• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.530-534
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• 2012

A real-time PCR assay was developed and validated inhouse specifically for the detection of Clostridium perfringens (Cl. perfringens) in meats and vegetables by comparing with the culture method. The detection limit of the real-time PCR assay in phosphate-buffered saline was $10^2$ CFU/ml. When the two methods were compared in food samples inoculated with Cl. perfringens, the culture method detected 52 positives, whereas real-time PCR detected 51 positives out of 160 samples. The difference was without statistical significance (p>0.05). Real-time PCR assay is an option for quality assurance laboratories to perform standard diagnostic tests, considering its detection ability and time-saving efficiency.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

This study was performed for analyzing the general composition and the change in the quality of soymilk-derived yogurts manufactured by adding skim milk and whey powder to soymilk heat-treated at $95^{\circ}C$/5 min and $120^{\circ}C$/10 min, respectively. 1. During the storage of soymilk yogurt, the concentrations of total solids, protein, fat, and lactose slightly decreased, whereas viscosity, content of ash and NPN, and the number of lactic acid bacteria remained unchanged. 2. The pH and titratable acidity changed rapidly in all soymilk yogurts after 3 h of incubation. 3. We found $7.8{\times}10^8$ lactic acid bacteria in the control sample, $4.7{\times}10^8$ and $5.02{\times}10^8$ in soymilk yogurt with skim milk, respectively, and $5.9{\times}10^8$ and $5.5{\times}10^8$, respectively in soymilk yogurt with whey powder according to degree of heat treatment with $95^{\circ}C$/5 min and $120^{\circ}C$/10 min. 4. The viscosity of yogurt samples became lower as the heat treatment increased in temperature and in the length of time. 5. The value of sensory evaluation was relatively high in soymilk yogurt with the added skim milk, which was heat-treated $95^{\circ}C$/5 min; however, the value was significantly lower than that of the control sample. 6. Lactose, glucose, and galactose were detected in all samples because lactose is degraded into glucose and galactose within 3 h of inoculation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalent allergens causing canine atopic dermatitis in Daejeon area. Twenty two dogs were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by an using intradermal skin test (IDST). Allergens used for the IDST included 33 allergen extracts from nine allergen groups: house dust mites (HDM), house dust, moulds, trees, weeds, grasses, insects/fleas, epithelia and others. The 22 purebred dogs with atopic dermatitis enrolled in this study included Shi-tzus (10/22, 45.5%), Yorkshire terriers (5/22, 22.7%), Miniature pinschers (4/22, 18.2%), Pugs (2/ 22, 9.1 %) and Cocker spaniels (1/22, 4.5%). The age of onset of atopic dermatitis ranged from 5 months to 5 years old (median: 1.79 years). The males (12/22, 54.5%) and females (10/22, 45.5%) were almost equal. The number of positive reactions to allergens recorded in each dog with atopic dermatitis was 3 (9/22, 40.9%), 2 (8/22, 36.4%), 1 (3/ 22, 13.6%) and 4 (2/22, 9.1 %), respectively. The most common positive allergen reaction was HDM (52.6%). The other positive allergen reactions recorded were from house dust (17.5%), insects/fleas (15.8%), trees (5.3%), moulds (3.5%), kapok (3.5%), silk (3.5%), epithelia (1.8%), weeds (0%) and grasses (0%), respectively. Positive reactions recorded to Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus were in 53.3% and 46.7%, respectively. The IDST results demonstrate that the most common causative allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in Daejeon area were HDM.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.477-481
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• 2015

Giardia is a major public health concern and considered as reemerging in industrialized countries. The present study investigated the prevalence of giardiosis in 202 sheltered dogs using PCR. The infection rate was 33.2% (67/202); Gyeongsangbuk-do and Daejeon showed 25.7% (39/152, P<0.0001) and 56% (28/50), respectively. The prevalence of infected female dogs (46.7%, P<0.001) was higher than in male dogs (21.8%). A higher prevalence (43.5%, P<0.0001) was observed in mixed breed dogs than purebred (14.1%). Although most of the fecal samples collected were from dogs of ${\geq}1$ year of age which showed only 27.4% positive rate, 61.8% (P<0.001) of the total samples collected from young animals (<1 year of age) were positive for G. intestinalis. A significantly higher prevalence in symptomatic dogs (60.8%, P<0.0001) was observed than in asymptomatic dogs (23.8%). Furthermore, the analysis of nucleotide sequences of the samples revealed that G. intestinalis Assemblages A and C were found in the feces of dogs from Gyeongsangbuk-do and Daejeon. Since G. intestinalis Assemblage A has been known to infect humans, our results suggest that dogs can act as an important reservoir of giardiosis in Korea. Hence, hygienic management should be given to prevent possible transmission to humans.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2009

