• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2002

The authors have reported significant reductions in particulate emissions of diesel engines by generating strong turbulence during the combustion process. This study aims to identify optimum conditions of turbulent mixing for effective soot reduction during combustion. The experiments were conducted with a constant volume combustion vessel equipped with abet-generating cell, in which a small amount of fuel is injected during the combustion of the main spray. The jet of burned gas from the cell impinges the main flame, causing changes In the mixing of fuel and air. Observation was made for a variety combinations of distances between spray nozzle and Jet orifice at different directions of impingement. It Is shown that compared with the case without Jet flame soot decreases when the jet impinges. When the jet is very close to the flame, it penetrates the soot cloud and causes little mixing. There were no apparent differences in the combustion duration when the direction of impingement was varied, although the mechanisms of soot reduction seemed different. An analysis of local turbulent flews with PIV (Particle image Velocimetry) showed the relationship between the scale of the turbulence and the size of the soot cloud.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2007

Recently, diesel vehicles have been increased and their emission standards have been getting strict. The emission of diesel vehicles contains numerous dangerous compounds, especially particulate matters cause a serious environmental pollutant and affect to human health seriously. Thousands of studies have already reported that particulate matters are associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and death. Due to these, it is necessary to measure the soot concentration and soot particle size in laboratory flames or practical engines to recognize the soot formation, and develop the control strategies for soot emission. In this study, the characteristics of exhausted soot particle size and volume fraction from 2.0L CRDI diesel engine have been investigated as varying engine speed and load. Laser induced incandescence has been used to measure soot concentration. Time-resolved laser induced incandescence has been used to determine soot particle size in the engine. The soot volume fraction is increased as increasing engine load but soot volume fraction is decreased as increasing engine speed. The primary particle size is distributed about $35nm{\sim}60nm$ at each experimental conditions.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.358-364
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• 2009

This paper is to investigate the influence of driving patterns of slow and high speed vehicles on the performance of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter(DPF) system matched with operating conditions in field application. The DPF performance test for field application was carried out for two identical DPFs installed to slow and high speed vehicles. A slow speed vehicle was selected among local buses which have driving patterns to repeat running and stop frequently, while a high speed vehicle was prepared to have long route of high speed over 60km/h like inter-city buses. In this test, the regeneration performance on the DPF of slow speed vehicle deteriorated because of high soot load index(SLI) in spite of same balance point temperature(BPT) distribution for high speed vehicle. The DPF of slow speed vehicle melted in the end because the rapid increase of back pressure caused high temperature over $1200^{\circ}C$ in the ceramic wall of DPF. The PM components like ash collected to the filter in the DPF were analyzed in order to investigate the cause of the defect and provide an operation performance of DPF system. In the result of the analysis, high levels of lubrication oil ash(Ca, Mg, P, Zn) were detected.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2011

Diesel particulate filter is being recognized that it is the most effective technologies to reduce particulate matter. In this study, to determine the characteristics of the cell-open-type pDPF, we employed p-DPF to exhaust gas tunnel of diesel engine and surveyed filtration efficiency and BPT on the basis of PM which is exhausted from engine. In this paper the soot loading mass in DPF can be predicted from increase of differential pressure of DPF so that we can measure filtration efficiency and Balance Point Temperature (BPT) by soot loading mass. The result of the research showed that the filtration efficiency is 65% in ESC mode with 0.7mm hole diameter. For the results of the characteristics of filtration efficiency and BPT according to mass_exh, we found that if mass_exh increases, filtration efficiency increases and BPT decreases.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.747-752
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• 2016

Soot and harmful exhaust gas produced by liquid hydrocarbon fuel caused various environmental problems. In this study, soot characteristics produced by thermal decomposition of acetylene and diesel were analyzed, which are formed at different temperatures. These fuels were observed to produce particulate matters, and collected soot samples were observed by using TEM & SEM. These were found to be significantly different in structure and crystallinity.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2001

An aftertreatment system of diesel exhaust gas was attempted to extract particulate matters. The system consisted of a corona-less electrostatic precipitator to agglomerate soot particles and a counter-flow cyclone to collect them. When the effect of high voltage was examined at different configuration of electrode plates, the case of positive 15kV at both plates showed the maximum reduction of 38% in diesel smoke level. However, the back pressure became quite high as engine speed increased, so that minimizing pressure drop in cyclone should be studied with improving collection efficiency of soot particles.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2005

Sustaining of flame stability of the burner installed in Dielsel exhaust pipe is very difficult because of steep fluctuation of pressure and flow rate. A burner for DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) which clogged by collected soot regeneration has been made of metal fiber for the purpose of realization of flame stability even in unfavorable condition of Diesel engine exhaust. Flame stability of the metal fiber burner has been investigated in various condition of engine operation. It has been identified that metal fiber burner with liner which has swirl guide vane presents excellent flame stability even in the higher engine revolutions than 3000rpm and sudden variation. The results offer the possibility of development of full flow burner system for DPF regeneration.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.499-504
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• 2010

디젤 매연여과장치내 포집된 입자상물질의 재생 시기를 제어하기 위해서는 매연 포집량을 정확히 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 필터내 축적된 매연 포집량은 필터 전 후의 압력차와 배기유량에 의해 예측될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 먼저, 디젤산화촉매와 디젤매연여과장치 전 후의 각각 압력차의 비로써 정의한 매연지수의 산출을 위해 효과적인 신호처리방법을 제시하였다. 이를 3L급 승용 디젤엔진에서 정상운전조건과 과도운전조건에서 비교한 결과, 매연지수와 매연 포집량에 있어서 일정 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2010

An experimental investigation was conducted to analyze the effects of EGR ratio on the combustion, exhaust emissions characteristics and size distributions of particulate matter in a single cylinder diesel engine with common-rail injection system fueled with biodiesel derived from soybean. In order to analyze the combustion, exhaust emissions and measurement of size distributions of particulate matter were carried out under various EGR ratio which was varied from 20~60% and the results were compared to those of results without EGR. The experimental results show that ignition delay was extended and maximum value of rate of heat release (ROHR) was decreased according to increasing of EGR ratio. In addition, oxidies of nitrogen ($NO_x$) emissions were reduced but soot emissions were increased under increasing of EGR ratio. However, under higher EGR ratio region, soot was slightly decreased. And then the particulate size distribution shows that high exhaust gas temperature restrain the formation of soluble organic fraction (SOF) which were beyond the accumulation mode (100~300nm) and lead to increase of nuclei mode particles.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

Carbon soot emission from combustion processes, especially from diesel engines, is a subject of growing concern since soot is known to seriously affect human health. Efforts have been made to oxidize soot particles utilizing Non-Thermal Plasma(NTP) techniques. When oxygen is carried into a plasma device, electrons generated by the plasma dissociate the oxygen, resulting in the formation of oxygen atoms. These highly activated atoms, called O radicals, are known as strong oxidizing agent. This paper presents concentration variations of CO and $CO_2$ at the exit of the plasma device, resulting from the soot oxidation by O radicals, with variations of inlet oxygen concentration, gas temperature, and gas flow rate. Based on the data, Arrehenious rate constants of reactions between C(s)+O and C(s)+O+O were proposed.