• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2004

Basic properties of artificial lightweight aggregate by using waste dusts and strength properties of LWA concrete were studied. Bulk specific gravity and water absorption of artificial lightweight aggregates varied from 1.4 to 1.7 and 13 to 16%, respectively. Crushing ratio of artificial lightweight aggregate was above 10% higher than that of crushed stone or gravel. As a result of TCLP leaching test, the leaching amount of tested heavy metal element was below the leaching standard of hazardous material. Slump, compressive strength and stress-strain properties of LWA concrete made of artificial lightweight aggregate were tested. Concrete samples derived from LWA substitution ratio of 30 vol% and W/C ratio of 45 wt% showed the best properties overall. Thermal insulation and sound insulation characteristics of light weight concrete panel with the optimum concrete proportion were tested. Average overall heat transmission of 3.293W/㎡$^{\circ}C$ was observed. It was higher by about 15% than those of normal concrete made by crushed stone. Sound transmission loss of 50.9 ㏈ in frequency of 500 ㎐ was observed. It was higher by about 13% than standard transmission loss.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

Sonic branding is defined as creation and management of brand value by using sounds. Among various methods of sonic branding, sonic logo, i.e., brand’s acoustic identification element, is the most widely used form and usually combined with visual logo. Although sonic branding has become an increasingly important tool for marketers, little academic research has been done on this topic. The current study investigates neural responses to sonic branding using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Brain activity of 15 right-handed participants was monitored with 3T MRI machine, while they viewed sequentially presented pictures of brand logos (20 visual logos usually accompanied by sonic logos and 20 visual logos unaccompanied by sonic logos) without sound. Results showed that brain areas known to be associated with auditory imagery (including superior temporal gyrus, STG), showed greater activation for the visual logos usually accompanied by sonic logos compared to visual logos unaccompanied by sonic logos, although actual sound was not presented during scanning. The degree of familiarity participants have with the brand and its advertisements was correlated positively with signal strength in these areas.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2021

In bistatic sonar operation, the scattering strength of a sonar target is characterized by the probe signal frequency, the aspect angle and the bistatic angle. Therefore, the target detection and identification performance of the bistatic sonar may vary depending on how the positions of the target, sound source, and receiver are changed during sonar operation. In this study, it was evaluated which variable is advantageous to change by comparing the target identification performance between the case of changing the aspect angle and the case of changing the bistatic angle during the operation. A scenario of identifying a hollow sphere and a cylinder was assumed, and performance was compared by classifying two targets with a support vector machine and comparing their accuracy using a finite element method-based acoustic scattering simulation. As a result of comparison, using the scattering strength defined by the frequency and the bistatic angle with the aspect angle fixed showed superior average classification accuracy. It means that moving the receiver to change the bistatic angle is more effective than moving the sound source to change the aspect angle for target identification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to consider practical examples of the method of utilizing plant material 'lotus' used by the ancients, and the value and meaning they wanted to get from it. The method of this study to do this is descriptive study to consider and interpret poem and painting reflecting impression and concept world of lotus. Summary of this study is as follows. First, ornamental value of lotus could be divided in effect of group plant and detail value held by the flower, the leaves and the stem. Especially, group plant lotus in large site provides unique landscape differentiated form other flowering plants. As well, another feature of lotus is its high ornamental value spread in detail elements including the flower, the leaves, the stem and the lotus seed. Second, fragrance expressed 'Hyang-won-ik-cheong(香遠益淸)' is an important charm of lotus. Lotus was utilized as olfactory element providing fragrance. The ancients considered lotus fragrance not only for enjoy but as symbolic object comparing noble man's dignity so that they expressed it in poem and painting. Third, lotus was utilized as acoustical element. That is, the sound of raindrops harmonizing the surface of water and wide lotus leaves was called 'hearing lotus fond and rain', enjoying it as classic grace. Fourth, summer play lotus sightseeing was called mind wash up meaning 'washing the mind polluted by the mundane world'. Such poetic taste was widely enjoyed by various classes from general public to royal family. Besides, poetic taste related with lotus is the method of drinking alcohol using the feature of big lotus leave and vacant stem, called 'Beog-tong-ju(碧筒酒)'. And in the Joseon dynasty period, when the distinction between the man and the woman influenced by Confucian, lotus seed and 'lotus collecting song' was important sign to express romance between man and woman. Lotus has been enamored by wide classes transcending cultural background as thought and religion since ancient times. Due to such reasons, various symbolic meaning of lotus and planting examples related to religious facilities as temples could not be considered in various manner is limitation of this study, and which is research project for the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.160-164
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• 2007

In the steel industry, there is a need to produce large forged parts for the automobile industries, the flight and shipping industries ad military industries. In the steel-industry application, a cogging technique for cast ingots is required, because the major parts are needed as one large body in order to obtain higher quality. Therefore, cogging process is the primary step in manufacturing of practically large open-die forging. In the cogging process, internal voids have to be eliminated as defects, The present work is concerned with the elimination of the internal voids in large ingots so as obtain sound products. In this study, hot compression tests were carried out to obtain the flow stress of cast microstructure at different temperature and strain rates. The FEM analysis are performed to investigate the overlap defect of cast ingots during cogging stage. The measure flow stress data were used to simulate the cogging process of cast ingot using the practical material properties. Also the analysis of void closure are performed by using the $DEFORM^{TM}$-3D. The calculated results of void closure behavior are compared with the measured results before and after cogging, which are scanned by the X-ray scanner. From this result, the criteria for deformation amounts effect on the void closure can be investigated by the comparison of practical experiment and numerical analysis.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.576-584
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• 2020