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) usually cause respiratory distress soon after birth and are associated with a high mortality rate in the early postnatal period. However, there is a milder form of CDH that does not manifest during the neonatal period. The late presenting CDH is characterized by a variable clinical picture. We present the case of an otherwise healthy 5-month-old girl, who was referred for evaluation of an 1-day history of vomiting and irritability. Chest simple X-ray and CT showed bowel loops in the left thoracic cavity, which was consistent with diaphragmatic hernia. At operation, she was found to have a small left posterolateral diaphagmatic defect with viable small bowel loops in the left thoracic cavity. After surgical reposition of the hernia, the symptoms such as vomiting and irritability subsided. The lack of typical manifestation of CDH such as respiratory distress may lead to delayed diagnosis. The possibility of late presenting CDH should not be overlooked even after the neonatal period.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.183-186
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• 2016

This study was performed to collect the basic data of DEA 1.1 in four small breed (Maltese, Shih-tzu, Poodle, Yorkshire terrier) and in three large breed (German shepherd, Labrador retriever and Jindo) dogs in the Daejeon area. 105 dogs from 7 breeds (Maltese=20, Shih-tzu=19, Poodle=15, Yorkshire terrier=11, German shepherd=10, Labrador retriever=10, Jindo=20) were selected and tested using the dog blood typing Kit$^{(R)}$ (Korea Animal Blood Bank Inc., South Korea). The prevalence of DEA 1.1 was 83%, that of DEA 1.2 was 17%, and there was no DEA (-) blood type identified in this study. Prevalence according to breeds was Maltese (DEA 1.1, 85%; DEA 1.2, 15%), Shih-tzu (DEA 1.1, 95%; DEA 1.2 5%), Yorkshire terrier (DEA 1.1, 91%; DEA 1.2, 9%), Labrador retriever (DEA 1.1, 90%; DEA 1.2, 10%). One hundred percent of DEA blood type 1.1 was discovered in all of the Poodles and German shepherds, and a higher prevalence of DEA 1.2 was found (DEA 1.1, 40%; DEA 1.2 60%) in Jindo dogs. The prevalence of DEA 1.2 in the Jindo dogs was significantly higher than in other breeds (P<0.01). German shepherds and Labrador retrievers may be more suitable as donor dogs than Jindo dogs in the Daejeon area. Larger scale studies are necessary from more dogs and other areas in South Korea.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2011

The inhibitory effect of a polysaccharide from kefir on human rotavirus infection in MA-104 cells was investigated. The extracted polysaccharide was separated as fraction I in unbound materials and as fractions II, III, and IV in bound materials. Adding polysaccharide fractions II (4.8 mg/mL), III (5.3 mg/mL), and IV (1.4 mg/mL) inhibited the infection of MA-104 cells by human rotavirus. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC 50) were 0.075, 0.083, and 0.022 mg/mL, respectively. Based on these results, the kefir polysaccharide has anti-rotavirus activity. In conclusion, a polysaccharide from kefir had more than a 97% inhibition effect against human rotavirus infection in MA-104 cells.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

Step-drawdown test has been generally conducted to evaluate productivity or efficiency of both aquifer and well. In general step-drawdown test, pumping with a low constant discharge rate is conducted in the first stage until the drawdown within the well stabilizes. And then the groundwater is pumped with a higher rate in the next step until the drawdown stabilizes once more. This process is repeated at least three times (steps), with the equal duration. In this paper we tried to review some critical problems related to the step-drawdown test, which were revealed in the process of field practices and analyses. The problems, referred in this paper are mainly associated with the incorrect conceptual approach for analysis and incomplete data collection in the field test.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.212-214
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• 2015

Encephalitoozoon cuniculi is an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite commonly found in rabbits, causing encephalitozoonosis. This organism can also infect a wide range of hosts including humans, which is known to cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. In this case, four rabbits presented with head tilt and nystagmus were diagnosed for E. cuniculi infection using ELISA. The rabbits were treated with fenbendazole for 4 weeks and therapeutic success was evaluated by assessing the neurological symptoms. Three out of 4 rabbits showed improved health condition 3 to 5 days after treatment, but one rabbit showed persistent anorexia and head tilt after treatment and then died after 10 days. This report is the first to investigate the therapeutic response of fenbendazole for rabbit encephalitozoonosis in Korea, and suggests that pet rabbits may serve as potential E. cuniculi reservoirs for both pet animals and humans.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2016

A 13-year-old castrated male mixed breed dog and a 12-year-old castrated male mixed breed cat were referred to the hospital for the treatment of pulmonary edema and azotemia at the same time. To resolve the pulmonary edema and azotemia, intermittent hemodialysis (HD) was performed using ultrafiltration (UF), and the pulmonary edema, azotemia, other electrolyte and acid-base imbalances were improved. This case study demonstrated that when we encountered pulmonary edema patients with diuretic resistance, severe electrolyte imbalance, and impaired renal function complicated by decongestive therapy using diuretics, UF therapy can be considered a life-saving intervention.