• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 2005

Objectives : By examining the effects of Jwa Kum-Whan composed of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus by the ratio of 6:1 the effects of Soo Ryeon-Whan and composed of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus by the ratio of 1:1 on hyperlipidemia, the present study attempted to reveal the change of effects based on the ratio of combination. Methods : Jwa Kum-Whan and Soo Ryeon-Whan were injected to rats suffered from induced hyperlipidemia, and then its influence on lipid. During the cultivation of hepatocytes, Jwa Kum-Whan and Soo Ryeon-Whan were added to culture media, and the expression of the enzymes relevant to fat metabolism of hepatocytes was examined. Results : 1. Jwa Kum-Whan significantly decreased total cholesterol(Tc), triglyceride(TG), and LDL-cholesterol(LDLc) of rats suffering from hyperlipidemia induced by high cholesterol diet. Soo Ryeon-Whan decreased LDLc, but had no significant on Tc and TG. 2. Jwa Kum-Whan increased the expression of cholesterol esterase, LDL-receptor, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), acylCoA-cholesterol-acyltransferase (ACAT), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma $(PPAR{\gamma})$, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha $(PPAR{\alpha})$ of cultivated hepatocytes. In addition, Soo Ryeon-Whan increased the expression of cholesterol esterase, LDL-Receptor, DGAT, $PPAR{\gamma},\;PPAR{\alpha}$ of cultivated hepatocytes, but had no significant effects on the expression of ACAT. Conclusion : Both Jwa Kum-Whan and Soo Ryeon-Whan were composed of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus, but the fonner is more effective in hyperlipidemia.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.100-111
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to research the antibiotic, antioxidant and whitening effects of Jwa Kum-Whan(JKW) and Soo Ryeon-Whan(SRW). Both Jwa Kum-Whan and Soo Ryeon-Whan are composed of Coptidis rhizoma and Evodiae fructus, but the ratios of the two species are different. JKW is composed of Coptidis rhizoma and Evodiae fructus by ratio of 6:1 and SRW's ratio is 1:1. Methods : Antibiotic activities of JKW and SRW's water extracts were studied by paper disc diffusion method. Four kinds of bacteria were applied in paper disc, and each extract was dropped, individually. The diameter of inhibition zone was measured. DPPH assay was used for studying free radical scavenging activity. DPPH is quantitatively decolorized from purple color by antioxidant material. Change of color was measured by spectrophotometer. Whitening activity was analyzed by tyrosinase inhibition assay. Tyrosinase is major enzyme for control process of making eumelanin. Optical Density was measured by spectrophotometer. Results : Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus's inhibition zone were made large available by Both prescriptions. Inhibition zone's diameter of JKW was preferable to SRW's. Radical scavenging activity was better at SRW, but JKW's activity was available, too. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was found out available only for JKW, not for SRW. Conclusions : JKW had antibiotic effects for Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus. And had antioxidant, whitening effects. SRW had antibiotic, antioxidant activities but not whitening effect.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2022

To investigate the adverse effects of clozapine on cardiovascular ion channels, we examined the inhibitory effect of clozapine on voltage-dependent K⁺ (Kv) channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Clozapine-induced inhibition of Kv channels occurred in a concentration-dependent manner with an half-inhibitory concentration value of 7.84 ± 4.86 µM and a Hill coefficient of 0.47 ± 0.06. Clozapine did not shift the steady-state activation or inactivation curves, suggesting that it inhibited Kv channels regardless of gating properties. Application of train pulses (1 and 2 Hz) progressively augmented the clozapine-induced inhibition of Kv channels in the presence of the drug. Furthermore, the recovery time constant from inactivation was increased in the presence of clozapine, suggesting that clozapine-induced inhibition of Kv channels is use (state)-dependent. Pretreatment of a Kv1.5 subtype inhibitor decreased the Kv current amplitudes, but additional application of clozapine did not further inhibit the Kv current. Pretreatment with Kv2.1 or Kv7 subtype inhibitors partially blocked the inhibitory effect of clozapine. Based on these results, we conclude that clozapine inhibits arterial Kv channels in a concentration-and use (state)-dependent manner. Kv1.5 is the major subtype involved in clozapine-induced inhibition of Kv channels, and Kv2.1 and Kv7 subtypes are partially involved.