In order to obtain basic information for using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel as a tissue mimicking phantom for temperature visualization, the temperature change characteristics due to the focused ultrasound were examined for different concentration of PVA. To obtain the basic acoustic characteristics, the speed of sound, the attenuation coefficient, and the density depending on the PVA concentration were measured, and the thermodynamic characteristics, such as thermal conductivity and heat capacity, were measured. The range of temperature rising in the vicinity of the focal point due to the focused ultrasound was observed using a thermochromic film that changes color at 30 degree or more, and the discolored area was obtained by image processing of the recorded image. As the concentration of PVA increases in the given range of 2 wt% ~ 16 wt%, the area that rises above 30 degree inside the gel increases linearly. It is confirmed that the discolored area increases as the power applied to the focused ultrasonic transducer increases. These results showed good agreement with the simulation results using the finite element method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2001

Since the beginning of the 90's, Fashion shows appear to be a type of performance form of art combining with other areas to visually entertain the viewers. This can be explained by the modern tendency to escape from society which requires formality and complicated lifestyles. Fashion shows take place in a scene Influenced by the idea of post-modernism which redefines the definition of space. A church, old factory, unoccupied ground, subway stations, or even place like a waste disposal are used as a setting. The stage set is no longer the T shape run way and the procinium arch has disappeared. The gap between audience and stage has diminished and theatrical element is added to the fashion performance by using viewers living and working environments as setting of the show. The human relation with machine based on the cutting edge technology such as the stage automation, robots and mist making sprinkler system introduces new elements with spontaneity and detailed planning in the stage performance. Music also plays an Important role in attracting viewers. The sound track covers house music to techno music. Instead of music being abstract, folks orchestral music, choirs, piano. even live concert performed by pop artist provide the liveliness of the fashion show. And the catwalk itself is a performance. Model needs to be well trained as the capable talent who can handle sensitive gestures, facial expressions, dancing and choreography. The improvisatorial interaction between audience and model lead to audience participation. Models now range from pop star, ordinary people, handicapped people, to elderly and so on. John Galliano introduced the theatrical factors for the fashion show and Alexander Mcqueen approached the fashion show as the visual art of communication. Hussein Chalayan utilized high technology skewing futurism as if in a magic show. Today the Fashion show tends to be a total performance which includes audience participation, impromptu, and that break the limitation that fashion shows previously had. This will lead the fashion industry in opening new horizon of its own.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.428-439
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• 2011

It is well known that the sound characteristics of Korean bell depend on the shape and the alloy constituents. Development of the methods to acquire exact shape data and alloy constituents of the whole body of the bell is very important for the study and systematic management of Korean bells. The practical scanning and modeling methods to get shape data from optical triangulation laser scanners are proposed. The 3D shape data by the proposed methods can be the basis of diverse measurements such as curvature, volume, thickness and the distance between any two points. A nondestructive alloy constituents measuring method which can overcome the limitations of partial data collection and damages to Korean bells is also suggested to get the whole alloy characteristics. Following the developed methods, the data of the shapes and alloy constituents of 18 Korean bells are collected and the errors of existing measurement data for the shape have been corrected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.132-136
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• 2007

In case of indoor gymnastics training floor, in view of its characteristics, since it is simultaneously required the related smooth communication between the coach and the player, also the acoustic performance regarding to the Clearness of Music, besides the sport activity, the consideration about the acoustic character has entered the stage as an indispensable element. On such viewpoint, on the object of the recently built dome-typed gymnastics training floor, after making the optimized acoustic design with the remodeling through acoustic simulation, by means of measurement and valuation on human's psychological(sensual) degree utilizing Auralization that enables to experience the virtual sound field at the stage of design, this thesis has attempted to survey of the acoustic satisfaction degree and its reaction about the gymnastics training floor. As the result of investigation about the research on the space of object, it could be known that the valuation regarding to the acoustic performance of 'After-Improvement' was distinctly more refined than that of 'Before-Improvement'. It is now considering that such result of the study can be utilized as the useful data which enables to improve the retrenchment effect of the construction cost as well as the acoustic capability, by means of the prediction control on the acoustic problem from the stage of design, for the occasion when the similar indoor sport gymnasium is planning to build for the near future.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.361-377
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• 2018

In this paper, an alternative reliability-based methodology is developed and implemented on the safety evaluation of structures subjected to seismic loading. To effectively elaborate the approach, structures are represented by finite elements and seismic loading is applied in time domain. The accuracy of the proposed reliability-based methodology is verified using Monte Carlo Simulation. It is confirmed that the presented approach provides adequate accuracy in calculating structural reliability. The efficiency and robustness in problems related to performance-based seismic design are verified. A structure designed by experts satisfying all post-Northridge seismic design requirements is studied. Rigidities related to beam-to-column connections are incorporated. The structure is excited by three suites of ground motions representing three performance levels: immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention. Using this methodology, it is demonstrated that only hundreds of deterministic finite element analyses are required for extracting reliability information. Several advantages are documented with respect to Monte Carlo Simulation. To showcase an applicability extension of the proposed reliability-based methodology, structural risk is calculated using simulated ground motions generated via the broadband platform developed by the Southern California Earthquake Center. It is validated the accuracy of the broadband platform in terms of structural reliability. Based on the results documented in this paper, a very solid, sound, and precise reliability-based methodology is proved to be acceptable for safety evaluation of structures excited by seismic loading.