• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2001

Many workers in the garlic peeling factory are separating the sound peeled garlics from the unpeeled and defective ones in a manual way. In order to reduce the seasonal labor requirement and operating cost, the mechanized garlic sorting system such as the vision-based garlic sorter should be developed. This study was conducted as one of basic studies on developing quality evaluation technique for peeled garlics, especially to developed the system for acquiring the whole surface images of garlics with a CCD camera. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. The belt-type garlic rotation system was devised to apply for the vision-based garlic sorter and was tested to decide the criteria of design and optimum conveying speed. 2. To evaluate the performance of the developed garlic rotation system, feeding rate and rotating rate were measured under the conditions of four experimental factors such as the inclined angle of rotating belt, the inclined angle of feeding belt, the height of plate arrays on feeding belt and the conveying speed of belts. And the capacity of the system according to mixture ratios of peeled garlics and unpeeled garlics was analyzed as a feasibility test. 3. For the inclined angle of rotating belt 20°and height of plate array on feeding belt 22㎜, the maximum rotating rate for garlic samples including unpeeled ones was 81.1% at the conveying speed of 4.2 garlic/sec. And under these condition, the maximum feeding rate was 85% at the inclined angle of feeding belt 6.5°. 4. The capacity of the developed garlic rotation system was almost constant regardless of mixture ratio of peeled garlics and unpeeled garlics and its range was 2.95∼3.92 garlic/sec. At the conveying speed of 4.2 garlic/sec, the capacity of the garlic rotation system was calculated ad 58∼64 kg/hr. 5. To improve performance of the garlic rotation system, it is recommended to develop a device to slide garlics into feeding belt.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.243-262
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• 2015

Optimal sensor placement (OSP) is a critical issue in construction and implementation of a sophisticated structural health monitoring (SHM) system. The uncertainties in the identified structural parameters based on the measured data may dramatically reduce the reliability of the condition evaluation results. In this paper, the information entropy, which provides an uncertainty metric for the identified structural parameters, is adopted as the performance measure for a sensor configuration, and the OSP problem is formulated as the multi-objective optimization problem of extracting the Pareto optimal sensor configurations that simultaneously minimize the appropriately defined information entropy indices. The nondirective movement glowworm swarm optimization (NMGSO) algorithm (based on the basic glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm) is proposed for identifying the effective Pareto optimal sensor configurations. The one-dimensional binary coding system is introduced to code the glowworms instead of the real vector coding method. The Hamming distance is employed to describe the divergence of different glowworms. The luciferin level of the glowworm is defined as a function of the rank value (RV) and the crowding distance (CD), which are deduced by non-dominated sorting. In addition, nondirective movement is developed to relocate the glowworms. A numerical simulation of a long-span suspension bridge is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the NMGSO algorithm. The results indicate that the NMGSO algorithm is capable of capturing the Pareto optimal sensor configurations with high accuracy and efficiency.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2016

In this paper, the optimal seismic design method for inducing the beam-hinge collapse mechanism of steel moment frames is presented. This uses the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II) as an optimal algorithm. The constraint condition for preventing the occurrence of plastic hinges at columns is used to induce the beam-hinge collapse mechanism. This method uses two objective functions to minimize the structural weight and maximize the dissipated energy. The proposed method is verified by the application to nine story steel moment frame example. The minimum column-to-beam strength ratio to induce the beam-hinge collapse mechanism are investigated based on the simulation results. To identify the influence of panel zone on the minimum column-to-beam strength ratio, three analytic modeling methods(nonlinear centerline model without rigid end offsets, nonlinear centerline model with rigid end offsets, nonlinear model with panel zones) are used.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1349-1358
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• 2014

This study suggests plan of green space management based on the result of research apprehending the characteristic through sorting types of city thermal environment targeting summer which thermal pollution is the most serious. Considering anthropogenic heat, development level of wind road, thermal environment, as a result of types of thermal environment process, it is appeared 36 types, and 10 types is relevant of this research subject. Type I-1, size of building is large, artificial covering area is wide, and thermal load of anthropogenic heat is high, type II-1, development condition of wind road is incomplete as IIlevel, entering cold air is difficult and thermal management and improvement is needed area. Type III-1, scale is large and it is area of origin of cold air, development level of wind road is mostly favorable, type III-2 is revealed as smaller scale than III-1, and small area of origin of cold air. Type IV, anthropogenic heat is $81{\sim}150W/m^2$, average, but development function of wind road is very favorable. Type V, large area of thermal load and the origin of cold air are distributed as similar ratio, and level of development function of wind road is revealed as II level. According to standard of type classification of thermal environment, as a result of suggesting plan of green space management and biotops area ratio, type I-1 is buffer green space and waterway creation, goal biotops area ratio 35%, type II-1 afforestation in site and goal biotops area ratio 40%, type III-1, preservation plan to display the current function continuously is requested. Type IV suggests afforestation of stream current, and type V suggests quantitative increase of green space and goal biotops area ratio 45%.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 1995

