• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.695-702
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• 2008

In this paper, a new numerical method is proposed to analyze near-field sonar cross section of acoustically large-sized underwater targets such as submarines. A near-field problem is converted to a far-field problem using a spherical projection method with respect to the objective target. Then, sonar cross section is calculated with a physical optics well established in far-field acoustic wave scattering problems. The analysis results of a square flat plate compared with those obtained by other method show the accuracy of the proposed method. Moreover, it is noted that the sonar cross section is varied with respect to the targeting point as well as the range. Finally, numerical analysis results of real-like underwater target such as a submarine pressure hull are discussed.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2017

소나 운용에서 잔향음은 수중 표적 탐지의 제한요소이기 때문에 정확한 예측이 중요하다. 최근에는 단상태소나 연구에서 공간적으로 송수신기의 위치가 다른 양상태 소나에 대한 연구로 확장되고 있는 추세이다. 양상태 잔향음을 모의하기 위해서는 양상태 음파전달, 양상태 산란강도 및 산란단면적 등에서 단상태와 다른 복잡한 계산이 요구된다. 전 세계적으로 양상태 잔향음에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있지만 잔향음을 예측하는데 중요한 요소인 양상태 산란단면적을 정확하게 계산하는 방법에 대한 연구는 미비하다. 본 논문에서는 거리 독립 환경의 양상태 잔향음모의에서 두 원의 교차되는 면적을 응용하는 새로운 산란단면적 계산 방법을 제안한다. 최종적으로 본 논문의 양상태 산란단면적 계산 방법으로 모의된 잔향음 준위는 기존에 제안되었던 방법들의 예측값과 비교되며 2013년 5월에 수행된 해상 실험의 측정값과 비교를 수행하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1062-1073
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• 2007

Acoustic Target Strength (TS) is a major parameter of the active sonar equation, which indicates the ratio of the radiated intensity from the source to the re-radiated intensity by a target. In developing a TS equation, it is assumed that the radiated pressure is known and the re-radiated intensity is unknown. This research provides a TS equation for polygonal plates, which is applicable to near field acoustics. In this research, Helmholtz-Kirchhoff formula is used as the primary equation for solving the re-radiated pressure field; the primary equation contains a surface (double) integral representation. The double integral representation can be reduced to a closed form, which involves only a line (single) integral representation of the boundary of the surface area by applying Stoke's theorem. Use of such line integral representations can reduce the cost of numerical calculation. Also Kirchhoff approximation is used to solve the surface values such as pressure and particle velocity. Finally, a generalized definition of Sonar Cross Section (SCS) that is applicable to near field is suggested. The TS equation for polygonal plates in near field is developed using the three prescribed statements; the redection to line integral representation, Kirchhoff approximation and a generalized definition of SCS. The equation developed in this research is applicable to near field, and therefore, no approximations are allowed except the Kirchhoff approximation. However, examinations with various types of models for reliability show that the equation has good performance in its applications. To analyze a general shape of model, a submarine type model was selected and successfully analyzed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.812-819
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• 2007

Acoustic Target Strength (TS) is a major parameter of the active sonar equation, which indicates the ratio of the radiated intensity from the source to the re-radiated intensity by a target. This research provides the time pattern of TS in time domain, which is applicable to pulse modulated acoustic pressure field. If the time pattern of TS is predicted by using TS equation in frequency domain, it takes long time and difficult since time function pulsed acoustic wave may be decomposed into their frequency domain components. But TS equation in time domain has a convenience. If the expression for pulsed acoustic field has been obtained, the problem can be solved. Furthermore this paper introduces about mathematical equivalence quantities between EM wave and Acoustic Wave.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2001

레이다 반사면적(RCS)은 레이더 탐지에, 그리고 음향 표적강도(TES)는 소나 탐지에 직접 관련이 있기 때문에 이 두 신호는 함정설계 초기단계에서 검토되어야 하는 중요한 요소 중의 하나이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 곡면패치 물리광학법을 도입하여 완전반사 곡면구조물의 RCS와 TES를 계략적으로 예측하는 기법을 개발하였다. 수치기법의 검증을 위하여 원형 실린더, 구, NACA3317 날개의 RCS를 계산한 후 가용한 자료와 비교 검토하였다. 또한 본 연구의 기법을 잠수함에 확장 적용하여 수상 항해시의 RCS와 잠수 항해시의 TES를 각각 계산하였다. 그리고 레이더 파와 소나 음파의 입사방위와 고각에 따른 주요 반사구조물의 위치를 확인하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.528-533
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• 2005

A mono-static high frequency acoustic target strength analysis scheme was developed for underwater targets, based on the far-field Kirchhoff approximation. Au adaptive triangular beam method and a concept of virtual surface were adopted for considering the effect of hidden surfaces and multiple reflections of an underwater target, respectively. A test of a simple target showed that the suggested hidden surface removal scheme is valid. Then some numerical analyses, for several underwater targets, were carried out; (1) for several simple underwater targets, like sphere, square plate, cylinder, trihedral corner reflector, and (2) for a generic submarine model, The former was exactly coincident with the theoretical results including beam patterns versus azimuth angles, and the latter suggested that multiple reflections have to be considered to estimate more accurate target strength of underwater targets.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.196-209
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• 2010

For the analysis of Acoustic Target Strength(TS) that indicates the scattered acoustic intensity from the underwater vehicles, an analysis program that is applicable to scatterers insonified by spherical wave source in near field is developed. In this program, the Physical Optics(PO) method is embedded as a base component. To increase the accuracy of the program, multiple bounce effects based on Geometrical Optics(GO) method are applied. To implement multiple bounce effects, GO method is used together with PO method. In detail, GO method has a concern in the evaluation of the effective area, and PO method is involved in the calculation of Acoustic Target Strength for the final effective area that is evaluated by GO method. For the embodiment of near field spherical wave source originated multiple bounce effects, image source concept is implemented additively to the existing multiple bounce algorithm which assumes plane wave insonification. Various types of models are tested to evaluate the reliability of the developed program and finally, a submarine is analyzed as an arbitrary scatterer.