• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2022

A sorption cooler, which utilizes helium-4 as a working fluid, was previously developed and tested in KAIST. The cooler consists of a sorption pump and a thermosyphon. The developed sorption cooler aims to pre-cool a certain amount of the magnetic refrigerant of an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) from 4.5 K to 2.5 K. To simulate the high heat capacitance of the magnetic refrigerant, liquid helium was utilized not only as a refrigerant for the sorption cooling but also as a thermal capacitor. The previous experiment, however, showed that the lowest temperature of 2.7 K which was slightly higher than the target temperature (2.5 K) was achieved due to the radiation heat leak. This excessive heat leak would not occur when the sorption cooler is completely integrated with the ADR. Thus, based on the experimentally obtained pumping speed, the prediction model for the sorption cooler is developed in this study. The presented model in this paper assumes the sorption cooler is integrated with the ADR and the heat leak is negligible. The model predicts the amount of the liquid helium and the required time for the sorption cooling process. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the performance of the sorption cooler is enhanced by reducing the volume of the thermosiphon. The detailed results and discussions are summarized.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2021

This study investigated the mineralogical properties of bentonite and illite and evaluated the Cs sorption at various concentrations (C_w≈1-10⁵ ㎍/L). Bentonite samples, collected from South Korea and USA, majorly consisted of Ca- and Na-montmorillonite, showed large cation exchange capacity (CEC, 91.4 and 47.3 meq/100 g) and specific surface area (SSA, 46.1 and 39.7 m²/g). In contrast, illite sample (USA) had relatively low values for 14.4 meq/100g of CEC and 29.3 m²/g of SSA, respectively. Bentonite and illite had different non-linear sorption for Cs along with C_w. At low C_w<10 ㎍/L, illite showed higher sorption capacity than bentonite despite low CEC because of the existence of specific sorption sites at the weathered mineral edge. However, as C_w increased, bentonite represented high sorption capacity because the cation exchange between Cs and interlayer cations was effective at high C_w conditions. These results implicated that the Cs concentration is important to evaluate the sorption performance of bentonite and illite. Finally, the Cuadros' kinetic model for illitization using various K concentrations (2×10^-5 and 1.7×10^-3 mol/L) and temperature (100-200℃) showed that up to 50% of the montmorillonite in bentonite could be converted to illite, suggesting that the illitization should be considered to evaluate the sorption performance of the bentonite in deep geological disposal repository.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.312-317
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• 2003

This paper describes an experimental study on small-scale sorption refrigerator. Silica gel (type A) as an adsorbent, HFC-l34a as a refrigerant were selected for a sorption refrigerator The focus of the design was to reduce the cycle time of the sorption refrigerator. Through the experiment, pressure and temperature variations in the adsorber were measured and the performance of refrigerator was predicted. In this paper, the small-scale sorption refrigerator operates with the cycle time of 4805. Its predicted cooling capacity is 25 W at -15$^{\circ}C$ and COP is 0.23.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.186-194
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• 2009

Understanding the environmental fate of human and animal pharmaceuticals and their risk assessment are of great importance due to their growing environmental concerns. Although there are many potential pathways for them to reach the environment, effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) are recognized as major point sources. In this study, the removal efficiencies of the 43 selected priority pharmaceuticals in a conventional STP were evaluated using two simple models: an equilibrium partitioning model (EPM) and STPWIN$^{TM}$ program developed by US EPA. It was expected that many pharmaceuticals are not likely to be removed by conventional activated sludge processes because of their relatively low sorption potential to suspended sludge and low biodegradability. Only a few pharmaceuticals were predicted to be easily removed by sorption or biodegradation, and hence a conventional STP may not protect the environment from the release of unwanted pharmaceuticals. However, the prediction made in this study strongly relies on sorption coefficient to suspended sludge and biodegradation half-lives, which may vary significantly depending on models. Removal efficiencies predicted using the EPM were typically higher than those predicted by STPWIN for many hydrophilic pharmaceuticals due to the difference in prediction method for sorption coefficients. Comparison with experimental organic carbon-water partition coefficients ($K_{ocs}) revealed that log KOW-based estimation used in STPWIN is likely to underestimate sorption coefficients, thus resulting low removal efficiency by sorption. Predicted values by the EPM were consistent with limited experimental data although this model does not include biodegradation processes, implying that this simple model can be very useful with reliable Koc values. Because there are not many experimental data available for priority pharmaceuticals to evaluate the model performance, it should be important to obtain reliable experimental data including sorption coefficients and biodegradation rate constants for the prediction of the fate of the selected pharmaceuticals.