A study of heavy mineral sands in terms of heavy mineral group and concentration has been carried out by analyzing 88 grab samples from the continental shelf off the southeast coast of Korea. Heavy mineral groups seem to be outlined and classified into four regions in the study area: 1) the western region; high concentrations of stable minerals, such as opaque mineral, magnetite, garnet and ZTR, 2) Korean Trough region; moderate concentrations of stable minerals, 3) the eastern region; abundant altered mineral and amphibole with minor of pyroxene concentration, and 4) the northeastern shelf-break region; low concentration of stable minerals with abundant altered minerals. The sedimentologic natures of four major heavy mineral regions (groupings) seem to be influenced by physical, dynamic and hydraulic milieu and also aerial and/or subaqueous weathering processes. It seems to be, further, plausible that shallow marine waves and currents associated with neritic dynamic condition of transgressive sea might be very effective on the concentration and groupings (sorting) of heavy min-erals in the surficial sediments of the continental shelf. The pyroxene-abundant heavy mineral suite (group), in fact, seems to suggest a sediment source from Japanese Islands.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.383-387
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• 2012

Purpose: Although benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) is a benign condition, it may be associated with a spectrum of behavioral, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders. This study aimed to assess the cognitive and other neuropsychological profiles of children with BRE. Methods: In total, 23 children with BRE were consecutively recruited. All children underwent sleep electroencephalography (EEG) and were assessed on a battery of comprehensive neuropsychological tests including the Korean versions of the Wechsler intelligence scale for children III, frontal executive neuropsychological test, rey complex figure test, Wisconsin card sorting test, attention deficit diagnostic scale, and child behavior checklist scale. Results: The study subjects included 13 boys and 10 girls aged $9.0{\pm}1.6$ years. Our subjects showed an average monthly seizure frequency of $0.9{\pm}0.7$, and a majority of them had focal seizures (70%). The spike index (frequency/min) was $4.1{\pm}5.3$ (right) and $13.1{\pm}15.9$ (left). Of the 23 subjects, 9 showed frequent spikes (>10/min) on the EEG. The subjects had normal cognitive and frontal executive functions, memory, and other neuropsychological sub-domain scores, even though 8 children (35%) showed some evidence of learning difficulties, attention deficits, and aggressive behavior. Conclusion: Our data have limited predictive value; however, these data demonstrate that although BRE appears to be benign at the onset, children with BRE might develop cognitive, behavioral, and other psychiatric disorders during the active phase of epilepsy, and these problems may even outlast the BRE. Therefore, we recommend scrupulous follow-up for children with BRE.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng Meyer) is a widely used medicinal herb known to exert various immune modulatory functions. KRG and one of its purified components, ginsenoside Rg3, are known to possess anti-inflammatory activities. How they impact helper T cell-mediated responses is not fully explored. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effect of KRG extract (KRGE) and ginsenoside Rg3 on Th1 cell responses. Methods: Using well-characterized T cell in vitro differentiation systems, we examined the effects of KRGE or enhanced Rg3 on the Th1-inducing cytokine production from dendritic cells (DC) and the naïve $CD4^+$ T cells differentiation to Th1 cells. Furthermore, we examined the change of Th1 cell population in the intestine after treatment of enhanced Rg3. The influence of KRGE or enhanced Rg3 on Th1 cell differentiation was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: KRGE significantly inhibited the production level of IL-12 from DCs and subsequent Th1 cell differentiation. Similarly, enhanced Rg3 significantly suppressed the expression of interferon gamma ($IFN{\gamma}$) and T-bet in T cells under Th1-skewing condition. Consistent with these effects in vitro, oral administration of enhanced Rg3 suppressed the frequency of Th1 cells in the Peyer's patch and lamina propria cells in vivo. Conclusion: Enhanced Rg3 negatively regulates the differentiation of Th1 cell in vitro and Th1 cell responses in the gut in vivo, providing fundamental basis for the use of this agent to treat Th1-related diseases.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.167-176
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• 2020

