• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2008

Nowadays, research on human-robot interaction has been getting increasing attention. In the research field of human-robot interaction, speech signal processing in particular is the source of much interest. In this paper, we report a speaker localization system with six microphones for a humanoid robot called MAHRU from KIST and propose a time delay of arrival (TDOA)-based feature matrix with its algorithm based on the minimum sum of absolute errors (MSAE) for sound source localization. The TDOA-based feature matrix is defined as a simple database matrix calculated from pairs of microphones installed on a humanoid robot. The proposed method, using the TDOA-based feature matrix and its algorithm based on MSAE, effortlessly localizes a sound source without any requirement for calculating approximate nonlinear equations. To verify the solid performance of our speaker localization system for a humanoid robot, we present various experimental results for the speech sources at all directions within 5 m distance and the height divided into three parts.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2004

This paper presents an implementation of real-time speaker localization using audio-visual information. Four channels of microphone signals are processed to detect vertical as well as horizontal speaker positions. At first short-time average magnitude difference function(AMDF) signals are used to determine whether the microphone signals are human voices or not. And then the orientation and distance information of the sound sources can be obtained through interaural time difference. Finally visual information by a camera helps get finer tuning of the angles to speaker. Experimental results of the real-time localization system show that the performance improves to 99.6% compared to the rate of 88.8% when only the audio information is used.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2017

In this work, a new type speaker which features various resonant frequencies is proposed utilizing a magneto-rheological (MR) fluid and its performance is evaluated in terms of the change of the field-dependent sound pressure level. In order to achieve this goal, a whole concept of the speaker system is firstly discussed and subsequently a controllable diaphragm is made using MR fluid whose rheological properties such as viscosity are controllable by the magnitude of magnetic field. Then, the proposed speaker system consisting of the inner structure and the squeeze mode type of MR diaphragm is established in an anechoic room The effectiveness of the proposed speaker system is experimentally evaluated at two different conditions; with and without the magnetic field. It is shown from experimental tests that the sound pressure level at different sound source can be controlled which is not able to achieve using one conventional speaker system.

• 소음진동
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.730-737
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• 1999

This paper illustrates the sound vibration phenomenon of mono type TV set produced by spearker and suggests guidelines for reducing the noise induced by the sound vibrations. In order to illustrate the sound vibration phenomenon, the structural acoustic coupled analysis for the grill and cavity of speaker and structural analysis for main frame are performed. To veify the structural analysis results, experimental modal test is carried out. It is found that the acoustic excitation in the cavity is negligible and main sound vibrations occur near the bottom of TV set. An improved model is found by doing structural modifications based on structural analysis and sound vibration tests are performed to verify the validation of the improved model. The obtained results are applied to similar models and design guide lines for noise reduction are suggested.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.603-604
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• 2010

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.317-322
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• 2004

In this paper, It was describe the processes of development of HiFi speaker system. Woofer and tweeter were fabricated by unskilled students and their 1.5 parameters were identified by known mass method. Based on T-S parameters port enclosure was designed and built by means of software. Acoustic radiation phenomena of port enclosure were simulated and compared to test result. Acoustic pressure difference between lower frequency and higher frequency was flattened by adopting optimal crossover network. Finally, built HiFi speaker system was showed good sound quality and sound pressure and electrical impedance was well agreed with test results each other.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2011

Micro speakers are used to reproduce sound in small electric and information and communications devices, such as cellular phones, PMPs, and MP3 players. The acoustical properties and sound quality, which are changed due to the decreased size of the speaker, are often adjusted varying the type and thickness of the diaphragm. The most widely used diaphragm material is thin polymer. It was previously reported by the author of this paper that the resonance frequency of a micro speaker is changed by the type and thickness of a polymer diaphragm. In this paper, the frequency response near the resonance frequency of a micro speaker was studied as functions of the type and thickness of the polymer diaphragm. While $R_{max}$ and $R_{DC}$ were affected by the type and thickness, an analysis of the electrical impedance curve revealed that $R_o(= R_{max}/R_{DC})$ and ${\Delta}f$ were not changed. Thus, $Q_{TS}$ which was function of $R_o$, ${\Delta}f$, and the resonance frequency, is only related to the resonance frequency. The increase of the resonance frequency led to a proportional rise of $Q_{TS}$. The change of the frequency response near the resonance frequency was not dependent on the type or thickness of the polymer diaphragm, but was affected by the resonance frequency.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.548-556
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 반향이 있는 환경에서 스피커 에레이를 이용하여 소리를 집중 시키는 기술을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 각 스피커에서 원하는 지점까지의 시스템 응답 함수의 에너지 합을 최대화함으로써 반향이 있는 환경에서도 원하는 지점에서의 음압을 최대화할수 있다. 기존에 제안된 광대역 빔 형성기 (Broadband beamformer)를 이용한 소리 집중 기술의 반향 환경 하에서의 문제점에 대하여 살펴본 후, 제안 방법이 갖는 장점을 서술한다. 16채널로 구성된 스피커 어레이 시스템을 이용한 실험 결과를 통해 반향이 있는 환경에서 제안 방법이 음압 집중도 측면에서 기존 방법보다 우수한 성능을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2014

일반적으로 스피커는 설계 원리, 제작 과정 등의 요인에 의하여 비선형 왜곡을 발생하게 되는데, 비선형 왜곡으로 인하여 음질이 떨어지거나 변형하게 된다. 따라서 이러한 비선형 왜곡을 보정하여 스피커를 선형화한다면 보다 향상된 양질의 소리를 청취하거나 만족도를 높일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 스피커의 비선형 왜곡을 보정하기 위해서 새로운 적응 제어기를 제안하였다. 분석적인 해석과 함께 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 기존의 적응 제어기와 제안된 적응 제어기가 모두 비선형 왜곡을 지닌 스피커 시스템을 선형화하는데 적용할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 제안된 적응 제어기가 거의 동일한 계산 양으로 기존의 적응 제어기보다 비선형 왜곡을 보정하는데 빠른 수렴속도와 우수한 성능을 가지고 있다는 사실을 확인하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2002

5.1채널 스피커 시스템을 이용하여 음향을 재현시 나타나는 현상인 크로스토크를 제거하여 청취자에게 보다 입체적인 음을 재현하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 논문에서는 크로스토크를 제거하기 위하여 자유음장 모델을 사용하였다. 이것을 구현함에 있어 주파수 영역에서 심리음향에 기초한 바크 스케일 (bark scale)을 사용한 복소이득 보상을 실시하였으며, 서라운드 채널에 관해서는 밴드패스 필터를 추가하여 주파수 제한적인 음질 보상을 실시하였다. 정면 채널과 서라운드채널의 음원을 제작하여 기존의 2채널 및 5.1 시스템에서 제시하는 음원과 비교하여 객관적인 음질 평가 및 청취자를 대상으로 한 주관 평가를 실시하였다. 제안된 방법에 따라 측정한 결과에 따르면 ±30°의 정면 스피커를 배치한 돌비 표준 스피커 배치에서 38 dB이상의 분리도를 얻었으며 확산감에 대해 전문가를 대상으로 한 주관 평가는 5점 평가를 기준으로 0.4점이 향상되었다.