment tool based on frequency and consequence of hazards were developed. Then, developed risk assessment tool by this research was implemented at a water treatment plant($Q=25,000m^3/d$) to verify its applicability, and several amendments were recommended; classification of water source should be changed from groundwater to stream to strengthen water quality monitoring contaminants and frequencies; installation of aquarium to monitor intrusion of toxic substances into raw water; relocation or new installation on-line water quality analyzers for efficient water quality monitoring; change of chlorination chemical from solid phase($Ca(OCl)_2$) to liquid phase(NaOCl) to improve soundness of chlorination. It was also meaningful to propose hazards and risk assessment tool appropriate for Korea drinking water supply systems through this research which has been inconsistent among water treatment authorities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.157-167
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• 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the degree to which Small-to-Medium Enterprise (SME) owners and operators in Mountain Province were willing to take on financial risk to invest in the capital markets as a potential additional source of income, as well as the extent to which these five indicator variables-particularly their income, expenses, financial goals, liquid cash, and insurance coverage-were influenced by demographic factors. The study used a quantitative approach and employed a descriptive survey research method. The results show that the SME Owners and Operators in Mountain Province have minimal knowledge of capital market investments which makes them moderate investors with a neutral level of financial risk tolerance toward capital market investment. Their marital status, net income, and educational attainment significantly influence their financial risk tolerance level. The respondents also believe that engaging in the capital markets will grow their businesses. Further, the extent of influence of Income, Expenses, Liquid Cash, and Insurance Cover on the financial risk tolerance of the SME owners and operators in Mountain Province a great extent; thus, making them careful in investing in the capital markets, and it is primarily affected by their Net Income. Consequently, the financial goals of SME owners and operators in Mountain Province have a vital role in their financial risk tolerance level.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02b
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• pp.13-24
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• 2009

This paper introduces various kinds of applications of the scenario-based seismic risk assessment in Taiwan. Seismic scenario simulation (SSS) is a GIS-based technique to assess distribution of ground shaking intensity, soil liquefaction probability, building damages and associated casualties, interruption of lifeline systems, economic losses, etc. given source parameters of an earthquake. The SSS may integrate with rapid earthquake information release system to obtain valuable information and to assist in decision-making processes to dispatch rescue and medical resources efficiently. The SSS may also integrate with probabilistic seismic hazard analysis to evaluate various kinds of risk estimates, such as average annual loss and probable maximum loss in one event, in a probabilistic sense and to help proposing feasible countermeasures.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2010

Using data from the 2007 SCF, this study examined the use of information source for investment decisions of elderly consumers. The results indicated that many elderly consumers (about 88%) involved savings /investment decisions. The elderly used 'Experts' (39.48%) as a major information source for their investment decisions, followed by 'Friends' (24.18%). The results of the multinomial logit analysis suggested that the perceived value, the cost for search, knowledge, risk and some of the demographic factors were significantly related to the choice of the information sources for investments by elderly consumers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.357-364
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• 2012

For the resistance of the closed intellectual property license from the Free Software Movement. It's free and also can adapt have been widely used. Software for the resistance of the closed intellectual property rights have been promoted by the free software movement. Implementation of the proposed changes in the license that anyone can freely use the software and adapt open source software is widely used. The product of open source software can reduce development time and cost. Many people who use it will improve, verification and developed. However, indiscriminate use of these advantages, as well as the risk of dispute is high. This study is analyzed open source software dispute cases for piracy protection and will show duly open source software available to users by user environment.