Recommendation Systems is the top requirements for many people and researchers for the need required by them with the proper suggestion with their personal indeed, sorting and suggesting doctor to the patient. Most of the rating prediction in recommendation systems are based on patient's feedback with their information regarding their treatment. Patient's preferences will be based on the historical behaviour of similar patients. The similarity between the patients is generally measured by the patient's feedback with the information about the doctor with the treatment methods with their success rate. This paper presents a new method of predicting Top Ranked Doctor's in recommendation systems. The proposed Recommendation system starts by identifying the similar doctor based on the patients' health requirements and cluster them using K-Means Efficient Clustering. Our proposed K-Means Clustering with Content Based Doctor Recommendation for Cancer (KMC-CBD) helps users to find an optimal solution. The core component of KMC-CBD Recommended system suggests patients with top recommended doctors similar to the other patients who already treated with that doctor and supports the choice of the doctor and the hospital for the patient requirements and their health condition. The recommendation System first computes K-Means Clustering is an unsupervised learning among Doctors according to their profile and list the Doctors according to their Medical profile. Then the Content based doctor recommendation System generates a Top rated list of doctors for the given patient profile by exploiting health data shared by the crowd internet community. Patients can find the most similar patients, so that they can analyze how they are treated for the similar diseases, and they can send and receive suggestions to solve their health issues. In order to the improve Recommendation system efficiency, the patient can express their health information by a natural-language sentence. The Recommendation system analyze and identifies the most relevant medical area for that specific case and uses this information for the recommendation task. Provided by users as well as the recommended system to suggest the right doctors for a specific health problem. Our proposed system is implemented in Python with necessary functions and dataset.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.125-139
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• 2009

Objective : This study was performed in order to provide basic data for halitosis prevention and establish a device to efficiently eliminate halitosis and to analyze the factors that affect the halitosis. Methods : Oral examination on the Gingival index, CPITN, Tongue Plaque index, and OHI-S as well as halitosis measurement among 293 rural residents. Results : Gingival index was high at mild on female and at moderate on male(p=0.025). Sorting the result by age, mild was 54.1% in the 40s, and moderate was 49.5%, 42.0% and 70.0% each in the 50s, 60s, and the 70s(p=0.005). The need for dental plaque management was 100%. The need for scaling was high with 78.3%, 93.0%, 89.9%, and 90.0% each for the 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s. The need for complex periodontal treatment was also high with 32.4%, 47.5%, 48.7% and 60.0%, each for the 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s(p=0.050). The highest bad condition for OHI-S was 69.5%, and good being 18.9%, and very bad being 11.6%. For moderate tongue plaque index was 74.4% as the highest. As the level of education increased, the slight tongue plague was increased, but in contrast, the moderate and higher tongue plague index was decreased(p=0.010). OG under 50ppm was 61.1% on male and OG over 50ppm was 50.9% on female(p=0.041). In OG over 50ppm, CPITN was 52.1% and 41.9% in scaling and complex periodontal treatment group(p=0.018). OHI-S, in bad and very bad condition with OG, over 50ppm, was 48.7% and 46.9%(p=0.019). The higher tongue plague index showed significant amount of increase at OG and EG above 50ppm(p=0.006). $NH_3$, as the tongue plaque index increased, the wider range of distribution was shown(p=0.000). As for the multiple regression analysis result, there have been selected females and tongue plaque index as factors affecting OG. There have been selected age and tongue plaque index as factors affecting EG and there have been selected females as factors affecting on $NH_3$. Conclusions : With the aforementioned results in mind, the status of halitosis among rural residents is considered to bare a close relation with oral environments. we have to focus on correct tooth brushing methods and tongue brushing, with using tongue cleaner to remove fur of tongue plaque. Also, in order to analyze exactly the factors of individual halitosis, we need continuous and systematic study.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 1999

Seismic refracrion and reflection surveys were conducted along an E-W trending track of 482 m long in Ilwall-dong, Pohang. End-on spread was employed as source-receiver configuration with 2 m for both geophone interval and offset. Seismic data were acquired using 24 channels at every shot fired every 2 m along the track. Refraction data were interpreted using equations for multi-horizontal layers. Reflection data were processed in the sequence of trace edit, gain control, CMP sorting, NMO correction, mute, common offset gathering, and filtering to produce a single fold seismic section. There are two layers in shallow subsurface of the study area. Upper layer has the P-wave velocities ranging from 267 to 566 m/s and is interpreted as a layer of unconsolidated sediments. Lower layer has P-wave velocities of 1096-3108 m/s and is interpreted as weathered rock to hard rock. Most of the lower layer classified as soft rock. Upper layer has lateral variations in both P-wave velocity and thickness. The upper layer in the eastern part of the seismic line is 3-5 m thick and has P-wave velocity of 400 m/s in average. The upper layer in the western part is 8-10 m thick and has P-wave velocity of 340 m/s in average. The eastern part is interpreted as unconsolidated beach sand, while the western part is interpreted as infilled soil to develop a construction site. Three fault systems of high angle are imaged in seismic reflection section. It is interpreted that the area between these fault systems are relatively safe. Large buildings should be located in the safe ground condition of no fault and footings should be designed to be in the basement rock of 3-10 m deep below the surface.