• Carbon letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

Exfoliated graphite was found to sorb selectively a large amount of heavy oil, about 80 g of heavy oil floating on water per 1 g of exfoliated graphite, which is highly possible to be applied to recovering spilled heavy oil. Sorption capacity, selectivity and kinetics of exfoliated graphite were reviewed. The possibility of recovery of heavy oil from exfoliated graphite and recycling of both recovered heavy oil and exfoliated graphite was also discussed. Its sorption performance was compared with other materials which were reported to show sorption of heavy oil.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2012

In this study, the adsorption of $Cu^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ from aqueous solution on the biochar derived from used coffee grounds at different pyrolysis temperatures has been investigated as a potential low-cost treatment method for heavy metal-containing waters. Three biochar samples prepared by heating coffee sludge at temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ (B300), $500^{\circ}C$ (B500), and $700^{\circ}C$ (B700) were tested for the adsorption capacity and kinetics of Cd and Cu. Also the influencing factor of heavy metal removal by ion exchange in terms of cation exchange capacity (CEC) of each biochar was measured. Adsorption of Ca and Cu by biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperature showed higher adsorption capacity but the optimal pyrolysis temperature based on performance and economy was known as $500^{\circ}C$. Sorption of Cu and Cd by biochar followed a Langmuir model at pH 6~6.5, attributing mainly to surface sorption. The biochar was more effective in Cu and Cd sorption than activated carbon (AC), with BC 500 being the most effective, which indicates that sorption of Cd and Cu by coffee sludge biochar is partly influenced by chemical sorption on surface functional group as well as physical sorption.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.384-392
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the removal efficiency of $17{\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (MT) from aqueous solution by Salvinia cucullata Roxb. ex Bory in an active plant-based reactor with a specific focus on linear regression analysis for the sorption phenomena of MT onto the plant roots. A high performance liquid chromatographic method using UV detection (245 nm) was used to analyse the samples. The batch experiments of the active plant reactor (APR) were established to investigate the ability of Salvinia cucullata to remove MT from the liquid phase. The results revealed that 40% and 60% removal of MT from the liquid phase was observed at 5 min. and at 4 h, respectively. Salvinia cucullata can effectively remove MT from the aqueous solution in APRs. Kinetic studies revealed that the sorption phenomena of MT by Salvinia is best described using a linearized pseudo - second order model. Based on the kinetic parameters, it is likely that during the first 4 h of the contact (t = 0 to t = 4 h) sorption is the major driving mechanism of the disappearance of MT from aqueous solutions. However, at higher MT concentrations, diffusivity of MT has a significant effect on the migration of MT from the bulk stream to the root surface. The isotherm analysis revealed that the sorption kinetics favourably followed pseudo second-order. The results of isotherm analysis have indicated that the sorption of MT onto the root surfaces of Salvinia cucullata was favourable and almost irreversible.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.313-324
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• 2024

Se sorption onto Ca-type montmorillonite purified from Bentonil-WRK-a new research bentonite introduced by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute-was examined under ambient conditions (pH 4-9, pe 7-9, I = 0.01 M CaCl₂, and T = 25℃). Se(IV) was identified as the oxidation state responsible for weak sorption (Kd < 22 L·kg^-1) by forming surface complexes with edge functional groups of the montmorillonite. Thermodynamic modeling, considering reaction mechanisms of outer-sphere complexation (≡AlOH⁺₂ + HSeO₃^- ⇌ ≡AlOH₃SeO₃, log K = 0.50 ± 0.21), inner-sphere complexation (2≡AlOH + H₂SeO₃(aq) ⇌ (≡Al)₂SeO₃ + 2H₂O(l), log K = 7.89 ± 0.51), and Ca²⁺-involved ternary complexation (≡AlOH + Ca²⁺ + SeO₃^2- ⇌ ≡AlOHCaSeO₃, log K = 7.69 ± 0.28) between selenite and aluminol sites of montmorillonite, acceptably reproduced the batch sorption data. Outer- and inner-sphere complexes are predominant Se(IV) forms sorbed in acidic (pH ≈ 4) and near-acidic (pH ≈ 6) regions, respectively, whereas ternary complexation accounts for Se(IV) sorption at neutral pHs under the ambient conditions. The experimental and modeling data generally extend a material-specific sorption database of Bentonil-WRK, which is essential for assessing its radionuclide retention performance as a buffer candidate of deep geological disposal system for high-level radioactive waste.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2013

Radionuclide sorption data is necessary for the safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal. However the use of sorption database is often limited due to the accessability. A web-based sorption database program named KAERI-SDB has been developed to provide information on the sorption of radionuclides onto geological media as a function of geochemical conditions. The development of KAERI-SDB was achieved by improving the performance of pre-existing sorption database program (SDB-21C) developed in 1998 and considering user's requirements. KAERI-SDB is designed that users can access it by using a web browser. Main functions of KAERI-SDB include (1) log-in/member join, (2) search and store of sorption data, and (3) chart expression of search results. It is expected that KAERI-SDB could be widely utilized in the safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal by enhancing the accessibility to users who wants to use sorption data. Moreover, KAERI-SDB opened to public would also improve the reliability and public acceptance on the radioactive waste disposal programs.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.395-403
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• 2016

This study examined the adsorption effect of aromatic pesticides by hollow fiber NF membrane on rejection and removal properties. Batch type adsorption test and hollow fiber NF membrane filtration were conducted with 5 different kinds of aromatic pesticides. 3 to 15 days were required to reach the equilibrium concentration and $0.3181{\sim}0.8094{\mu}g/cm^2$ were adsorbed to hollow fiber NF membrane. Since 5 hours of separation test were too short to keep steady state for permeate due to the repetition of sorption and desorption, longer times were required to evaluate the rejection performance of NF membrane. Sorption and desorption were confirmed by the separation test equipped with membrane and without membrane. Adsorption contribution of aromatic pesticides to hollow fiber membranes were shown to be ranged from 16.1% to 36.3% and indicated the difference considering sorption effect.